Hidrops fetal no inmune por anemia diseritropoyética congénita / Nonimmune hydrops fetalis by congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia

La anemia diseritropoyética congénita se engloba dentro de un grupo raro y heterogéneo de trastornos eritrocitarios caracterizados por eritropoyesis ineficaz, anemia megaloblástica, hemosiderosis secundaria e hidrops fetal. Presentamos el caso de un feto de 20 semanas con hidrops como consecuencia de una anemia fetal intensa por eritropoyesis ineficaz. Ante el hallazgo de hidrops fetal no inmune es fundamental un diagnóstico etiológico precoz para ofrecer a la pareja las alternativas terapéuticas más adecuadas.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia is a rare group of heterogeneous disorders characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, megaloblastic anemia, secondary hemosiderosis and fetal hydrops. We report a case of a 20 week old fetus with hydrops as a consequence of a severe fetal anemia resulting from ineffective erythropoiesis. When non-immune fetal hydrops is found, it is essential an early etiological diagnosis to give the parents the most appropriate therapeutic options.

Anemia diseritropoyética congénita tipo 1: Presentación de un caso / Type 1 congenital dyserytropoieitc anemia: A case presentation

Las anemias diseritropoyéticas congénitas (ADC) son un grupo de trastornos heridatarios de la hematopoyesis caracterizados por anemia refractaria de severidad variable. Se distinguen 3 tipos fundamentales: 1, 2 y 3. El gen responsable de la ADC-1 (CDAN1) se localiza en el cromosoma 15q15, aunque estudios moleculares recientes evidencian la heterogeneidad de esta enfermedad. Se presenta una paciente de 3 años con diagnóstico de ADC-1 que a los 3 meses de edad comenzó con anemia severa, hiperbilirrubinemia indirecta, reticulocitosis ligera, altos requerimientos transfusionales y alteraciones del desarrollo pondoestatural dado por baja talla. La prueba de Ham fue negativa y en sangre periférica predominó la macrocitosis. En el examen de la médula ósea se observó diseritropoyesis con hiperplasia eritroide, hematopoyesis megaloblástica, precipitados intracitoplasmáticos, núcleos irregulares, cariorrexis, binuclearidad y puentes internucleares. No hubo respuesta al tratamiento con interferón alfa recombinante. La paciente se encuentra con tratamiento quelante con deferroxamina y se ha planteado la posibilidad de un trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas alogénico no relacionado

The congenital dyserytropoietic anemias (CDT) include a series of hematopoiesis hereditary disorders characterized by a refractory anemia of variable severity. There are three fundamental types: 1, 2 and 3. The gen accounted for CDT-1(CDAN1) is located in 15q15 chromosome, although recent studies demonstrate the heterogeneity of this disease. This is the case of a female patient aged 3 diagnosed with CDT-1who at three months old had a severe anemia, indirect hyperbilirubinemia, slight reticulocytosis, high transfusion requirements and stature disorders due to its low height. Ham’s was negative and in peripheral blood there was macrocytosis predominance. Bin bone marrow examination it was possible to observe dyserytropoiesis with erythroid hyperplasia, megaloblast hematopoiesis, intracytoplasm precipitates, irregular nuclei, karyorresis, binuclearization and internuclear bridges. There wasn’t response to treatment with the recombinant type α interferon. Patient is under chelation treatment with deferoxamine and it was proposed the possibility of no-related allogenic of hematopoietic parent cell

Gilbert's syndrome accounts for the phenotypic variability of congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II (CDA-II).

The molecular basis for the considerable variation of serum bilirubin levels and the incidence of gallstone formation in patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type II are unknown. We show that the combined effect of an increased bilirubin load caused by dyserythropoiesis in CDA II and decreased bilirubin conjugation caused by reduced expression of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A) would increase the risk of hyperbilirubinemia (P <.005) and gallstone formation (chi(2): P <. 001). The rate of gallstone formation in patients with CDA II is 4. 75-fold the rate of patients without Gilbert's syndrome, and gallstone diagnosis occurs at a younger age (P < 0.01). These findings should be considered during the follow-up of patients with CDA II.