Feline pulmonary carcinoma: Gross, histological, metastatic, and immunohistochemical aspects.

Feline pulmonary carcinoma (FPC) is an uncommon neoplasm with unique morphological features. We describe the gross, histological, metastatic, and immunohistochemical aspects of FPC, based on postmortem examinations from an 11-year retrospective study. Thirty-nine cases were selected. Predispositions were observed in senior (P < .001) and Persian (P = .039) cats. There were three gross patterns of the pulmonary tumors: (a) a large nodule and additional smaller nodules, (b) a solitary nodule, and (c) small, multifocal to coalescent nodules. Extrapulmonary metastases were present in 22/39 cases (56.4%), mainly in the regional lymph nodes (17/39, 43.5%), skeletal muscles (9/39, 23%), kidneys (6/39, 15.3%), and parietal pleura (4/39, 10.2%). The primary tumor size was correlated with the occurrence of extrapulmonary metastases (P = .002). Histologically, the tumors were classified as papillary adenocarcinoma (19/39, 48.7%), adenosquamous carcinoma (ADS) (8/39, 20.5%), acinar adenocarcinoma (6/39, 15.3%), solid adenocarcinoma (3/39, 7.6%), lepidic adenocarcinoma (2/39, 5.1%), and micropapillary adenocarcinoma (1/39, 2.5%). By immunohistochemistry, 39/39 cases (100%) were positive for pancytokeratin, 34/39 (87.1%) for thyroid transcription factor-1, and 8/39 (20.5%) for vimentin. Immunoreactivity for p40 was detected in the squamous component of all ADSs (8/8, 100%) and occasionally in the glandular component of adenocarcinomas (10/31, 32.2%). Napsin A expression was absent in all feline tissue tested. The results indicate that a modified and simplified histological classification based on current human and domestic animal systems is appropriate for cats. Additionally, this study highlights the utility of p40 as an immunohistochemical marker for the diagnosis of FPC with squamous differentiation.

Acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung in a cat: case report / Adenocarcinoma acinar pulmonar primário em gato: relato de caso

Among the diseases that cause dyspnea in felines, primary pulmonary neoplasia is rare and tends to affect senile cats. This study reports the case of a seven teen year old FeLV infected cat who was diagnosed acinar adenocarcinoma of the lung and kidney metastasis. It presented prostration and anorexia and was hospitalized with dyspnea and pleural effusion. Chest radiography indicated increased radiopacity in the cranial portion of the right hemithorax, compatible with presence of intrathoracic mass and the cytologic analysis of pleural effusion suggested feline infectious peritonitis. The animal died two days after, and the definitive diagnosis was concluded after necropsy and histopathological examination. Pulmonary adenocarcinoma should be included with differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in cats, especially the elderly.

Entre as doenças que causam dispneia em felinos, a neoplasia pulmonar primária é rara e costuma acometer gatos senis. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o caso de um felino, de 17 anos, portador do vírus da leucemia felina, diagnosticado com adenocarcinoma acinar pulmonar primário com metástase no rim e na pleura parietal. O paciente apresentava histórico inespecífico, sendo as principais queixas prostração e anorexia, e foi internado apresentando dispneia e efusão pleural. A radiografia torácica indicou aumento da radiopacidade na porção cranial do hemitórax direito, compatível com presença de neoformação intratorácica. A citologia da efusão foi sugestiva de peritonite infecciosa felina. O animal veio a óbito dois dias após o atendimento inicial e o diagnóstico definitivo foi determinado por meio da necropsia e da avaliação histológica. O adenocarcinoma pulmonar deve ser incluído como diagnóstico diferencial de doenças respiratórias em gatos, principalmente idosos.

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a captive ocelot (Leopardus pardalis): morphologic and immunophenotypic characterization - case report / Adenocarcinoma pulmonar em uma jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) de cativeiro: caracterização morfológica e imunofenotípica - relato de caso

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasia that usually arises from conducting airways or alveolar parenchyma. It has rarely been described in wild felids, with no previous reports in ocelots. In domestic cats it is a very aggressive neoplasm with a high metastatic rate that usually evolves to death. This report aimed to describe a pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a captive and senile ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), with a thorough morphologic and immunophenotypically characterization, evidencing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon in a high metastatic carcinoma, an important feature rarely described in veterinary medicine, even in domestic cats.(AU)

O adenocarcinoma pulmonar é uma neoplasia epitelial maligna originada do epitélio respiratório das vias aéreas inferiores e do parênquima alveolar. É uma neoplasia raramente descrita em felinos selvagens, sem nenhum relato em jaguatiricas. Em gatos domésticos, é uma neoplasia muito agressiva, com alta taxa de metástase, e geralmente evolui para o óbito do paciente. O presente relato objetiva descrever um adenocarcinoma pulmonar em uma jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis) senil de cativeiro, com detalhada caracterização morfológica e imunofenotípica, evidenciando o fenômeno de transição epitelial-mesenquial (TEM) em um carcinoma altamente metastático, uma característica importante, com escassos relatos na medicina veterinária, mesmo em gatos domésticos.(AU)

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma in dogs: surgical treatment with real-time video-thermometry

Background: Pulmonary neoplasia is an abnormal proliferation of cells at the lung tissue, and may be classified as primary, secondary or metastatic, and multisystemic. However, primary neoplasia is rare in canids. Additionally, neoplasms may be classified according to their biological behavior as either malignant or benign. Malignant tumors are more prevalent. The diagnosis can be difficult due to nonspecific symptoms, taking into account that some affected patients do not have symptoms at all; thus, the real incidence of the disease might remain undiagnosed on certain occasions. Therefore, we aimed to report an unprecedented successful case of lung lobectomy surgery in dogs with the aid of infrared video thermometry, which showed real-time images during the surgical procedure. Case: A 10-year-old male dog, crossbreed with Cocker Spaniel, was attended with a history of lethargy, dullness, progressive weight loss, cough, and difficulty breathing. Due to the chronic severity of the clinical signs and the normal physiological clinical examination, complementary exams were requested, such as radiography of the cervical and thoracic regions, cranial and thoracoabdominal computed tomography (TCT). The results of the exams showed the presence of a nodule mass in the right caudal pulmonary lobe which caused a lateral deviation to the left hemithorax of the cardiac silhouette. The patient underwent a surgical procedure with an approach through the thoracic region, at the height of the seventh intercostal space, and a total lobectomy was performed. Throughout the surgical procedure, video thermometry in real-time through the MART station (Metabolic Activity in Real-Time FLIR SC325®) was used to determine the viability of adjacent tissues through temperature differences measured in degrees Celsius. The surgical fragment containing the direct caudal pulmonary lobe and the mass were sent to the pathology sector for anatomopathological evaluation. An abundant papillary epithelial proliferation was visualized through microscopy, presenting areas of necrosis and inflammatory polymorphonuclear infiltrate. The nodule was diagnosed as lung papillary adenocarcinoma. Discussion: Adenocarcinomas consist of papillary, acinar, solid, or mixed glandular structures. They may originate from the airways, bronchial glands, or bronchoalveolar region, and often show invasive growth presenting a rudimentary and irregular shape. The clinical signs are non-specific, including exercise intolerance, non-productive cough, chronic respiratory signs such as tachypnoea or dyspnea, reduced appetite, weight loss, lethargy, chest palpation pain, hemothorax, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion. The diagnosis is concluded through imaging diagnostic tests, of which chest radiography is the most important, followed by magnetic resonance and computed tomography. Also, histopathological examination is essential to determine a definitive diagnosis. The treatment of choice for adenocarcinoma nodules is a surgical excision of the tumor mass. However, the type of surgical approach is determined by different factors such as size, location, and involvement of adjacent structures. The ablation of pulmonary masses may be performed either via partial or total lobectomies. Nevertheless, partial lobectomy is more often performed on non-neoplastic masses or to obtain material for biopsy, whilst total lobectomy is recommended for a malignant neoplasm removal. The prognosis is always guarded, having a more favorable outcome in masses of the smaller diameter without the involvement of adjacent structures.(AU)

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar associado à infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em vaca - relato de caso / [Pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with infection by Mycobacterium sp. in a cow - case report]

Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos, anatomopatológicos, imuno-histoquímicos, microbiológicos e moleculares de um caso de adenocarcinoma pulmonar associado à infecção por Mycobacterium sp. em uma vaca. O animal apresentou hiporexia, emagrecimento, vocalizações, postura ortopneica, ingurgitamento da jugular, estase venosa positiva, gemido expiratório e morte. Na necropsia, os pulmões estavam aumentados e apresentavam, na superfície pleural, nódulos branco-amarelados, firmes, multifocais a coalescentes, interpostos por áreas avermelhadas. Ao corte, os nódulos aprofundavam-se ao parênquima e possuíam múltiplos focos de aspecto caseoso e friável e áreas de mineralização. O saco pericárdico e os linfonodos traqueobrônquicos, ilíacos, lombares aórticos e mamários apresentavam lesões semelhantes. Histologicamente, observou-se neoformação carcinomatosa associada a áreas multifocais de necrose e mineralização. As células neoplásicas foram fortemente imunomarcadas pelo anticorpo antipancitoqueratina AE1/AE3. Na cultura microbiológica de fragmentos dos pulmões, houve crescimento de colônias bacterianas compatíveis com micobactérias atípicas. O sequenciamento molecular submetido ao BLASTn identificou o Mycobacterium sp. WCM 7299 (ID: gb|KJ873243.1|).(AU)

The clinical, anatomopathological, immunohistochemical, microbiological and molecular aspects of a case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma associated with infection by Mycobacterium sp. in a cow are described. The animal presented hyporexia, weight loss, vocalizations, orthopneic posture, jugular engorgement, positive venous stasis, expiratory groaning and death. At necropsy, the lungs were enlarged and presented firm, multifocal to coalescent yellowish nodules, interposed by reddish areas on the pleural surface. At cut, the nodules deepened to the parenchyma and had multiple foci of caseous and friable appearance and areas of mineralization. The pericardial sac and tracheobronchial, iliac, aortic lumbar and mammary lymph nodes showed similar lesions. Histologically, a carcinomatous neoformation, associated with multifocal areas of necrosis and mineralization, was observed. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunolabelled by anti-PanCytokeratin antibody AE1/AE3. Microbiological culture of lung fragments showed growth of bacterial colonies compatible with atypical mycobacteria. Molecular sequencing submitted to BLASTn identified the Mycobacterium sp. WCM 7299 (ID: gb|KJ873243.1|).(AU)

Lung-digit syndrome related to an adenosquamous feline lung carcinoma

Background: The lung-digit syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a primary pulmonar neoplasiamanifesting metastasis to the digit, occurring exclusively in felines. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs, associatedwith radiographic and histopathological exams. There are no therapeutic protocols well-established, and surgical excisionis considered controversial due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. The prognosis is considered poor, with low survivalrates. The aim of this paper is to report a case of lung-digit syndrome attended in Rio de Janeiro.Case: A 12-year-old female cat, no defined race, was attend with the complaint of weight loss and injury in the right thoraciclimb, already having histopathological diagnosis of squamous differentiation adenocarcinoma through biopsy. Physicalexamination showed no other clinical signs at first, including no signs of respiratory disease. Laboratory and imaging examswere performed, and the radiographic examination showed alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma showing a nodulararea of increased radiographic density. Followed up by the manifestation of breathing noise at rest, as the first respiratorysigns. The association of the clinical evaluation, medical history, and histopathological report from the limb lesion, leadto the suspicion diagnostic of lung-digit syndrome. The owners decide for the palliative treatment with chemotherapy, using carboplatin and prednisolone. Only the first session was performed, with the animal being euthanized due to clinicalworsening 48 days after the initial manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed...(AU)

Lung-digit syndrome related to an adenosquamous feline lung carcinoma

Background: The lung-digit syndrome is a rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a primary pulmonar neoplasiamanifesting metastasis to the digit, occurring exclusively in felines. The diagnosis is based on the clinical signs, associatedwith radiographic and histopathological exams. There are no therapeutic protocols well-established, and surgical excisionis considered controversial due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. The prognosis is considered poor, with low survivalrates. The aim of this paper is to report a case of lung-digit syndrome attended in Rio de Janeiro.Case: A 12-year-old female cat, no defined race, was attend with the complaint of weight loss and injury in the right thoraciclimb, already having histopathological diagnosis of squamous differentiation adenocarcinoma through biopsy. Physicalexamination showed no other clinical signs at first, including no signs of respiratory disease. Laboratory and imaging examswere performed, and the radiographic examination showed alterations in the pulmonary parenchyma showing a nodulararea of increased radiographic density. Followed up by the manifestation of breathing noise at rest, as the first respiratorysigns. The association of the clinical evaluation, medical history, and histopathological report from the limb lesion, leadto the suspicion diagnostic of lung-digit syndrome. The owners decide for the palliative treatment with chemotherapy, using carboplatin and prednisolone. Only the first session was performed, with the animal being euthanized due to clinicalworsening 48 days after the initial manifestation of clinical signs. The diagnosis was confirmed...

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar sólido primário em cão / Primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: In veterinary medicine, although primary lung tumors are rare compared to metastatic malignant neoplasms,an increase in the number of primary lung tumors in dogs has been reported in the past decades. Consequently, identifyingepidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of these neoplasms is essential for early and precise diagnosis. Thispaper aimed to report a case of a non-metastatic primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog and review the clinical,pathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of this neoplasm.Case: An 8-year-old female Cocker Spaniel was admitted to the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Rural FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a history of progressive weight loss and clinical dyspnea. Physical examinationrevealed the following: body temperature, 38.7ºC; capillary refill time, one second; heart rate, 104 beats/min; respiratoryrate, 40 breaths/min; pallor mucosa; blood glucose, 133 mg/dL; and body score, 2 (1-9). A thoracic radiograph revealeda diffuse radiopaque pattern of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleural effusion, and a large mass that extended through bothhemithoraces. An ultrasound-guided cytological examination was performed and displayed moderate cellularity in a bloodybackground. Cells presented distinct cell borders, large bluish cytoplasm, round hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei, andevident nucleoli. Three months after the first clinical consultation, the dogs state kept deteriorating and the owner optedfor the euthanasia. Autopsy of the lungs showed multiple, poorly defined, coalescent nodules with an average size of20.0×15.0×10.0 cm. The nodules occupied roughly 70% of the pulmonary...(AU)

Adenocarcinoma pulmonar sólido primário em cão / Primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog

Background: In veterinary medicine, although primary lung tumors are rare compared to metastatic malignant neoplasms,an increase in the number of primary lung tumors in dogs has been reported in the past decades. Consequently, identifyingepidemiological, clinical, and pathological features of these neoplasms is essential for early and precise diagnosis. Thispaper aimed to report a case of a non-metastatic primary solid pulmonary adenocarcinoma in a dog and review the clinical,pathological, and immunohistochemical aspects of this neoplasm.Case: An 8-year-old female Cocker Spaniel was admitted to the Small Animals Veterinary Hospital of the Rural FederalUniversity of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with a history of progressive weight loss and clinical dyspnea. Physical examinationrevealed the following: body temperature, 38.7ºC; capillary refill time, one second; heart rate, 104 beats/min; respiratoryrate, 40 breaths/min; pallor mucosa; blood glucose, 133 mg/dL; and body score, 2 (1-9). A thoracic radiograph revealeda diffuse radiopaque pattern of the pulmonary parenchyma, pleural effusion, and a large mass that extended through bothhemithoraces. An ultrasound-guided cytological examination was performed and displayed moderate cellularity in a bloodybackground. Cells presented distinct cell borders, large bluish cytoplasm, round hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei, andevident nucleoli. Three months after the first clinical consultation, the dog’s state kept deteriorating and the owner optedfor the euthanasia. Autopsy of the lungs showed multiple, poorly defined, coalescent nodules with an average size of20.0×15.0×10.0 cm. The nodules occupied roughly 70% of the pulmonary...