Health systems efficiency in China and ASEAN, 2015-2020: a DEA-Tobit and SFA analysis application.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the health systems efficiency in China and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries from 2015 to 2020. DESIGN: Health efficiency analysis using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier approach analysis. SETTING: Health systems in China and ASEAN countries. METHODS: DEA-Malmquist model and SFA model were used to analyse the health system efficiency among China and ASEAN countries, and the Tobit regression model was employed to analyse the factors affecting the efficiency of health system among these countries. RESULTS: In 2020, the average technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of China and 10 ASEAN countries' health systems were 0.700, 1 and 0.701, respectively. The average total factor productivity (TFP) index of the health systems in 11 countries from 2015 to 2020 was 0.962, with a decrease of 1.4%, among which the average technical efficiency index was 1.016, and the average technical progress efficiency index was 0.947. In the past 6 years, the TFP index of the health system in Malaysia was higher than 1, while the TFP index of other countries was lower than 1. The cost efficiency among China and ASEAN countries was relatively high and stable. The per capita gross domestic product (current US$) and the urban population have significant effects on the efficiency of health systems. CONCLUSIONS: Health systems inefficiency is existing in China and the majority ASEAN countries. However, the lower/middle-income countries outperformed high-income countries. Technical efficiency is the key to improve the TFP of health systems. It is suggested that China and ASEAN countries should enhance scale efficiency, accelerate technological progress and strengthen regional health cooperation according to their respective situations.

A vigilância em saúde sob a perspectiva de seus trabalhadores / Vigilancia de la salud desde la perspectiva de sus trabajadores / Health surveillance from the perspective of workers

Objetivo: compreender a vigilância em saúde (vs) sob a perspectiva de seus trabalhadores. Materiais e método: estudo qualitativo baseado no método compreensivo-interpretativo, em que foram entrevistados 28 profissionais vin-culados à vs de um estado e de sua capital no Brasil. O material coletado por meio de entrevista foi analisado a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias temáticas com relação à vs: concepção, articulação intrínseca e extrínseca, potencialidades e desafios. Os trabalhadores apresentaram uma concepção ampliada sobre a vs, entretanto a visão tecnicista e biomédica ainda persistiu. Conclusões: os trabalhadores relataram, como potencialidades, a satisfação e o comprometimento no exercício de suas funções e revelaram, como dificuldades, aspectos desestimulantes no cenário em curso. Nessa direção, os participantes apontaram para a alocação de mais verbas e investimentos no setor, para a valorização de suas carreiras e a necessidade de maior suporte por parte da gestão dos serviços.

Objetivo: comprender la vigilancia de la salud (vs) desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de este sector. Materiales y método: estudio cualitativo bajo el método de interpretación integral, en el que se entrevistó a 28 profesionales vinculados a la vs en un estado de Brasil. El material recogido se analizó utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: surgieron cuatro categorías temáticas en relación con vs: concepción; articulación intrínseca y extrínseca; potencialidades y desafíos. Los trabajadores presentaron una concepción ampliada sobre vs, sin embargo, la visión técnica y biomédica aún persiste entre los participantes. Conclusiones: los trabajadores informaron como potencialidades su satisfacción y el compromiso con el ejercicio de sus funciones. Entre las dificultades, señalaron aspectos desalentadores ante el escenario actual. En este sentido, los participantes ponen de manifiesta la necesidad de asignar más fondos e inversiones en el sector, reconocer el valor de su profesión y brindar mayor apoyo para la gestión de servicios.

Objective: Understanding health surveillance (sv) from the perspective of workers in this sector. Materials and method: Qualitative study under the comprehensive-interpretative method, in which 28 professionals linked to the sv of a Brazilian State and its capital were interviewed. The collected material was analyzed through the content analysis technique. Results: Four thematic categories emerged in relation to SV: conception; intrinsic and extrinsic articulation; potentialities and challenges. Participants presented an expanded conception about sv, although the technical and biomedical vision still remain as the main approach. Conclusions: Among the potentialities, participants reported satisfaction and commitment in the exercise of their functions. As for the difficulties, they revealed discouraging aspects based on the current scenario. In this direction, participants pointed as key elements the allocation of more funds and investment in the sector, more recognition and value to their careers, and the need for greater support from service management.

MIHARI project, a preceding study of MID-NET, adverse event detection database of Ministry Health of Japan-Validation study of the signal detection of adverse events of drugs using export data from EMR and medical claim data.

We studied the effectiveness of the direct data collection from electronic medical records (EMR) when it is used for monitoring adverse drug events and also detection of already known adverse events. In this study, medical claim data and SS-MIX2 standardized storage data were used to identify four diseases (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperthyroidism, and acute renal failure) and the validity of the outcome definitions was evaluated by calculating positive predictive values (PPV). The maximum positive predictive value (PPV) for diabetes based on medical claim data was 40.7% and that based on prescription data from SS-MIX2 Standardized Storage was 44.7%. The PPV for dyslipidemia was 50% or higher under either of the conditions. The PPV for hyperthyroidism based on disease name data alone was 20-30%, but exceeded 60% when prescription data was included in the evaluation. Acute renal failure was evaluated using information from medical records in addition to the data. The PPV for acute renal failure based on the data of disease names and laboratory examination results was slightly higher at 53.7% and increased to 80-90% when patients who previously had a high serum creatinine (Cre) level were excluded. When defining a disease, it is important to include the condition specific to the disease; furthermore, it is very useful if laboratory examination results are also included. Therefore, the inclusion of laboratory examination results in the definitions, as in the present study, was considered very useful for the analysis of multi-center SS-MIX2 standardized storage data.

Coordination of services for people with serious mental illness and general medical conditions: Perspectives from rural northeastern United States.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate providers' perspectives on how medical, mental health, and social services are coordinated for people with serious mental illnesses and general medical conditions in 2 predominantly rural states. METHOD: To achieve multiple perspectives on service coordination, this study includes perspectives from providers employed in community mental health centers, social service agencies, and primary care settings in 2 northern rural New England states with contrasting approaches to financing and organizing services. We conducted 29 individual semistructured interviews and 1 focus group, which included administrative leaders, team leaders, primary care providers, social workers, and case managers who provide services for people with serious mental illness. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic content analysis. RESULTS: We identified key themes at 3 levels: (a) provider-level coordination: bridging across services; managing interprofessional communications; and contrasting perspectives on the locus of responsibility for coordination; (b) individual-level coordination: support for self-management and care navigation; trusting and continuous relationships; and the right to individual choice and autonomy; (c) system-level coordination: linking appropriate residential and care provision services, funding, recruiting and retaining staff, policy enablers, and integration solutions. CONCLUSIONS: Three levels of provider-reported coordination themes are described for the 2 states, reflecting efforts to coordinate and integrate service delivery across medical, mental health, and social services. IMPLICATIONS: Improvements in patient outcomes will need additional actions that target key social determinants of health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Desabastecimiento de medicamentos en España. Un problema de salud / Shortage of supply of drugs in Spain. A health problem

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Adopting YouTube to Promote Health: Analysis of State Health Departments.

INTRODUCTION: We describe videos posted to the YouTube video-sharing Web site by US state health departments (SHDs) and associated institutional factors. METHODS: YouTube channels from SHDs were identified, their data retrieved, and their videos saved to a playlist on January 10, 2016. Ten randomly sampled videos from each channel were manually coded for topics. The 2012 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials profile survey was used to obtain information on staff, expenditure, and top 5 priorities for each SHD. Descriptive statistics and univariable regression were conducted. RESULTS: Forty-three SHDs had YouTube channels. Together, all SHDs posted 3957 videos, accumulated 12,151,720 views, and gained 6302 subscribers. In total, 415 videos were manually coded. Information about the agency (17.6%), communicable diseases (12.5%), and mother/infant health (8.9%) comprised the largest share of topics. No statistically significant association was observed between the log-transformed number of videos posted on an SHD's YouTube channel and any of the explanatory variables of SHD staffing and expenditure in 2011. The number of full-time employees (r = 0.34, p = 0.03), number of epidemiologists and biostatisticians (r = 0.41, p = 0.01), and 2011 total year expenditure (r = 0.38, p = 0.02) were positively correlated with the log-transformed number of views per YouTube video posted by SHDs. No meaningful patterns of statistical association were observed between the percentage of expenditure on a specific program area and the topics of videos. CONCLUSION: Most SHDs are using YouTube, which provides a unique opportunity for SHDs to disseminate health messages.

Early access to health products in France: Major advances of the French "Conseil stratégique des industries de santé" (CSIS) to be implemented (modalities, regulations, funding).

In a context of perpetual evolution of treatments, access to therapeutic innovation is a major challenge for patients and the various players involved in the procedures of access to medicines. The revolutions in genomic and personalized medicine, artificial intelligence and biotechnology will transform the medicine of tomorrow and the organization of our health system. It is therefore fundamental that France prepares for these changes and supports the development of its companies in these new areas. The recent "Conseil stratégique des industries de santé" launched by Matignon makes it possible to propose a regulatory arsenal conducive to the implementation and diffusion of therapeutic innovations. In this workshop, we present a number of proposals, our approach having remained pragmatic with a permanent concern to be effective in the short term for the patients and to simplify the procedures as much as possible. This was achieved thanks to the participation in this workshop of most of the players involved (industrial companies, "Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé", "Haute Autorité de santé", "Institut national du cancer", "Les entreprises du médicament", hospitals, "Observatoire du médicament, des dispositifs médicaux et de l'innovation thérapeutique"…). The main proposals tend to favor the implementation of clinical trials on our territory, especially the early phases, a wider access to innovations by favoring early access programs and setting up a process called "autorisation temporaire d'utilisation d'extension" (ATUext) that make it possible to prescribe a medicinal product even if the latter has a marketing authorisation in another indication. In addition, we propose a conditional reimbursement that will be available based on preliminary data but will require re-evaluation based on consolidated data from clinical trials and/or real-life data. Finally, in order to better carry out these assessments, with a view to access or care, we propose the establishment of partnership agreements with health agencies/hospitals in order to encourage the emergence of field experts, in order to prioritize an ascending expertise closer to patients' needs and to real life.

Interagency collaborative care for young people with complex needs: Front-line staff perspectives.

Worldwide, a growing burden of health and social issues now affect young people. Interagency collaboration and the "integration" of health and social care services are advocated to address the increasingly complex needs of at-risk youth and to reduce barriers to accessing care. In New Zealand, Youth-One-Stop-Shops (YOSSs) provide integrated health and social care to young people with complex needs. Little is known about how YOSSs facilitate collaborative care. This study explored the collaboration between YOSSs and external agencies between 2015 and 2017 using a multiple case study method. This paper reports qualitative focus group and individual interview data from two of four case sites including six YOSS staff and 14 external agency staff. Results showed participants regarded collaboration as critical to the successful care of high needs young people and were positive about working together. They believed YOSSs provided effective wraparound collaborative care and actively facilitated communication between diverse agencies on behalf of young people. The main challenges participants faced when working together related to the different "world views" and cultures of agencies which can run contrary to collaborative practice. Despite this, some highly collaborative relationships were apparent and staff in the different agencies perceived YOSSs had a lead role in co-ordinating collaborative care and were genuinely valued and trusted. However without the YOSS involvement, collaboration between agencies in relation to young people was less frequent and rarely went beyond limited information exchange. Establishing and maintaining trusting interpersonal relationships with individual staff was key to successfully negotiating agency differences. The study confirms that collaboration when caring for young people with high needs is complex and challenging, yet agencies from diverse sectors value collaboration and see the YOSS integrated wraparound approach as an important model of care.