[Sex workers in the Brazilian pandemic: effects on and relations with health]. / Trabalhadoras sexuais no marco pandêmico brasileiro: efeitos em e relações com a saúde.

This paper describes the results of the study I Want More! The Lives of Sex Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic, which is part of the EPIC community research program. The study analyzed the effects of the pandemic on the lives of cis, trans and travesti sex workers in nine Brazilian states and 11 cities throughout 2020 and 2021. This article focuses on the qualitative component of the study, which was based on semi-structured, remote and face-to-face interviews carried out with 43 sex workers, and its comparison with the quantitative component. The effects are analyzed in relation to the Brazilian pandemic framework, considering the social, economic and political dimensions of the COVID-19 virus. Some of the key themes of the analysis are cases of illness, specific social isolation practices, prevention and care management practices, individual vaccination and collective vaccination strategies. We also share the daily and activist responses drawn up by sex workers in a political agenda that opposes the individualistic, familialist, domestic, and neoliberal logic of isolation by adopting community care perspectives, which was the only line of health action for this work category during the pandemic. Collective actions reposition sex work at the interface between public health and human rights and take as their principle the "street knowledge", from activism, and the workers' power of decision over their own bodies.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados do estudo Eu Quero é Mais! A Vida de Profissionais do Sexo Durante a Pandemia da COVID-19, integrante do programa de investigação comunitária EPIC. O estudo analisou os efeitos da pandemia nas vidas de trabalhadoras sexuais cis, trans e travestis em nove Unidades da Federação e 11 cidades brasileiras ao longo de 2020 e 2021. O artigo tem como foco o componente qualitativo do estudo baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas de forma presencial e remota com 43 trabalhadoras sexuais, e seu cotejamento com o componente quantitativo. Os efeitos são analisados em relação com o marco pandêmico brasileiro, considerando as dimensões sociais, econômicas e políticas do vírus da COVID-19. Entre as temáticas chaves da análise, se destacam: casos de adoecimento, práticas localizadas de isolamento social, práticas de prevenção e gerenciamento de cuidado, vacinação individual e estratégias coletivas de vacinação. Compartilhamos também as respostas cotidianas e ativistas traçadas por trabalhadoras sexuais numa agenda política que se contrapõe à lógica individualista, familiarista, doméstica e neoliberal de isolamento, por meio de perspectivas comunitárias de cuidado, o que se desenhou como a única linha de ação em saúde para a categoria durante a pandemia. As ações coletivas reposicionam o trabalho sexual na interface entre a saúde pública e os direitos humanos e tomam como princípio os conhecimentos das ruas, desde os ativismos, e o poder de decisão delas próprias sobre seus corpos.

Este trabajo presenta los resultados del estudio ¡Yo Quiero Más! La Vida de las Profesionales del Sexo Durante la Pandemia de la COVID-19, parte del programa de investigación comunitaria EPIC. El estudio analizó los efectos de la pandemia en la vida de trabajadoras sexuales cis, trans y travestis en 9 estados y 11 ciudades brasileñas a lo largo del 2020 y del 2021. El artículo se centra en el componente cualitativo del estudio basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas de forma presencial y remota a 43 trabajadoras sexuales y su comparación con el componente cuantitativo. Los efectos se analizan con relación al marco pandémico brasileño, considerando las dimensiones sociales, económicas y políticas del virus de la COVID-19. Entre las temáticas clave del análisis, destacan: casos de enfermedad, prácticas localizadas de aislamiento social, prácticas de prevención y gestión del cuidado, vacunación individual y estrategias colectivas de vacunación. Compartimos también las respuestas cotidianas y activistas esbozadas por las trabajadoras sexuales en una agenda política que se opone a la lógica individualista, familiarista, doméstica y neoliberal del aislamiento, por medio de perspectivas comunitarias de cuidado, lo que se diseñó como la única línea de acción en salud para la categoría durante la pandemia. Las acciones colectivas reposicionan el trabajo sexual en la interfaz entre la salud pública y los derechos humanos y toman como principio el conocimiento de la calle, desde el activismo, y su poder de decisión sobre sus cuerpos.

Brazilian children's quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of contextual factors and dimensions.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the contextual factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) of Brazilian children aged 0-12 years during the strict period of social isolation. METHODS: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 using an online questionnaire on QOL-related family factors and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™). Results were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The sample had 849 children, mostly from the South Region of Brazil (75%), white (83%), with typical development (79%), sedentary (68%), using screen (85%) for >3 h/day (44%). Their mothers were their main caregivers (90%). The following variables were significantly associated with high scores of QOL: typical health status (OR 2.38; 95%CI 1.60-3.55; screen time ≤2 h/day (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.17-2.24); social distancing considered as "easy" (OR 1.67; 95%CI 1.20-2.32), and stimulation of the child by the family (OR 1.93; 95%CI 1.08-3.45). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the family context can influence children's QOL, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic and home environment reorganization.

Health-Related Physical Fitness and Biochemical Parameters in Overweight Older People during Social Isolation Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal and Observational Study.

With COVID-19, evidence indicates that the elderly will have worse biochemical markers related to health in social isolation. The objective was to analyze the impacts on physical fitness and biochemical parameters of older adults' health during COVID-19 social isolation. Quantitative, longitudinal, and observational study was conducted between 2020, 2021, and 2022. Thirty-three older adults of both sexes were evaluated. A sociodemographic questionnaire, biomarkers, and health-related physical fitness were used. Significant differences were observed for the sum of maximum isometric right and left handgrip strength, with a reduction in 2022 (p = 0.009); getting up and walking (p < 0.001), reduction in 2021 and 2022 (p < 0.05); elbow flexion and extension (p = 0.004), reduction in 2021 (p = 0.006); and sitting and standing (p = 0.002), reduction in 2022 (p = 0.003) and peak oxygen consumption (p < 0.001), reduction in 2021 and 2022 (p < 0.05). Differences were observed in fasting blood glucose (p < 0.001), with increase in 2021 and 2022 (p < 0.05), triglycerides (p < 0.001), with increase in 2021 and 2022 (p < 0.05), triglyceride-glucose index (p < 0.001), with increase in 2021 and 2022 (p < 0.05), triglyceride-glucose index with waist circumference (p < 0.001), with increase in 2021 (p < 0.001); and triglyceride-glucose index with body mass index (p < 0.001), with increase in 2021 (p < 0.001). However, no differences were observed between anthropometric and body composition (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Older people had changes in biochemical and physical fitness parameters related to health during the social isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cross-sectional study of self-reported pain related to temporomandibular disorders and emotional state of medical school faculty and students: Post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted in-person activities, which were immediately followed by adaptations to ensure, for example, the continuity of teaching. This generated emotional impacts on the academic community. Emotional states may trigger or emphasize conditions such as temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), causing pain and limiting masticatory function. This study aimed to compare the students and the faculty of a medical school first in terms of the TMD-caused pain they experienced during social isolation and reported two months later, according to their recollections, using the TMD-Pain Screener questionnaire. The second basis for comparison was the emotional state generated by social isolation and its connection with TMD symptoms assessed through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), which considers perceptions at the time of data collection. Both questionnaires were responded to in May 2022 after the end of social isolation. The data were analyzed by the IBM-SPSS software for Windows 22.0 with a 5% level of significance. The results show that the self-reported TMD symptoms were more widespread (p = 0.002) and intense (p = 0.013) among students than among faculty and that all of the former's DASS-21 domains (depression, anxiety, and stress) were also more strongly evident (p<0.05). Only anxiety was more significant among the faculty (p = 0.027). Both groups pointed to social isolation as an aggravating factor of the symptoms (p<0.05). The conclusion is that the self-reported TMD-caused pain and all DASS-21 domains as experienced during social isolation were stronger and more prevalent among students than among faculty, and that only anxiety was statistically significant among faculty. Also, the emotional states resulting from social isolation may have aggravated TMD-caused pain in both groups.

Adolescentes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria durante la pandemia por COVID-19: cambios en vínculos sociales y modalidades de atención / Adolescents with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in social ties and healthcare modalities

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto profundo en la salud de la población joven de todo el mundo y especialmente en personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) por situaciones de estrés, ansiedad y cambios en el acceso a la atención médica. Objetivo. Explorar las percepciones de adolescentes sobre los cambios en sus vínculos sociales y modalidades de atención en pacientes con TCA. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a través de entrevistas en profundidad a adolescentes con TCA en un hospital universitario durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Resultados. Se entrevistó a 15 adolescentes; el 93 % fueron mujeres y la mediana de edad fue 18 años. El 86,6 % tuvo anorexia nerviosa. Los aspectos negativos percibidos más importantes fueron los malestares en la convivencia familiar (80 %) y la disconformidad con los contenidos de las redes sociales sobre la imagen corporal y dietas (73 %). Los aspectos percibidos positivos fueron la ayuda de los pares (66 %) y mejoras en relación con la alimentación (66 %). El principal cambio identificado en comparación con el tratamiento recibido previo a la pandemia por COVID-19 fue el seguimiento virtual por salud mental (73 %). Conclusión. La población adolescente con TCA durante el ASPO manifestó malestar en la convivencia familiar y disconformidad en los contenidos en redes sociales sobre imagen corporal y dietas. Aunque resaltaron como aspectos positivos la ayuda de los pares y mejoras en su alimentación

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the health of young people worldwide, especially on people with eating disorders (EDs) due to the stress, anxiety, and changes experienced in access to health care. Objective. To explore adolescents' perceptions on changes in their social ties and the modalities of health care for patients with EDs. Population and methods. Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with adolescents with EDs seen at a teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. Fifteen adolescents were interviewed; their mean age was 18 years; 93% were girls. Anorexia nervosa was observed in 86.6%. The most relevant negative aspects perceived were discomfort with family life (80%) and dissatisfaction with social media content regarding body image and dieting (73%). The aspects perceived as positive were peer support (66%) and improvements in eating habits (66%). The main change identified regarding the management before the COVID-19 pandemic was online followup by the mental healthcare team (73%). Conclusion. The adolescent population with EDs during the mandatory social isolation period reported discomfort with family life and dissatisfaction with social media content regarding body image and dieting. Notwithstanding this, adolescents highlighted peer support and improvements in their eating habits as positive aspects.

What has a year of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced oral parafunctional habits and temporomandibular disorders? A case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies investigated the influence of oral parafunctional habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since some studies have demonstrated that signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), as well as psychological alterations, increased during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, the aim of this study was to investigate whether social isolation is a situation that increases the prevalence of oral parafunctional habits. METHODS: This was an observational case-control study. An online survey with questions about TMD symptoms (Diagnostic Criteria Symptom Questionnaire) and oral parafunctional habits (Oral Behaviours Checklist [OBC]) was administered to Brazilian residents at two different times (2020 and 2021). The participants were divided according to social isolation practices into study groups (GI: 2020, n = 507; GIII: 2021, n = 282) and control groups (GII: 2020, n = 98; GIV: 2021, n = 202). RESULT: In each group, we evaluated the association of the frequency of oral parafunctional habits with the symptoms of TMD, and we observed that individuals with a greater presence of painful TMD present a greater number of oral parafunctional habits. Despite the literature showing that individuals who practiced social isolation developed more oral parafunctional habits, when analysing the association of the OBC questions in Groups GI × GII and GIII × GIV, only 'sustained talking' (p = .0022) and 'hold telephone between your hand and shoulders' (p = .0124) showed a significant difference in GI × GII. Kendall's coefficient of concordance revealed that there was a very strong concordance (GI × GII 0.9515 (p = .0087) and GIII × GIV 0.9655 (p = .0074)) between the ranks of the analysed oral parafunctional habits in all groups. CONCLUSION: We can state that Individuals who practiced social isolation did not present more oral parafunctional habits than individuals who did not.

Development and validation of a scale to measure social isolation in adolescents.

There is a lack of questionnaires specifically designed to assess social isolation in adolescents. We developed and validated a self-report measure of social isolation in adolescents, the Social Isolation Questionnaire (QIS). A literature review on social isolation and mental health in adolescents indicated 20 questions to form QIS. Two cross-sectional surveys with 48 and 1135 adolescents, respectively, evaluated the reproducibility and validity of QIS. The Bland-Altman plot did not indicate a systematic difference between measurements 15 days apart. Bartlett's sphericity test verified a correlation between the questions and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test showed good adequacy (.896) to the factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis suggested the exclusion of three questions (loading factors <0.3), and eigenvalues (4.9-0.8) indicated that the questionnaire should be composed of three factors (dimensions). The Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency of the 17 questions (0.850 overall; Dimensions: 0.815 'feeling of loneliness'; 0.760 'friendship'; and, 0.680 'Family support'). The QIS score ranged from 0 to 131 (maximum social isolation score). The correlation between QIS and depressive symptoms (r = .543) indicated the construct validity of QIS. We evaluated QIS in the Portuguese version, thus translation and cultural adaptation are necessary to evaluate the questionnaire in other settings. We constructed and validated the QIS questionnaire, a self-administered questionnaire to assess social isolation in adolescents, composed of three dimensions; feelings of loneliness, friendship and family support. The QIS questionnaire seems a very promising tool to support practitioners and researchers in assessing social isolation among adolescents.

Post-weaning social isolation modifies neonatal anoxia-induced changes in energy metabolism and growth of rats.

Neonatal oxygen deficiency in rats may disturb growth and long-term metabolic homeostasis. In order to facilitate metabolic evaluation, the subjects are usually housed individually. However, social isolation associated with individually housed conditions alters animal behavior, which may influence the experimental results. This study investigated the effects of social isolation on neonatal anoxia-induced changes in growth and energy metabolism. Male and female Wistar rats were exposed, on postnatal day 2 (P2), to either 25-min of anoxia or control treatment. From P27 onward, part of the subjects of each group was isolated in standard cages, and the remaining subjects were housed in groups. At P34 or P95, the subjects were fasted for 18 h, refeed for 1 h, and then perfused 30 min later. Glycemia, leptin, insulin, and morphology of the pancreas were evaluated at both ages. For subjects perfused at P95, body weight and food intake were recorded up to P90, and the brain was collected for Fos and NeuN immunohistochemistry. Results showed that male rats exposed to neonatal anoxia and social isolation exhibited increased body weight gain despite the lack of changes in food intake. In addition, social isolation (1) decreased post-fasting weight loss and post-fasting food intake and (2) increased glycemia, insulin, and leptin levels of male and female rats exposed to anoxia and control treatments, both at P35 and P95. Furthermore, although at P35, anoxia increased insulin levels of males, it decreased the area of the ß-positive cells in the pancreas of females. At P95, anoxia increased post-prandial weight loss of males, post-fasting food intake, insulin, and leptin, and decreased Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of males and females. Hyperphagia was associated with possible resistance to leptin and insulin, suspected by the high circulating levels of these hormones and poor neuronal activation of ARC. This study demonstrated that continuous social isolation from weaning modifies, in a differentiated way, the long-term energy metabolism and growth of male and female Wistar rats exposed to neonatal anoxia or even control treatments. Therefore, social isolation should be considered as a factor that negatively influences experimental results and the outcomes of the neonatal injury. These results should also be taken into account in clinical procedures, since the used model simulates the preterm babies' conditions and some therapeutic approaches require isolation.

Adolescents with eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in social ties and healthcare modalities. / Adolescentes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria durante la pandemia por COVID-19: cambios en vínculos sociales y modalidades de atención.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the health of young people worldwide, especially on people with eating disorders (EDs) due to the stress, anxiety, and changes experienced in access to health care. Objective. To explore adolescents' perceptions on changes in their social ties and the modalities of health care for patients with EDs. Population and methods. Qualitative study using in-depth interviews with adolescents with EDs seen at a teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. Fifteen adolescents were interviewed; their mean age was 18 years; 93% were girls. Anorexia nervosa was observed in 86.6%. The most relevant negative aspects perceived were discomfort with family life (80%) and dissatisfaction with social media content regarding body image and dieting (73%). The aspects perceived as positive were peer support (66%) and improvements in eating habits (66%). The main change identified regarding the management before the COVID-19 pandemic was online followup by the mental healthcare team (73%). Conclusion. The adolescent population with EDs during the mandatory social isolation period reported discomfort with family life and dissatisfaction with social media content regarding body image and dieting. Notwithstanding this, adolescents highlighted peer support and improvements in their eating habits as positive aspects.

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto profundo en la salud de la población joven de todo el mundo y especialmente en personas con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) por situaciones de estrés, ansiedad y cambios en el acceso a la atención médica. Objetivo. Explorar las percepciones de adolescentes sobre los cambios en sus vínculos sociales y modalidades de atención en pacientes con TCA. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo a través de entrevistas en profundidad a adolescentes con TCA en un hospital universitario durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Resultados. Se entrevistó a 15 adolescentes; el 93 % fueron mujeres y la mediana de edad fue 18 años. El 86,6 % tuvo anorexia nerviosa. Los aspectos negativos percibidos más importantes fueron los malestares en la convivencia familiar (80 %) y la disconformidad con los contenidos de las redes sociales sobre la imagen corporal y dietas (73 %). Los aspectos percibidos positivos fueron la ayuda de los pares (66 %) y mejoras en relación con la alimentación (66 %). El principal cambio identificado en comparación con el tratamiento recibido previo a la pandemia por COVID-19 fue el seguimiento virtual por salud mental (73 %). Conclusión. La población adolescente con TCA durante el ASPO manifestó malestar en la convivencia familiar y disconformidad en los contenidos en redes sociales sobre imagen corporal y dietas. Aunque resaltaron como aspectos positivos la ayuda de los pares y mejoras en su alimentación.

Social isolation and post-weaning environmental enrichment effects on rat emotional behavior and serotonergic system.

Social isolation (SI) is related to adverse neurobehavioral effects and neurochemical changes when it occurs early in development. On the other hand, environmental enrichment (EE) is associated with a reduction in anxiety-like and depression-like behavior, as well as an increase in serotonin (5-HT) levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in rodents. This study systematically reviewed the effects of SI and EE on emotional behavior and serotonergic system components in rats after weaning. Primary experimental studies that used subgroups of rats subjected to SI, EE, and normal social conditions after weaning were considered eligible. Studies that used transgenic rodents, ex vivo studies, in vitro studies, human research, or in silico studies were ineligible. Two authors completed searches in Medline/PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Open Gray. The Kappa index was calculated to assess agreement between reviewers and assess study quality. The results showed that the animals exposed to EE showed better adaptation to a new environment. Furthermore, EE increased 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rodents. Thus, it appears that an EE during the critical period of development may reduce anxiety/depression-like behaviors, as well as increase long-term neurotransmitter response.

Sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association with physical activity and screen time among Brazilian college students.

BACKGROUND: As a result of social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in sleep patterns have been observed in many countries, as well as changes in physical activity and screen time. The objective was to investigate sleep duration and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with physical activity and screen time. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with students from a University in Rio de Janeiro who answered an online questionnaire between August 2020 and March 2021. Physical activity was assessed using IPAQ-SF. Sleep was investigated based on questions about duration and sleep quality change, and screen time through self-reported questions. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to assess the association between physical activity and screen time with sleep duration and quality. Secondary analyses investigated the influence of the isolation time on this association. The confounding factors used were diagnosis of COVID-19, time of isolation, anxiety, depression, skin color, and gender. RESULTS: A total of 771 college students with a mean age of 24.5 years (±8.6) answered the questionnaire. About 75% reported more than 8 h of screen time per day and 49.8% were physically inactive. Regarding sleep, 54.9% had worsening sleep, while 40.6% had inadequate sleep duration during the pandemic. Physical activity was associated with improved sleep quality (Odds ratio (OR) 1.72; confidence interval (95% CI) 1.05-2.97). Also, physically active students who spent more than 14 weeks in social isolation demonstrated improved sleep quality (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.02-3.78) compared to physically inactive individuals. No association was observed for sleep duration. No association was observed between screen time and sleep quality, or sleep duration. CONCLUSION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was considerable worsening of sleep quality, and physical activity was positively associated with improved sleep quality.

Factors associated with poor health literacy in older adults: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with poor health literacy in older adults. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted, employing the descriptors "Aged" and "Health Literacy". PROSPERO - CRD: 42022350140. RESULTS: Out of 23,500 articles screened, 176 were selected. Several factors associated with poor health literacy in older adults were identified, such as sociodemographic (e.g., advanced age, low educational level, non-white population, and others), social (e.g., poor family/social support, loneliness, social isolation, few social activities, and others), economic (e.g., lower income and/or lower socioeconomic status) and health aspects (e.g., poor health, chronic conditions, mental health challenges, hospitalizations, frailty, physical inactivity, cognitive impairment, and others). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with poor health literacy in older adults identified in this review could contribute to future research, support interventions to improve health literacy, and assist professionals in planning educational activities and public policies.

Mães em quarentena: maternidade em tempos de isolamento social decorrente da Covid-19 / Madres en cuarentena: la maternidad en tiempos de aislamiento social y Covid-19 / Mothers in quarantine: motherhood in times of social isolation due to Covid-19 pandemic

RESUMO Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o impacto do isolamento social decorrente da pandemia de Covid-19 sobre a vida familiar, com ênfase na vivência da maternidade e na relação com os filhos. Participaram 20 mães de camadas sociais médias, de 29 a 45 anos, que mantinham atividades laborais a distância e estavam em isolamento social. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais em profundidade por meio digital. O material coletado foi transcrito e submetido à análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados mostraram que as mudanças impostas pela pandemia impactaram diretamente a vida familiar, explicitando as desigualdades de gênero na organização da rotina, distribuição de tarefas domésticas e cuidados parentais. Observou-se uma relação ambivalente das mães com a maternidade e com seus imperativos sociais, que reverberam no vínculo que estabelecem com seus filhos. A análise revela que a sobrecarga emocional e física contribui para exacerbar sentimentos de culpa e solidão vivenciados na relação com a maternidade, além de evidenciar conflitos no desempenho dos papéis de mãe, esposa e profissional. As entrevistadas demonstraram exaustão com as demandas domésticas e de cuidados com os filhos, além de conflitos relacionados ao descompasso entre expectativas e padrões sociais que regulam o exercício da maternidade e suas experiências pessoais como mães. As conclusões sugerem a presença de uma crise identitária relacionada aos ideais sociais vinculados às vivências da maternidade, o que convida a pensar na urgência de se olhar para o sofrimento materno, buscando compreender as dimensões subjetivas das transformações que perpassam essa experiência na vigência do isolamento social.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos del aislamiento social resultante de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la vida familiar, con énfasis en la experiencia de la maternidad y la relación con los niños. Participaron 20 madres de estratos sociales medios, de 29 a 45 años de edad, que mantenían actividades laborales a distancia y se encontraban en aislamiento social. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales exhaustivas por medios digitales. El material recopilado se transcribió y se sometió a un análisis de contenido temático. Los resultados mostraron que los cambios impuestos por la pandemia afectaban directamente a la vida familiar, lo que explicaba las desigualdades de género en la organización rutinaria, la distribución de las tareas domésticas y el cuidado de los niños. Se observó una relación ambivalente entre las madres y la maternidad y sus imperativos sociales, que reverberaban en el vínculo que establecen con sus hijos. El análisis revela que la sobrecarga emocional y física contribuye a exacerbar los sentimientos de culpa y soledad experimentados en la relación con la maternidad, además de mostrar conflictos en el desempeño de los papeles de madre, esposa y profesional. Las mujeres entrevistadas mostraron agotamiento con las demandas domésticas y el cuidado de sus hijos, además de conflictos relacionados con el desajuste entre las expectativas y las normas sociales que regulan el ejercicio de la maternidad y sus experiencias personales como madres. Las conclusiones sugieren la presencia de una crisis de identidad ligada a los ideales sociales vinculados a las experiencias de la maternidad, lo que invita a pensar en la urgencia de mirar el sufrimiento materno, tratando de comprender las dimensiones subjetivas de las transformaciones en tiempos de aislamiento social.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the impacts of the social isolation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic on family life, with emphasis on the experience of motherhood and the relationship with children. Twenty mothers from the middle social strata, from 29 to 45 years old, who kept working activities at a distance and were in social isolation, participated. In-depth individual interviews were conducted by digital means. The collected material was transcribed and submitted to thematic content analysis. The results showed that the changes imposed by the pandemic directly impacted family life, highlighting gender inequalities in routine organization, distribution of household tasks and parental care. An ambivalent relationship was observed between mothers and maternity and their social imperatives, which reverberated in the bond they establish with their children. The analysis reveals that emotional and physical burden contributes to exacerbate feelings of guilt and loneliness experienced in the relationship with motherhood, in addition to showing conflicts in the performance of the roles of mother, wife and professional. The women interviewed showed exhaustion with domestic and child care demands, in addition to conflicts related to the mismatch between expectations and social standards that regulate the exercise of motherhood and their personal experiences as mothers. The conclusions suggest the presence of an identity crisis due to the social ideals linked to the experiences of motherhood, which invites us to think about the urgency of looking at maternal suffering, seeking to understand the subjective dimensions of the transformations that this experience goes through in the times of social isolation.

A desqualificação das histórias (in)familiares: análise discursiva na suspensão e destituição do poder familiar / The disqualification of (unfamilar)family histories: discursive analysis in the suspension and destitution of family power / La descalificación de los relatos (intra)familiares: análisis discursivo en la suspensión y remoción del poder familiar / La disqualification des histoires (non)familières: analyse discursive dans la suspension et la suppression du pouvoir familial

Resumo Este estudo analisou o percurso de quatro famílias, destituídas do poder familiar, pelo Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente no Brasil. A análise do discurso de orientação psicanalítica foi empregada no corpus de informações de cada caso, compreendido por documentos relativos ao acompanhamento dos casos e entrevistas, realizadas com familiares e agentes institucionais. Os resultados apontam para formações discursivas que naturalizam ações judiciais punitivas de suspensão ou destituição do poder familiar, aplicadas hegemonicamente às famílias pobres, nas quais as mulheres são as principais culpabilizadas pelas falhas na gestão de cuidados. Verifica-se, também, a descontinuidade do acompanhamento, retomado quando há repetição da aplicação dessas medidas protetivas, assumindo a característica sintomática de falha. A escuta dos atores desses processos surge como uma estratégia de retificação subjetiva, ultrapassando práticas prescritivas e normativas, ratificadoras da exclusão e de criminalização da pobreza, particularmente das famílias negras.

Abstract This study analyzes the journey of four families, deprived of family power, by the Child and Adolescent Rights Guarantee System in Brazil. The psychoanalytically discourse analysis was used in the corpus of information of each case, comprised of documents relating to the accompaniment of the cases and interviews, carried out with family members and institutional agents. The results point to discursive formations that naturalizes punitive judicial actions of suspension or destitution of family power, hegemonically applied to poor families, in which women are considered as the main culprits for failures in care management. There is also discontinuity in follow-ups, resumed when the application of these protective measures is repeated, assuming the symptomatic characteristic of failure. Listening to the actors in these processes emerges as a subjective rectification strategy, going beyond prescriptive and normative practices, which ratify exclusion and the criminalization of poverty, particularly of black families.

Resumen Este estudio analizó la historia de cuatro familias, privadas de poder familiar por el Sistema de Garantía de los Derechos del Niño y del Adolescente de Brasil. El análisis del discurso de orientación psicoanalítica se utilizó en el corpus de datos de cada caso, compuesto por documentos relativos al seguimiento de los casos, y entrevistas, realizadas con familiares y agentes institucionales. Los resultados apuntan a formaciones discursivas que naturalizan acciones judiciales punitivas de suspensión o remoción del poder familiar, aplicadas hegemónicamente a familias pobres, en las que las mujeres son las principales culpabilizadas de los fallos en la gestión del cuidado. También existe discontinuidad en el seguimiento, que se reanuda cuando se repite la aplicación de estas medidas protectoras, asumiendo la característica sintomática de fallo. La escucha de los actores de estos procesos es una estrategia de rectificación subjetiva, superando las prácticas prescriptivas y normativas que ratifican la exclusión y criminalizan la pobreza, en especial de las familias negras.

Résumé Cette étude a analysé le parcours de quatre familles, privées de pouvoir familial, par le Système de Garantie des Droits de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent au Brésil. L'analyse du discours d'orientation psychanalytique a été utilisée dans le corpus d'informations de chaque cas, composé de documents relatifs au suivi des cas et d'entretiens, réalisés avec des membres de la famille et des agents institutionnels. Les résultats indiquent des formations discursives qui naturalisent les actions judiciaires punitives de suspension ou de suppression du pouvoir familial, appliquées de manière hégémonique aux familles pauvres, dans lesquelles les femmes sont considérées les principales responsables des échecs de la gestion des soins. Il existe également une discontinuité dans le suivi, repris lors de la répétition de l'application de ces mesures de protection, assumant le caractère symptomatique de l'échec. L'écoute des acteurs de ces processus apparaît comme une stratégie de rectification subjective, dépassant les pratiques prescriptives et normatives, qui entérinent l'exclusion et la criminalisation de la pauvreté, notamment des familles noires.

Impact of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the mood profile of active and sedentary older adults: physical activity as a protective factor.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has changed our habits and lifestyle due to social isolation and mobility restrictions. This new scenario, together with the fear of contracting the coronavirus, influenced mental health, especially among older adults, who presented reductions in social contact and physical activity (PA). Thus, the objective of the study was to analyze the impact caused by social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic on the mood states of active and sedentary older adults. Methods: This is an observational study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults aged over 60 years, who were registered in the database of the Secretariat for the Promotion of Citizenship from a city in southern Brazil, participated in the research. An online questionnaire was applied with questions about sociodemographic characteristics, level of PA, confinement, and mood states in two periods: May 2020 and June 2021. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the mood states of active and inactive individuals during the pandemic. Results: One hundred and fifty participants answered the questionnaire, of which 80 (53.3%) reported practicing PA. More active older adults suffered fewer changes in mood when compared to inactive older adults, with lower levels of confusion (p = 0.035), depression (p = 0.002), and fatigue (p = 0.000). Older adults confined for more than 50 days were more likely to develop depression. In addition, the mood state correlated with the variable fear of contracting the coronavirus; the greater the fear, the greater the mental confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension, and the lower the vigor in the older adults. The practice of PA is also correlated with the mood state; the greater the number of hours dedicated to PA, the lower the confusion, depression, fatigue, and tension of the older adults. Conclusion: The practice of PA positively influenced the mental health of older adults during periods of isolation and social restrictions. PA has a protective factor for the development of mental health problems and improves mood states, with greater time performing PA leading to more benefits.

Instagram e COVID-19: recursos para promoção de saúde de gestantes e puérperas / Instagram and COVID-19: resources for health promotion of pregnant women and mothers / Instagram e COVID-19: recursos para la promoción de la salud de las mujeres embarazadas y las que han dado a luz recientemente

A pandemia da COVID-19 resultou em grande estresse, especialmente para populações mais vulneráveis, como mulheres grávidas e no pós-parto. Devido ao isolamento social, durante o início do período pandêmico, as redes sociais tornaram-se recursos importantes para informar e promover saúde e bem--estar. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma proposta psicoeducativa de intervenção positiva na forma de posts para o Instagram e sua validade de conteúdo para o enfrentamento do estresse provocado pela pandemia por gestantes e puérperas no ano de 2020. A validade de conteúdo foi avaliada por 64 juízas, que analisaram 29 posts adotando uma escala Likert de 5 pontos para validar linguagem, relevância, pertinência e apresentação da proposta. Observou-se coeficientes de validade de conteúdo acima do ponto de corte (≥ 0.80) para todos os critérios, o que indica a adequação da proposta para enfrentar os estressores da pandemia pela população alvo. Dessa forma, confirmou-se a possibilidade de utilização das mídias sociais visando o aumento no acesso a materiais de qualidade que promovem a democratização do cuidado à saúde mental. (AU)

The COVID-19 pandemic has induced significant stress, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as pregnant and postpartum women. Given the social isolation measures implemented at the onset of the pandemic, social media has emerged as a vital tool for disseminating health information and promoting well-being. This study aims to present a psychoeducational inter-vention proposal in the form of Instagram posts and assess its content validity in addressing pandemic-induced stress among pregnant and postpartum women in the year 2020. Content validity was evaluated by 64 female judges who assessed 29 posts using a 5-point Likert scale to validate language, relevance, pertinence, and presentation of the proposal. Results indicated content validity coefficients exceeding the established threshold (≥ 0.80) for all criteria, affirming the suitability of the proposal for mitigating pandemic--related stressors among the target population. Thus, the utilization of social media to enhance access to high-quality resources promoting mental health care democratization is confirmed. (AU)

La pandemia de COVID-19 resultó en un gran estrés, especialmente para pobla-ciones más vulnerables, como mujeres embarazadas y postparto. Debido al aislamiento social durante el periodo pandémico, las redes sociales se volvieron en recursos importantes para informar y promover la salud y el bienestar. El objetivo del estudio es presentar una propuesta psicoeducativa de inter-vención positiva en forma de posts para Instagram y su validez de contenido para el enfrentamiento del estrés provocado por la pandemia por gestantes y puérperas en el año de 2020. La validez del contenido fue evaluada por 64 jueces, que analizaron 29 posts adoptando una escala Likert de 5 puntos para validar lenguaje, relevancia, pertinencia y presentación de la propuesta. Se observaron coeficientes de validez de contenido por encima del punto de corte (≥ 0.80) para todos los criterios, lo que indica la adecuación de la propuesta para enfrentar los estresores de la pandemia por parte de la población obje-tivo. Así, sabemos que es posible utilizar las redes sociales para incrementar el acceso a materiales de calidad que promuevan la democratización de la atención de la salud. (AU)

Solidão e sobrecarga materna em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19 à luz da escuta psicanalítica dos vínculos / Loneliness and maternal burden of care in times of COVID-19 pandemic in the light of psychoanalytic listening to bonds / Soledad y sobrecarga materna en tiempos de pandemia COVID-19 a la luz de la escucha psicoanalítica de los vínculos

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o impacto do confinamento doméstico provocado pela pandemia de COVID-19 sobre o exercício da maternidade em mulheres trabalhadoras em situação de home office. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, com delineamento longitudinal e referencial teórico da psicanálise dos vínculos. Entre abril e julho de 2020 foram realizadas entrevistas on-line com 20 mães de camadas sociais médias, de 29 a 45 anos. Um ano depois foram realizadas novas entrevistas com 10 participantes, todas transcritas e analisadas por meio da análise temática. Os resultados apontaram que, em comparação com o período inicial da pandemia, as mães mostraram-se próximas do esgotamento físico e psíquico devido ao excesso de trabalho contínuo e falta de apoio social e familiar, com impactos deletérios na saúde mental das participantes, relatos de sofrimento e desamparo psicológico. A busca pela medicalização revela uma percepção individualizada do problema e uma tentativa de demonstrar estoicismo para atenuar o sofrimento decorrente dessa experiência. (AU)

This study aimed to analyze how domestic confinement resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic impacted motherhood among working women in a home office situation. This was an exploratory study, employing a longitudinal design and the theoretical framework of the psychoanalysis of bonds. Between April and July 2020, online interviews were conducted with 20 mothers from middle social strata, aged 29 to 45. One year later, new interviews were conducted with 10 participants, all transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. The results showed that, compared to the initial period of the pandemic, mothers were close to physical and psychological exhaustion due to continuous overwork and lack of social and family support. These factors had deleterious impacts on the participants' mental health, leading to reports of suffering and psychological helplessness. The search for medicalization reveals an individualized perception of the problem and an attempt to demonstrate stoicism to mitigate the suffering resulting from this experience. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto del confinamiento doméstico debido a la pandemia de COVID-19 en la maternidad de mujeres trabajadora en situación de teletrabajo. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, con diseño longitudinal y marco teórico del psicoanálisis de los vínculos. Entre abril y julio de 2020 se realizaron entrevistas online a 20 madres de clases sociales medias, de 29 a 45 años; un año después, se realizaron nuevas entrevistas con 10 participantes. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas mediante análisis temático. Los resultados mostraron que, en comparación con el período inicial de la pandemia, las madres experimentaron un acercamiento al agotamiento físico y psicológico por el exceso de trabajo y la falta de apoyo social y familiar, con impactos deletéreos en la salud mental de las participantes, relatos de sufrimiento e impotencia psicológica. La búsqueda de la medicalización revela una percepción individualizada del problema y un intento de demostrar estoicismo para aliviar el sufrimiento resultante de esta experiencia. (AU)

Relações de amizade nos transtornos alimentares: revisão integrativa da literatura / Friendship relationships in eating disorders: an integrative literature review / Relaciones de amistad en los trastornos alimentarios: revisión integradora

Ainda é desconhecido o papel da amizade enquanto constitutiva da rede de apoio social nos transtornos alimentares (TAs). Esta revisão integrativa teve por objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre relações de amizade em pessoas com TAs. Foram consultadas as bases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science e EMBASE, de 2010 a 2020. Dos 1126 artigos recuperados, 15 preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. A maioria tem abordagem qualitativa e delineamento transversal, sem indicar referencial teórico. Aspectos qualitativos das relações de amizade foram associados com redução da frequência e intensidade de sintomas quando o vínculo era considerado de boa qualidade. Já amizades que envolviam comentários depreciativos e influências negativas acerca do corpo e hábitos alimentares foram considerados fatores de risco para desencadeamento dos transtornos. Investir na qualidade dos relacionamentos entre pares pode contribuir para fortalecer a rede de proteção social e reduzir a vulnerabilidade psicossocial de adolescentes com risco para desenvolver TAs. (AU)

There is still little knowledge about the role of friendship within the social support network in eating disorders (EDs). This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific production about friendship relationships in people with EDs. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases in the period from 2010 to 2020. Among the 1126 articles retrieved, 15 met the eligibility criteria, most with a qualitative approach and cross-sectional design, without indicating a theoretical framework. The qualitative aspects of friendship were associated with a reduced frequency and intensity of symptoms when the bond was considered to be of good quality. On the other hand, friendships that involved derogatory comments and negative influences related to body image and eating habits emerged as potential risk factors for triggering disorders. Investing in the quality of peer relationships can contribute to strengthening the social safety net and reducing the psychosocial vulnerability of adolescents at higher risk for developing EDs. (AU)

El papel de la amistad como constitutiva de la red de apoyo social en los trastornos alimentarios (TAs) es aún desconocido. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la producción científica sobre las relaciones de amistad en personas con TAs. Se consultaron las bases PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science e EMBASE, entre 2010 y 2020. De los 1126 artículos recuperados, 15 cumplían los criterios de elegibilidad. La mayoría tiene enfoque cualitativo y diseño transversal, sin indicar el marco teórico. Los aspectos cualitativos de las relaciones de amistad se asociaron con una menor frecuencia/intensidad de los síntomas cuando el vínculo se consideraba de buena calidad. Amistades que implicaban comentarios despectivos e influencias negativas sobre el cuerpo y los hábitos alimentarios se consideraron factores de riesgo. Invertir en la calidad de las relaciones entre pares puede contribuir a reforzar la red de protección social y reducir la vulnerabilidad de adolescentes con riesgo de desarrollar TAs. (AU)

Covid-19 e o uso de tecnologias informacionais e de comunicação por pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa / Covid-19 and the use of information and communication technologies by older people: integrative review / Covid-19 y el uso de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación por parte de las personas mayores: revisión integradora

Acrise sanitária ocasionada pela COVID-19 fomentou o desenvolvimento e uso das plataformas digitais e, consequentemente, a população idosa precisou se adaptar ao uso desses recursos. Objetivo:Investigar o uso das tecnologias digitais pela população idosa durante o contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Metodologia:Revisão integrativa realizada entre os meses de janeiro a março de 2022, de artigos publicados na íntegra em português e inglês, disponíveis na Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), National Library of Medicine (NLM-PubMed) e PubMed. Foram utilizados os descritores "aged/elderly" AND "covid-19/sars-cov-2/coronavírus" AND "information and communication technology", sendo selecionados e analisados nove estudos. Resultados:a população idosa utilizou diversos recursos tecnológicos durante a pandemia, com intuito de auxiliar o processo de comunicação, proporcionar distração e lazer, e obter auxílio e atendimento de saúde. Conclusões:Durante o isolamento social, o uso de tecnologias pela população idosa possibilitou interação social e acesso aos mais diversos recursos para busca de informações, além de amenizar a solidão e reduzir a exposição ao risco de infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 (AU).

The health crisis brought about by COVID-19 prompted the development and use of digital platforms and, consequently, theneed for theelderly population to adapt to the use of these resources. Objective:to investigate the use of digital technologies by older peopleduring the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method:This is an integrative review carried out between January and March 2022 of articles published in Portuguese and English, available in full in the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), National Library of Medicine (NLM-PubMed) and PubMed. The descriptors "aged/elderly" AND "covid-19/sars-cov-2/coronavirus" AND "information and communication technology" were used, and nine studies were selected and analyzed. Results:The elderly population used various technological resources during the pandemic to assist in theircommunication process, provide distraction and leisure, and get help and health care. Conclusion:During social distancing, the use of technologies by the elderly population allowed social interaction and access to the most diverse resources for searching for information, in addition to alleviating loneliness and reducing exposure to the risk of infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (AU).

La crisis sanitaria provocada por el COVID-19 fomentó el desarrollo y uso de plataformas digitales y, en consecuencia, la población anciana necesitó adaptarse al uso de estos recursos. Objetivo:Investigar el uso de las tecnologías digitales por parte delas personas mayores durante el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología:Revisión integradora realizada entre enero y marzo de 2022 de artículos publicados en portugués e inglés, disponibles íntegramente en la Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (NLM-PubMed) y PubMed. Se utilizaron los descriptores "aged/elderly" AND "covid-19/sars-cov-2/coronavírus" AND "information and communication technology", y se seleccionaron y analizaron nueve estudios. Resultados:Se identificó el uso de diversos recursos tecnológicos en la vida cotidiana de los ancianos, especialmente para ayudar en el proceso de comunicación, proporcionar distracción y ocio, así como para obtener asistencia y cuidadossanitarios. Conclusiones: Durante el aislamiento social, el uso de la tecnología por las personas mayorespermitió la interacción social y el acceso a una amplia gama de recursos de búsqueda de información, además de aliviar la soledad sin favorecer la exposición al riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 (AU).

Escala de Percepção de Risco sobre Covid-19/Isolamento Social: Propriedades Psicométricas / Escala de Percepción de Riesgo sobre Covid-19 y Aislamiento Social: Propiedades Psicométricas / Psychometric Properties of Risk Perception Scale about Covid-19 and Social Isolation (RPSCI)

Risk perception is a concept related to the decision-making process and allows people to perceive the hazards surrounding the context and choose the best preventive methods to avoid them. The COVID-19 pandemic was a remarkable era in which people had to adopt protective methods, such as social isolation, to reduce the possibility of being contaminated by the virus. This study covers the development, psychometric properties, and norms of a scale to assess Risk Perception regarding COVID-19 and Social Isolation. The analysis suggested good expert agreement regarding the adequacy of the scale content and items and factor analysis suggested two factors, called the emotional and cognitive domains. The composite reliability suggested the internal consistency of the scale and its factors. All the results of this study suggest that this scale presents evidence of construct validity, constituting a reliable instrument. This new instrument may be used to evaluate risk perception related to COVID-19 and Social Isolation.

La percepción del riesgo es un concepto relacionado con el proceso de toma de decisiones y permite a las personas percibir los peligros en el contexto y elegir los mejores métodos de prevención para evitarlos. La pandemia de COVID-19 es una era notable en la que las personas deben adoptar métodos, como el aislamiento social, para reducir la posibilidad de ser contaminados por el virus. Este estudio proporciona el desarrollo, las propiedades psicométricas y las normas de una escala para evaluar Percepción de Riesgo sobre el COVID-19 y el Aislamiento Social. El análisis sugirió un buen acuerdo de expertos sobre el ajuste del contenido y la escala de ítems y el análisis factorial apuntó dos factores denominados dominios emocional y cognitivo. La confiabilidad compuesta sugirió consistencia interna de la escala y sus factores. Todos los resultados de este estudio proponen que esta escala presenta evidencia de validez de constructo y es un instrumento confiable. Este nuevo instrumento podrá ser utilizado para evaluar la percepción de riesgo sobre el COVID-19 y el aislamiento social.

A percepção de risco é um conceito relacionado ao processo de tomada de decisão e permite que as pessoas percebam os perigos em torno do contexto e escolham os melhores métodos de prevenção para evitá-los. A pandemia do COVID-19 é uma era marcante em que as pessoas devem adotar métodos de proteção, como o isolamento social, para reduzir a possibilidade de serem contaminados pelo vírus. Este estudo fornece o desenvolvimento, as propriedades psicométricas e normas de uma escala para avaliar Percepção de Risco sobre COVID-19 e Isolamento Social. A análise sugeriu boa concordância dos especialistas sobre o ajuste de conteúdo e itens da escala, e a análise fatorial sugeriu dois fatores denominados domínios emocionais e cognitivos. A confiabilidade composta sugeriu a consistência interna da escala e seus fatores. Todos os resultados deste estudo sugerem que esta escala apresenta evidências de validade de construto, sendo um instrumento confiável. Este novo instrumento poderá ser utilizado para avaliar a percepção de risco sobre a COVID-19 e o Isolamento Social.