Selenium Modulates the Allergic Response to Whey Protein in a Mouse Model for Cow's Milk Allergy.

Cow's milk allergy is a common food allergy in infants, and is associated with an increased risk of developing other allergic diseases. Dietary selenium (Se), one of the essential micronutrients for humans and animals, is an important bioelement which can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the effects of Se on food allergy are still largely unknown. In the current study it was investigated whether dietary Se supplementation can inhibit whey-induced food allergy in an animal research model. Three-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice were intragastrically sensitized with whey protein and cholera toxin and randomly assigned to receive a control, low, medium or high Se diet. Acute allergic symptoms, allergen specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and mast cell degranulation were determined upon whey challenge. Body temperature was significantly higher in mice that received the medium Se diet 60 min after the oral challenge with whey compared to the positive control group, which is indicative of impaired anaphylaxis. This was accompanied by reductions in antigen-specific immunoglobulins and reduced levels of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). This study demonstrates that oral Se supplementation may modulate allergic responses to whey by decreasing specific antibody responses and mMCP-1 release.

Barriers to self-management behaviors in college students with food allergies.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined barriers to engagement in self-management behaviors among food-allergic college students (1) within the frameworks of the health belief model (HBM) and common sense self-regulation model (CS-SRM) and (2) in the context of overall risky behaviors. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduate college students who reported having a physician-diagnosed food allergy (N = 141). Research was conducted from February 2015 through May 2016. METHODS: Participants were recruited from college campuses through email and social media. The frequency of adherence to self-management behaviors was measured along with HBM, CS-SRM, and risk-taking behaviors through a self-report survey. RESULTS: Among all participants, HBM and CS-SRM constructs and Tobacco Use explained 30.6% of the variance in adherence. CS-SRM constructs and Tobacco Use explained 44.8% of the variance for participants with self-injectable epinephrine (SIE). CONCLUSIONS: Food-allergic college students demonstrate inconsistent adherence, and interventions designed to improve adherence should take both SIE prescription status and contextual factors into consideration.

Collagen-derived peptides modulate CD4+ T-cell differentiation and suppress allergic responses in mice.

INTRODUCTION: Collagen peptides have been widely used as a food supplement. After ingestion of collagen peptides, oligopeptides containing hydroxyproline (Hyp), which are known to have some physiological activities, are detected in peripheral blood. However, the effects of collagen-peptide administration on immune response are unclear. In the present study, we tested the effects of collagen-peptide ingestion on allergic response and the effects of collagen-derived oligopeptides on CD4+ T-cell differentiation. METHODS: BALB/c mice fed a collagen-peptide diet were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA), and their serum IgE and IgG levels, active cutaneous anaphylaxis, and cytokine secretion by splenocytes were examined. Naive CD4+ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of collagen-derived oligopeptides, and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and Foxp3 was analyzed. RESULTS: In an active anaphylaxis model, oral administration of collagen peptides suppressed serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and diminished anaphylaxis responses. In this model, the ingestion of collagen peptides skewed the pattern of cytokine production by splenocytes toward T-helper (Th) type 1 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vitro T-helper cell differentiation assays showed that Hyp-containing oligopeptides promoted Th1 differentiation by upregulating IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling. These oligopeptides also promoted the development of Foxp3+ Treg cells in response to antigen stimulation in the presence of TGF-ß. CONCLUSIONS: Collagen-peptide ingestion suppresses allergic responses by skewing the balance of CD4+ T cells toward Th1 and Treg cells and seems to be a promising agent for preventing allergies and inflammatory diseases.

An unexpected cause of anaphylaxis: potato.

Immediate reactions against contact to raw potato has been reported in adults with generally being in the form of an oral contact dermatitis or contact urticaria, but it may also manifest as rhinitis symptoms, wheezing or even anaphylaxis. Cooked or raw potato allergy has been rarely reported in children as some is being immediate and others being late reactions, and it usually results from ingestion. Herein, we report two cases with a background of allergic diseases developed anaphylaxis one with cooked potato and the other one with raw potato.

Natural History of Food-Triggered Atopic Dermatitis and Development of Immediate Reactions in Children.

BACKGROUND: Case reports suggest that children with food-triggered atopic dermatitis (AD) on elimination diets may develop immediate reactions on accidental ingestion or reintroduction of an avoided food. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to systematically study the incidence and risk factors associated with these immediate reactions. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 298 patients presenting to a tertiary-care allergy-immunology clinic based on concern for food-triggered AD was performed. Data regarding triggering foods, laboratory testing, and clinical reactions were collected prospectively from the initial visit. Food-triggered AD was diagnosed by an allergist-immunologist with clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. We identified immediate reactions as any reaction to a food for which there was evidence of sIgE and for which patients developed timely allergic signs and symptoms. Differences between children with and without new immediate reactions were determined by a Mann-Whitney, χ(2), or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 19% of patients with food-triggered AD and no previous history of immediate reactions developed new immediate food reactions after initiation of an elimination diet. Seventy percent of reactions were cutaneous but 30% were anaphylaxis. Cow's milk and egg were the most common foods causing immediate-type reactions. Avoidance of a food was associated with increased risk of developing immediate reactions to that food (P < .01). Risk was not related to specific IgE level nor a specific food. CONCLUSION: A significant number of patients with food-triggered AD may develop immediate-type reactions. Strict elimination diets need to be thoughtfully prescribed as they may lead to decreased oral tolerance.

Management of acute food allergic reactions by general practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Food is one of the leading causes of anaphylaxis. In the Netherlands, patients visit a general practitioner (GP) as often as an emergency department (ED) in case of an acute food allergic reaction. So far, the management of food allergic reactions by GPs has not been investigated. Therefore, we explored the management of acute food allergic reactions by GPs regarding specific treatment, observation period, prescription of emergency medication to treat new episodes, diet advices and referral to a specialist. METHODS: A questionnaire containing three hypothetical cases (two anaphylactic and one mild case) with questions about their management was sent to 571 GPs. RESULTS: Overall, treatment choice was dependent on the severity of the reaction (mild vs. anaphylaxis, P < .001). However, epinephrine was used for treatment of anaphylaxis with mainly respiratory symptoms in only 27% and for anaphylaxis with mainly cardiovascular symptoms in 73%. At discharge, the percentages for prescription of self-injectable epinephrine were 53% and 77%, respectively. A short observation period of <2 hours was advised by 42% of general practitioners in case of anaphylaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of food induced anaphylaxis by GPs appears to be suboptimal: a considerable number of patients would not be treated with epinephrine for the acute reaction (especially anaphylactic cases with respiratory symptoms), the observation period chosen by GPs was often too short and self-injectable epinephrine was not always prescribed at discharge to treat possible new episodes. Education programs are needed to increase the awareness of GPs to recognize and treat anaphylactic reactions.

Anaphylaxis to apple: is fasting a risk factor for LTP-allergic patients?

BACKGROUND: Primary apple allergy is frequent in Mediterranean countries where hypersensitivity to lipid transfer protein (LTP) is common. Due to its stability upon pepsin digestion, LTP may cause systemic allergic reactions. This study investigated the potential risk associated with an isolated intake of apple while fasting in LTP-hypersensitive patients with clinical allergy to peach but not to apple. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on the observation of 6 patients who experienced 7 apple-induced anaphylactic reactions that in 6 cases followed the ingestion of the fruit after fasting, open food challenges were carried out in 12 patients LTP-hypersensitive patients with peach allergy but tolerant to apple. RESULTS: Four out of the 12 patients (33%) reacted to apple upon oral challenge. CONCLUSION: Fasting seems to play a relevant role in the clinical expression of allergy to LTP. It is possible that in an empty gastrointestinal tract the allergen is absorbed more rapidly. Alternatively, pepsin might digest the food matrix more efficiently, thus increasing the concentration of the purified allergen that comes in contact with the gut mucosa.

Reacción adversa frente a un fármaco como forma de presentación de sensibilización al huevo / Adverse drug reaction as the form of onset of egg sensitization

No disponible

[Effect of a bioactive food supplement from selenium enriched baker's yeast autolysate on the status of the intestinal barrier in rats with anaphylaxis]. / Vliianie biologicheski aktivnoi dobavki avtolizata obogashchënnykh selenom lekarskikh drozhzhei na sostoianie kishechnogo bar'era u krys pri anafilaksii.

Rat's intestinal barrier permeability disturbed in consequence of intestinal anaphylaxis reaction was almost completely normalized in animals fed with baker's yeast autolysate "Vitasil" enriched with selenium on a level of 3 mg Se/day during 29 days. These rats showed in comparison to Se-unsupplemented animals a significant elevation of Se level in red blood cells and plasma together with a decrease of intestinal mucosal TCA-soluble thiol compounds. Urinary Se excretion was significantly elevated in comparison to unsensitized rats both in Se-supplemented and unsupplemented animals with anaphylaxis. It's concluded that "Se-Vitasil" may be successfully used in antioxidative therapy of food allergy, malabsorption, inflammatory bowel diseases and intestinal infection.

[The effect of fatty compounds with different ratios of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 families on the expression of food-related anaphylaxis, on the liver cytochrome P-450 system and on 17-hydroxycorticosteroid metabolism in guinea pigs]. / Vliianie zhirovykh kompozitsii s razlichnym sootnosheniem polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot semeistv omega-3 i omega-6 na vyrazhennost' pishchevoi anafilaksii, sistemu tsitokhroma P-450 pecheni i metabolizm 17-oksikortikosteroidov u morskikh svinok.

The effect of fat composition with a different ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids of families omega 3 and omega 6 on expression of experimental dietary anaphylaxis, liver monooxygenase system and metabolism of 17-oxycorticosteroides (17-OCS) in guinea-pig have been investigated. Fat components in experimental diets were presented by sunflower, ichthyene oils and mix of these oils in the ratio 1:1. A ratio of PUFA of a family omega 6 to omega 3 in diets were 64,0; 0,13 and 2,64. It was shown that a burden of dietary anaphylaxis were reduced significantly at the introduction in diets of sunflower oil.ulakcuu is authentically reduced. Simultaneously a marked increase of a ratios P-450B to P-450L and b5 to P-450 and reduction of a hexenal sleep duration were determined. The amount of excreted polar 17-OCS was also decreased in animals fed sunflower oil. Probable mechanisms of hypoallergenic action of dietary sunflower oil were conditioned by reorganization of liver cytochrome P-450 system and respective alterations of 17-OCS metabolism are discussed.

[Disordered permeability of the gastrointestinal tract barrier for macromolecules and the possibilities for its experimental dietetic correction]. / Narushennaia pronitsaemost' bar'era zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta dlia makromolekul i vozmozhnosti ee dieticheskoi korrektsii v éksperimente.

Macromolecular absorption of food and microbial antigens being enhanced in the intestine under pathological conditions may well be the cause of such diseases as food allergy, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, atopic eczema, etc. The polyethyleneglycol-4000 (PEG-4000) and food antigens absorption was found to be similar in the animal intestine. The PEG-4000 gastrointestinal permeability is considerably increased in the rats with anaphylaxis, experimental biliary malabsorption and experimental colitis. Fatty acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 series as well as histidine were found to change the permeability for the PEG-4000.