Garlic burn trauma of the oral mucosa in a patient with trigeminal neuralgia: A case report.

Garlic is one of the most common medicinal plants used since ancient times to treat diverse diseases within several cultures worldwide. Nevertheless, this plant has the potential to cause chemical burns of the skin and mucosa. This report presents a case of a garlic burn in the palate of a 57-year-old woman who applied garlic to the palate to relieve the pain of trigeminal neuralgia. This case demonstrates the potential of garlic to cause chemical burns to the oral mucosa and raises an alert to oral health professionals regarding inappropriate self-treatment methods.

The Influence of Plants from the Alliaceae Family on Morphological Parameters of the Intestine in Atherogenic Rats.

Bulbs from the Alliaceae family have been well-known and valued spices for thousands of years, not only for their unique flavor and aroma features, but also for their high nutritional and health-promoting values. Long-term or excessive consumption of these vegetables, especially raw garlic, can have side effects in the body (including in the digestive tract), causing a number of pathological changes in the intestinal wall; these changes lead, in turn, to its damage, dysfunction, and disorder development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of freeze-dried vegetables from the Alliaceae family, i.e., garlic (Allium sativum L.), white onion, and red onion (Allium cepa L.) on the morphometric parameters (intestinal villi length, crypt depth, thickness of tunica mucosa, and the thickness of tunica muscle) of the jejunum of rats fed a semi-synthetic atherogenic diet (1% dietary cholesterol). In freeze-dried vegetables administered to rats, the contents of selected bioactive ingredients and their antioxidant potentials were determined. The effect of the onion vegetable supplements on growth parameters, serum lipid profile, plasma antioxidant potential, and the intestinal morphological parameters of rats loaded with cholesterol was determined. In an animal experiment, 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 5 diet groups, diet consumption and FER were studied. Supplementation of the atherogenic diet with vegetables improved the blood plasma lipid profiles and atherogenic indices, in a manner that was dependent on the type of supplementation used, with the best hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects found in garlic use. The atherogenic diet, as well as the supplementation of this diet with the tested vegetables from the Alliaceae family, influenced the histological changes in the epithelium of the jejunum of rats. The damage to the intestinal mucosa was the greatest in animals fed an atherogenic diet supplemented with garlic. Bearing in mind that the desired beneficial therapeutic or prophylactic effects of onion vegetables (in particular garlic) in the course of various metabolic ailments (including atherosclerosis) are achieved during long-term supplementation, it is important to remember their possible cytotoxic effects (e.g., on the digestive tract) in order to achieve real benefits related to the supplementation with vegetables from the Alliaceae family.

Garlic-induced face burn.

There is inadequate research and study into the use of garlic and other herbal medicine in clinical practice; accordingly, the general population should be cautious when using such complementary and herbal treatments. We report a case which highlights the potential complications following the application of garlic-related naturopathic remedies mostly on skin burns.

Garlic burn injuries- a systematic review of reported cases.

Medicinal plants have many beneficial effects on human health. Garlic (Allium sativum, Alliaceae) is one of the most famous herbal species, used for various diseases and conditions. Unfortunately, garlic is also associated with adverse effects, including cutaneous manifestations. In this review, burn injuries caused by application of raw garlic are reported. Searching through PubMed, Google Scholar and ResearchGate, a total of 32 articles with 39 patients were found. Demographics of patients, reasons for garlic use, details on garlic application, as well as description of burns and its treatment are thoroughly described and discussed. In most of the cases, garlic caused second-degree burns, although some circumstances can cause formation of necrotic tissue. Various body parts were affected, legs being most common. The chemistry of garlic is also presented, with focus on volatile organic sulfur compounds, which also seem to be responsible for burns formation. Treatment of garlic burns was mainly symptomatic, and various types of drugs were used. Although not commonly expected, garlic should be taken into consideration as causative agents of burns by treating doctors, and patients should be advised against application of fresh garlic onto skin and mucosa.

Eficacia de la tintura de ajo al 20 por ciento en pacientes asmáticos. Policlínico 13 de Marzo. 2018 –2019 / Efficacy of 20% garlic tincture in asthmatic patients. Polyclinic March 13. 2018–2019

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, con modelo cuasi experimental en los pacientes asmáticos pertenecientes del Policlínico 13 de Marzo, con el objetivo de evaluar la eficacia de la tintura de ajo al 20 por ciento en el tratamiento intercrisis del Asma Bronquial, en el período comprendido de enero de 2018 a mayo de 2019. El Universo estuvo representado por 88 pacientes asmáticos entre 20-59 años de edad dispensarizados en el consultorio 25. La muestra quedó constituida por 84 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión. Los pacientes fueron distribuidos de forma aleatoria, en dos grupos control y experimental, utilizando la tabla de números aleatorios computarizados, en una proporción pareada de 1:1. Se empleó la prueba de diferencia de proporciones para muestras independientes y se trabajó con un nivel de significación p=0,05. Con este proyecto se contribuyó al desarrollo de la medicina natural y tradicional en nuestro país. Se demostró la eficacia de la tintura de ajo en el 97.6 por ciento de los pacientes. Los hombres fueron los más afectados por las crisis y se reportaron 3 efectos adversos de forma leve(AU)

A prospective study was carried out, with a quasi-experimental model in asthmatic patients belonging to the 13 de Marzo Polyclinic, with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of the 20 percent garlic tincture in the inter-crisis treatment of Bronchial Asthma, in the period from January from 2018 to May 2019. El universo was represented by 88 asthmatic patients between 20-59 years of age dispensed in the office 25. The sample consisted of 84 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were randomized into two control and experimental groups, using the table of computerized random numbers, in a paired ratio of 1: 1. The difference of proportions test was used for independent samples and the level of significance was p = 0.05. This project contributed to the development of natural and traditional medicine in our country. The efficacy of garlic tincture was demonstrated in 97.6 percent of patients. Men were the most affected by the seizures and 3 mild adverse effects were reported(EU)

Recurrent Type III Kounis Syndrome: Will Anti-Immunoglobulin E Drug Be Another Option?

Kounis syndrome was recognized as the concurrence of acute cardiovascular events with hypersensitivity reactions. We report a case of Kounis syndrome type III (coronary thrombosis) variant in a 48-year-old man who had experienced recurrent acute myocardial infarctions after scallion-induced hypersensitivity reactions. After appropriate antithrombotic, antihistamine, and reperfusion strategies, the patient was found to have elevated levels of immunoglobulin E and chronic urticaria. Upon administration of omalizumab, there was an improvement of chronic urticaria, a decrease in immunoglobulin E levels, and resolution of the ischemic attacks.

Assessment of routine diet (garlic consumption) as a pre- and postoperative protocol in oral and maxillofacial surgical interventions: An evidence-based literature review.

BACKGROUND: It was hypothesized that pathological bleeding (PB) during and/or after oral surgical procedures is higher in systemically healthy patients who have a history of garlic intake compared to controls (patients without a history of garlic consumption). AIM: The aim of the present review article was to identify studies in which garlic consumption was included as a patient management protocol before and after oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). METHODS: A review of pertinent indexed literature was performed. The focused question that was addressed was "Has diet (garlic consumption) been considered as a patient management protocol before and after OMFS?" The inclusion criteria were: (a) studies published in indexed databases, (b) original studies, (c) studies on OMFS, and (d) studies that considered diet (garlic consumption) as a patient management protocol before and after OMFS. Literature review, commentaries, letters to the editor, and studies published in non-indexed resources were excluded. The pattern of the present review was customized to summarize the pertinent information. RESULTS: The initial search using the terms "oral," maxillofacial," "protocol," and "surgery" yielded 1478 studies. The addition of the term "diet" to this search strategy reduced the number of studies to five. Further filtration of these studies using the terms "garlic" and/or "Allium sativum" showed no studies. CONCLUSIONS: Garlic intake predisposes patients to PB. However, there are no studies in the indexed literature that have considered the inclusion of garlic consumption in patient management protocols before and after OMFS.

Raw Garlic Consumption and Risk of Liver Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Eastern China.

Although the major risk factors for liver cancer have been established, preventive factors for liver cancer have not been fully explored. We evaluated the association between raw garlic consumption and liver cancer in a large population-based case-control study in Eastern China. The study was conducted in Jiangsu, China, from 2003 to 2010. A total of 2011 incident liver cancer cases and 7933 randomly selected population-controls were interviewed. Epidemiological data including raw garlic intake and other exposures were collected, and serum markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were assayed. Overall, eating raw garlic twice or more per week was inversely associated with liver cancer, with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.77 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62-0.96) compared to those ingesting no raw garlic or less than twice per week. In stratified analyses, high intake of raw garlic was inversely associated with liver cancer among Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) negative individuals, frequent alcohol drinkers, those having history of eating mold-contaminated food or drinking raw water, and those without family history of liver cancer. Marginal interactions on an additive scale were observed between low raw garlic intake and HBsAg positivity (attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) = 0.31, 95% CI: -0.01-0.62) and heavy alcohol drinking (AP = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.00-0.57). Raw garlic consumption is inversely associated with liver cancer. Such an association shed some light on the potential etiologic role of garlic intake on liver cancer, which in turn might provide a possible dietary intervention to reduce liver cancer in Chinese population.

Burns Due to Application of Raw Garlic to the Feet as a Home Remedy for Fever.

We present an illustrative case of unintentional burns to the feet of a 15-month-old child following the application of raw garlic as a home remedy for fever. We provide an overview of the historical medicinal uses of garlic as well as its unintended adverse effects. This case underscores the importance of clinicians' ability to recognize unusual presentations of injury due to culturally based practices that require care in emergency settings. This is particularly important in patient populations for whom abusive etiology would be considered.

Medical Folk Remedy: Two Cases of Garlic Burns.

Over the years, many cultures have used herbs for serious health problems. Garlic (Allium sativum) pose hypocholesterolemic, fibrinolytic, antidiabetic, and antibiotic actions. However, it has unusual adverse effects such as chemical burns and contact dermatitis when used topically. In this case report, the authors present two cases of topical garlic burn caused after the use of crushed garlic with a bandage for pain relief due to arthritis.

The effect of single-bulb garlic oil extract toward the hematology and histopathology of the liver and kidney in mice

Single garlic has been used as a traditional medicine for hypercholesterolemia and increasing stamina. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of single-bulb garlic oil (SGO) extract toward hematology and histopathology liver and kidney in mice. Male mice (strain Balb-C, 12 weeks old, weight of 28±3 g) was treated by SGO for 28 days (once per days) with various doses K- (Normal); K+ (SGO 0.0 mg/kg BW); T1 (SGO 6.25 mg/kg BW); T2 (SGO 12.5 mg/kg BW); T3 (SGO 25.0 mg/kg BW); T4 (SGO 50.0 mg/kg BW). The end of the treated mice was sacrificed. Blood was collected to analyze hematology. Liver and kidney were collected then made microanatomy slide with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Parameters of hematology are the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, and number of leukocytes. Histopathology of liver and kidney determine by cell necrosis. The result of the research showed that SGO increased the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes but there is no effect on the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Histopathology on liver and kidney showed there is no effect in necrosis. The conclusion is the single-bulb garlic oil extract safe if consumed continuously

Garlic intake and gastric cancer risk: Results from two large prospective US cohort studies.

Although many case-control studies suggested that garlic intake may reduce gastric cancer risk, evidence from prospective cohort studies has been lacking. We examined the association between garlic intake and subsequent risk of gastric cancer among 77,086 women in the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2014) and 46,398 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2014). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. We additionally examined garlic intake in relation to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among 613 participants using logistic regression. During up to 30 years of follow-up, 292 participants were diagnosed with gastric cancer. The pooled multivariable RR of gastric cancer among participants who ate garlic, as compared to those who did not, were 1.11 (95% CI = 0.81-1.51) for the intake of garlic less than once per week, 0.98 (95% CI = 0.71-1.36) for one to four times per week and 1.39 (95% CI = 0.89-2.17) for five or more times per week (p for trend = 0.23). Similarly, no statistically significant association was observed cross-sectionally between garlic intake and H. pylori infection (comparing five or more times per week to never, pooled multivariable odds ratio = 1.66, 95% CI = 0.89-3.09; p for trend = 0.11). The findings from this large prospective study do not support the hypothesis that high garlic intake reduces risk of gastric cancer.

Allergy to a garlic lectin in an infant after the first intake: difficulties identifying the route of sensitization

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Good for the lung but bad for the liver? Garlic-induced hepatotoxicity following liver transplantation.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Limited data exist surrounding the metabolism and safety of garlic supplements. CASE DESCRIPTION: A patient with a history of hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and orthotopic liver transplantation was admitted to our surgery transplant service with severe hypoxaemia. The patient was started on high-dose Garlicin Cardio® (Allium sativum) for HPS and soon after had elevated liver function tests. Garlicin Cardio® was discontinued and liver enzymes normalized. A liver biopsy revealed mild periportal cholestatic reaction suggesting potential drug-induced aetiology. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: This is the first description of liver injury secondary to garlic supplementation. Therefore, this garlic supplement should be listed as a potential cause of acute drug-induced liver injury.