Percepção dos alunos do ensino médio em relação a uma proposta de ensino das lutas nas aulas de Educação Física / Perception of high school students in relation to a proposal for teaching martial arts in Physical Education classes / Percepción de estudiantes de secundaria en relación a una propuesta de enseñanza de lucha en las clases de Educación Física

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a percepção dos alunos do Ensino Médio em relação às lutas enquanto unidade temática nas aulas de Educação Física. Para tanto, a pesquisa se caracterizou como de natureza aplicada, do tipo descritiva, com a participação de 17 alunos do Ensino Médio. A pesquisa foi realizada em dois momentos, sendo o primeiro referente ao desenvolvimento de uma intervenção pedagógica do conteúdo de lutas, e o segundo a partir da aplicação de um questionário. Os resultados apontaram que 82% dos participantes usufruíram de uma prática positiva e prazerosa e 94% dos participantes afirmaram ausência de violência. Assim, compreende-se que as lutas na escola se configuram como um mediador na transformação das apreciações de concepções pelos participantes (AU).

The aim of the study was to analyze the perception of high school students in relation to martial arts as a content in Physical Education classes. Therefore, the research was characterized as being of an applied nature, of the descriptive type, with the participation of 17 high school students. The research was carried out in two moments, the first one referring to the development of a pedagogical intervention on the content of martial arts, and the second one based on the application of a questionnaire. The results showed that 82% of the participants en-joyed a positive and pleasant practice and 94% of the participants stated that there was no violence in the classes. Thus, it is understood that the development of martial arts at school was configured as a mediator in the transformation of the appreciation of conceptions by the participants (AU).

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la percepción de los estu-diantes de secundaria en relación a las peleas como unidad temática en las clases de Educación Física. Por lo tanto, la investigación se caracterizó por ser de carácter aplicada, de tipo descriptiva, con la participación de 17 estudiantes de secundaria. La investigación se realizó en dos momen-tos, el primero referido al desarrollo de una intervención pedagógica so-bre el contenido de las peleas, y el segundo a partir de la aplicación de un cuestionario. Los resultados mostraron que el 82% de los participantes disfrutaron de una práctica positiva y agradable y el 94% de los pantes afirmó que no hubo violencia en las clases. Así, se entiende que el desarrollo de las luchas en la escuela se configuró como un mediador en la transformación de la apreciación de las concepciones por parte de los participantes (AU).

Disciplinary construction and cultivation system of wushu and national traditional sports / Sistema de construção e cultivo disciplinar de wushu e esportes tradicionais nacionais / Sistema de construcción y cultivo disciplinario del wushu y deportes tradicionales nacionales

ABSTRACT Introduction: With the advent of the network information age, the teaching of martial arts and traditional national sports has broken the limitations of the previous "teaching by precept and deeds" and combined with computer information technology to construct a teaching resource system for martial arts and traditional national sports, realizing the sharing of teaching resources. Objective: The article determines the concept of teaching resource integration by formulating a resource integration plan for the teaching resource system of martial arts and traditional national sports majors. At the same time provides a theoretical basis for the resource integration of the teaching resource system. Methods: The article takes the general university martial arts and national traditional sports discipline model as the research object, uses the method of literature data, investigation, logical analysis and other methods to research some general university martial arts and traditional national sports discipline curriculum models, and analyzes the existing ones. Results: The article formulated the resource integration plan of the professional teaching platform and provided theoretical guidance for the resource integration of the professional teaching resource platform. Secondly, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of resource integration of the teaching resource platform combining martial arts and sports. It proposes corresponding improvement suggestions to improve the quality and efficiency of the teaching resource platform. Conclusions: The teaching resource platform combining martial arts and physical education forms a relatively complete teaching resource system; reasonable teaching resource module design; realizes the network sharing of professional teaching resources in colleges and universities; the martial arts rank system highlights the key points and demonstrates the characteristics of the times. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Com o advento da era das redes de informação, o ensino das artes marciais e dos esportes nacionais tradicionais rompeu as limitações do antigo "ensino por preceito e fatos" e foi combinado com a tecnologia da computação para construir um sistema de recursos didáticos para as artes marciais. artes e esportes tradicionais nacionais, fazendo a troca de recursos didáticos. Objetivo: o artigo determina o conceito de integração de recursos didáticos formulando um plano de integração de recursos para o sistema de recursos didáticos das carreiras das artes marciais e dos esportes tradicionais nacionais. Ao mesmo tempo, fornece uma base teórica para a integração de recursos do sistema de recursos de ensino. Métodos: O artigo toma o modelo geral das artes marciais universitárias e o modelo da disciplina nacional de esportes tradicionais como objeto de pesquisa, usa o método de dados da literatura, pesquisa, análise lógica e outros métodos para investigar alguns modelos de currículo geral de artes marciais universitárias e disciplinas desportivas nacionais tradicionais. e analisar os existentes. Resultados: o artigo formulou o plano de integração de recursos da plataforma de ensino profissional e forneceu orientações teóricas para a integração de recursos da plataforma de recursos de ensino profissional. Em segundo lugar, ele discute as vantagens e desvantagens de integrar recursos da plataforma de recursos de ensino que combina artes marciais e esportes. Propõe as correspondentes sugestões de melhoria para melhorar a qualidade e eficiência da plataforma de recursos didáticos. Conclusões: A plataforma de recursos didáticos que combina artes marciais e educação física forma um sistema de recursos didáticos relativamente completo; projeto de módulo de recursos de ensino razoável; Inclui o intercâmbio de redes de recursos de ensino profissional em faculdades e universidades; o sistema de classificação das artes marciais destaca os pontos-chave e demonstra as características da época. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Con el advenimiento de la era de la información en red, la enseñanza de artes marciales y deportes nacionales tradicionales ha roto las limitaciones de la anterior "enseñanza por precepto y hechos" y se ha combinado con la tecnología informática para construir un sistema de recursos didácticos para artes marciales y deportes nacionales tradicionales, realizando el intercambio de recursos didácticos. Objetivo: El artículo determina el concepto de integración de recursos didácticos mediante la formulación de un plan de integración de recursos para el sistema de recursos didácticos de las carreras de artes marciales y deportes nacionales tradicionales. Al mismo tiempo, proporciona una base teórica para la integración de recursos del sistema de recursos didácticos. Métodos: El artículo toma el modelo general de artes marciales universitarias y el modelo de disciplina deportiva tradicional nacional como objeto de investigación, utiliza el método de datos de literatura, investigación, análisis lógico y otros métodos para investigar algunos modelos de currículo de artes marciales universitarias generales y disciplinas deportivas nacionales tradicionales. y analiza los existentes. Resultados: El artículo formuló el plan de integración de recursos de la plataforma docente profesional y brindó orientación teórica para la integración de recursos de la plataforma de recursos docentes profesionales. En segundo lugar, analiza las ventajas y desventajas de la integración de recursos de la plataforma de recursos didácticos que combina artes marciales y deportes. Propone las correspondientes sugerencias de mejora para mejorar la calidad y la eficiencia de la plataforma de recursos didácticos. Conclusiones: La plataforma de recursos didácticos que combina artes marciales y educación física forma un sistema de recursos didácticos relativamente completo; diseño de módulo de recursos didácticos razonables; comprende el intercambio de redes de recursos docentes profesionales en colegios y universidades; el sistema de clasificación de las artes marciales destaca los puntos clave y demuestra las características de la época. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Dupla carreira: dilemas entre esporte e escola / Dual career: dilemmas between sport and school

RESUMO Este artigo analisa os modelos de conciliação das rotinas na dupla carreira, esportiva e escolar, no Programa Bolsa Atleta do Governo Federal, com estudantes-atletas contemplados pelos resultados obtidos no ano de 2011. Caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa quantitativa realizada por meio de uma entrevista estruturada aplicada a 131 atletas das modalidades de atletismo, judô e natação, sendo 64 do sexo feminino e 67 do masculino. Os resultados evidenciam que: 1) as diferentes modalidades esportivas exigem dos seus atletas tempo e dedicação distintos; 2) processo de iniciação nas três modalidades exigem diferentes formas de investimentos; 3) menor escolaridade dos pais e atletas do atletismo, assim como, classe social mais baixa. Diante dos obstáculos da dupla carreira, atletas, clube, escola e famílias passam adotar táticas de conciliação e mesmo burla dos programas de suporte à formação esportiva.

ABSTRACT This article discusses the models for the reconciliation of career, sports and school routines in the Federal Government Athletic Scholarship Program, with students-contemplators and results obtained in 2011. Characterization as a quantitative research carried out by means of a structured interview invested in 131 athletes of the modalities of athletics, judo and swimming, being 64 female and 67 male. They show the following results: 1) as different sports modalities; 2) initiation process in the temporary variables of the forms of investment; 3) lower schooling of parents and athletes in athletics, as well as lower social class. In the face of the obstacles of the dual career, athletes, clubs, schools and families are adopting tactics of conciliation and even mockery of programs to support sports training.

Jogos escolares da rede pública do estado da bahia: análise das edições 2009 a 2017 / Bahia state public schools championship: analysis of editions from 2009 to 2017

RESUMO A partir da análise documental de 210 relatórios dos Jogos Escolares da Rede Pública da Bahia (JERP), este estudo teve por objetivo descrever a evolução histórica do JERP de 2009 a 2017, considerando as modalidades comuns e inovadoras ofertadas, número de escolares, número de escolas, número de professores e recursos financeiros descentralizados. Verificamos que as modalidades inovadoras foram numericamente superiores às modalidades comuns e apresentaram maior diversificação das práticas esportivas; o número de escolares, escolas e professores na primeira etapa dos jogos (dentro das escolas) foi superior a terceira etapa (regional), além de aumentar ao longo dos anos em ambas as etapas; e que o valor financeiro descentralizado tendeu a crescer no período histórico analisado. Concluímos que o JERP se apresenta como uma oportunidade dos alunos vivenciarem diferentes modalidades esportivas, entretanto esta oportunidade é ressaltada apenas na primeira etapa. Em relação aos recursos financeiros descentralizados para o JERP, parece não haver planejamento prévio com relação a proporção destes recursos e a proporção de escolares participantes deste programa. Sugerimos maior concentração de recursos em competições locais do que estaduais, uma vez que atendem mais crianças e jovens e favorecem a valorização da diversificação de modalidades e respeito à cultura esportiva local.

ABSTRACT Based on the documentary analysis of 210 reports of the Scholars Games of the Bahia State Public System (JERP), this study aimed to describe the historical evolution of the JERP from 2009 to 2017 considering the common and innovative modalities offered, number of school children, number of schools , number of teachers and decentralized financial resources. It was verified that the innovative modalities were numerically superior to the common modalities and presented a greater diversification of the sports practices; the number of students, schools, and teachers in the games' first stage (inside of the schools) was superior to the third stage (regional), besides increase over the years in both stages; and that the decentralized financial value tended to grow in the historical period analyzed. It is concluded that the JERP presents itself as an opportunity for students to experience different sports modalities, however this opportunity is highlighted only in the first stage. Regarding the decentralized financial resources for the JERP, there seems to be no prior planning regarding the proportion of these resources and the proportion of students participating in this program. We suggest a higher concentration of resources in local rather than state competitions, since the local competitions serve more children and young people and support the modalities diversification and respect to the local sports culture.

The Effect of 2 Weeks of Inactivated Probiotic Bacillus coagulans on Endocrine, Inflammatory, and Performance Responses During Self-Defense Training in Soldiers.

Hoffman, JR, Hoffman, MW, Zelicha, H, Gepner, Y, Willoughby, DS, Feinstein, U, and Ostfeld, I. The Effect of 2-Weeks of Inactivated Probiotic Bacillus coagulans on Endocrine, Inflammatory and Performance Responses During Self-Defense Training in Soldiers. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2330-2337, 2019-The effect of 2 weeks of inactivated Bacillus coagulans (iBC) ingestion on performance and inflammatory cytokines was examined during a self-defense course in soldiers. Sixteen male soldiers were randomly assigned to either iBC (n = 8) or placebo (PL; n = 8) in this double-blind study. Participants were garrisoned on base and participated in the same training tasks. Assessments were conducted in a single day before (PRE) and after the supplementation period (POST). During each testing session, participants were assessed for vertical jump power (VJP), muscle endurance, simulated casualty drag, and 2 100-m shuttle runs. Resting blood measures for testosterone, cortisol, creatine kinase, and inflammatory cytokines were also assessed. Mann-Whitney analysis of change (Δ) scores indicated no significant change (p's > 0.05) in any of the performance or blood variables. However, a trend (p = 0.089) was noted in the Δ score for VJP in iBC compared with PL. In addition, trends were observed in the change in IL-10 (p = 0.057) and IFNγ (p = 0.057). Magnitude based inferential analysis indicated that changes in VJP and simulated casualty drag were likely beneficial (90.7 and 80.4% likelihood effect, respectively) for iBC. In addition, iBC supplementation very likely augmented IL-10 concentrations, but was possibly negative for changes in IL-6, and likely negative for changes in TNFα and IFNγ. Changes in all other performance and blood markers were unclear. Results indicated that 2 weeks of iBC supplementation appeared to be beneficial for maintaining power and short-term speed performance, while attenuating the inflammatory response during intense training in a military self-defense course.

Factores que influyen en el proceso de formación de los judokas olímpicos / Factors that influence the process of formation of the olympic judokas

Con el objetivo de analizar los factores que influyen en el proceso de formación deportiva de los judokas españoles olímpicos, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada de 52 preguntas agrupadas en 6 dimensiones (Contexto Deportivo, Contexto Social, Proceso de Formación, Psicológica, Técnico-táctica, Condición Física). Los resultados muestran que los judokas olímpicos se iniciaron en la práctica del Judo a los 6,90 ± 3,02 años, concretamente las mujeres a los 6,80 ± 2,88 años y los hombres algo más tarde, a los 7 ± 3,42 años, el 95% (n=19) influenciados, fundamentalmente, por un familiar. Además, destaca que ninguno de los entrevistados consiguió medalla en categorías inferiores. Para el 75% (n=15) de los judokas olímpicos es muy importante llevar una sincronización del entrenamiento técnico-táctico, de la condición física y de los aspectos psicológicos de forma integrada

With the aim of analizing the factors that have an influence on the sports training process of the olympic Spanish judokas, a semistructured interview of 52 questions grouped in 6 aspects was carried out: Sports Context, Social Context, Training Process, Psychological Condition, Technical-Tactical Condition and Physical Conditon). The results show that olympic judokas began practising judo at the age of 6.90 ± 3.02 years. Specifically, women started at the age of 6.80 ± 2.88, and men slightly later, at the age of 7 ± 3.42 years. 95% (n=19) of them were mainly influenced by a relative. Moreover, it is to be highlighted that none of the interviewees won a medal in low categories. For 75% (n=15) of the olympic judokas, it is very important that technical-tactical training, physical condition training and psychological aspects be synchronised in an integrated way

Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Training for US Service Members and Veterans with Symptoms of PTSD.

INTRODUCTION: The United States has been actively involved in major armed conflicts over the last 15 years. As a result, a significant proportion of active duty service personnel and returning veterans have endured combat, putting them at risk for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a disabling disorder that may occur after exposure to a traumatic event. Current therapies often require long-term, time-intensive and costly commitment from the patient and have variable degrees of success. There remains an ongoing need for better therapies, including complementary medicine approaches that can effectively reduce PTSD symptoms. While anecdotal evidence suggests that routine practice of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (BJJ) can reduce symptoms of PTSD, there have been no formal studies to address this. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the University of South Florida Institutional Review Board (#PRO00019430). Male US active duty service members and veterans from the Tampa area participated in a 5-month (40 sessions) BJJ training program. Before beginning and again midway through and upon completion of training the participants completed several validated self-report measures that addressed symptoms of PTSD and other co-morbid conditions. Effect size and 95% confidence intervals were determined using a within-person single-group pretest-posttest design. RESULTS: Study participants demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in their PTSD symptoms as well as decreased symptoms of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety and decreased alcohol use; effect sizes varied from 0.80 to 1.85. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this first-of-kind pilot study suggest that including BJJ as a complementary treatment to standard therapy for PTSD may be of value. It will be necessary to validate these promising results with a larger subject cohort and a more rigorous experimental design before routinely recommending this complementary therapy.

Adaptación del modelo de planificación atr al entorno formativo. aplicación en clases de taekwondo / Adaptação do modelo de planificação atr para o meio formativo. aplicação nas aulas de taekwondo / Adaptation of the atr planning model to the training environment. implementation in taekwondo classes

Resumen Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Adaptación del modelo de planificación ATR al entorno formativo. Aplicación en clases de taekwondo. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(2), 1-13. La planificación ATR es un método de organización del entrenamiento deportivo que se aplica en busca de conseguir la óptima forma competitiva en atletas de distintas disciplinas. La presente disertación expone las principales características de este modelo de planificación y describe una posible manera de aplicarlo en el entorno educativo y de formación base. Se ejemplifica el empleo de dicha adaptación en clases de taekwondo, entorno en el cual ha sido utilizado exitosamente. La verificación empírica relacionada con la eficacia de la adaptación de este modelo es necesaria.

Abstract Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Adaptation of the ATR planning model to the training environment. Implementation in taekwondo clases. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(2), 1-13. The Accumulation, Transmutation, Realization (ATR) Planning model is a sports training periodization method applied to achieve optimal physical shape prior to competitions in athletes of different disciplines. The main characteristics of this planning model are described here, as well as a possible way to apply the model in the educational and basic training environments. Its implementation in taekwondo training is used as an example, which has proven to be successful. The effectiveness of implementing this model must be empirically verified.

Resumo Carazo-Vargas, P. (2018). Adaptação do modelo de planificação ATR para o meio formativo. Aplicação nas aulas de taekwondo. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 16(2), 1-13. A planificação ATR é um método de organização de treinamento esportivo que se aplica em busca de atingir a melhor forma competitiva em atletas de distintas disciplinas. A presente dissertação expõe as principais características deste modelo de planificação e descreve uma possível maneira de aplicá-lo no meio educativo e de formação base. É exemplificado o emprego desta adaptação nas aulas de taekwondo, meio no qual tem sido utilizado com muito sucesso. A verificação empírica relacionada com a eficácia da adaptação deste modelo é necessária.

As relações das meninas com os saberes das lutas nas aulas de Educação Física / Relations of girls students to martial arts knowledge in Physical Education lessons / Las relaciones de las ninãs con los saberes de las luchas en las clases de Educación Física

Com base na teoria da "relação com o saber" de Bernard Charlot, esta investigação teve como objetivo analisar as relações de sentido e a mobilização das meninas com os saberes das lutas. Para tanto, este estudo utilizou: (i) observação de aulas do conteúdo judô em uma turma do 7º ano do Ensino Fundamental; e (ii) entrevistas semiestruturadas com 17 alunos da turma. Os resultados indicaram menor mobilização das meninas em comparação aos meninos. Os elementos desfavoráveis à mobilização feminina foram separados em três categorias: (i) a masculinização e o machismo na luta; (ii) o medo de se machucar; (iii) vergonha de se expor. Ressaltar as dificuldades do tema gênero e lutas não significa descartá-las do processo pedagógico, por isso, concluímos o artigo apontando a criação de experiências que subvertam e transgridam tais barreiras.

Based on "relation to knowledge" theory of Bernard Charlot, the question of this investigation is: what are the relations of meaning and mobilization of girls with martial arts knowledge? This a qualitative study with the following procedures: lessons observation of judo content in a seventh grade class of Midle School; and semi-estructured interviews with 17 class students. The results indicated less mobilization of girls in comparison to boys. The elements unfavorable to female mobilziation were separated into three categories: (i) masculinization and machismo in martial arts; (ii) the fear of being hurt; (iii) embarrassment to expose yourself. To conclude, is important to emphasize that difficulties of gender and martial arts does not mean discarding them from the pedagogical process, but rather encourages the creation of experiences that subvert and trangress such barries.

Con base en la teoria de la "relación con el saber" de Bernard Charlot, esta investigación parte de la cuestión: ¿cuáles son las relaciones de sentido y movilización de las niñas con los saberes de las luchas? Se trata de un estudio cualitativo que utilizó: la observación de clases del contenido judo en una clase del 7º año de enseñanza primaria; y entrevistas semiestructuradas con 17 alumnos de la clase. Los resultados indicaron menor movilizacíon de las niñas en comparación a los niños. Los elementos desfavorables a la movilización femenina se separaron en tres categorías: (i) la masculinización y el machismo en la lucha; (ii) el miedo de herirse; (iii) vergüenza de exponerse. Se concluye que resaltar las dificultades del tema género y luchas, no significa descartarlas del proceso pedagógico, sino de incentivar la creación de experiencias que subvierten y transgreden tales barreras.

O ensino do judô paralímpico: a percepção dos técnicos brasileiros / Teaching the paralympic judo: a perception of the brazilian coachings / La enseñanza del judo paralímpico: una percepción de los técnicos brasileños

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as práticas pedagógicas utilizadas por professores no ensino do judô para pessoas com deficiência visual. Para tanto, a pesquisa caracterizou-se como qualitativa descritiva, tendo como instrumento para coleta de dados um questionário aplicado à 14 professores e/ou técnicos participantes em uma das etapas do Campeonato Nacional do Judô Paralímpico. Em relação aos resultados, 11 professores afirmaram que tentam inicialmente trabalhar de forma verbal, e posteriormente, pautam-se no tato. Outros 3 professores utilizam-se somente do tato. Apenas 2 professores utilizam-se da tutoria. Assim, percebeu-se que a maior parte dos professores têm adequado suas práticas pedagógicas frente as características que seus alunos apresentam, porém, muitos avanços ainda são necessários.

The aim of this study was to verify the pedagogical practices used by teachers in judo teaching for visually impaired people. This study was characterized by the descriptive qualitative method, using a data collection instrument applied to 14 coaching and/or technicians participating in one of the stages of the National Paralympic Judo Championship. The results showed that 11 coaching initially used verbal teaching techniques and later used touch techniques. In contrast, 3 coaching used only the touchtechniques. Only 2 coaching used tutoring techniques. This paper showed that most Brazilian coaching have adapted their pedagogical practices to the characteristics of their students with visual impairment, but many advances are still necessary.

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar las prácticas pedagógicas utilizadas por los profesores en la educación del Judo Paraolímpico en personas con discapacidad. Este estudio fue realizado con el método descriptivo cualitativo, utilizando el instrumentos de colecta de datos aplicado en 14 profesores y/o técnicos en una de las etapas del Campeonato Nacional de Judo Paraolímpico. Los resultados mostraron que 11 profesores utilizaron técnicas de enseñanza verbal. En contraste, 3 profesores utilizaron solamente técnicas táctiles. Otros 2 profesores utilizaron técnicas de tutoria. Este estudio muestra que los profesores/técnicos brasileños han adaptado sus prácticas pedagógicas a la configuración de sus estudiantes con discapacidad, pero muchos cambios e adaptaciones son todavia necesarios.

Posiciones y técnicas de proyección de los judokas de la Universidad Médica de Holguín / Judo´s projection techniques and positions at the Medical University of Holguín

Introducción: el presente trabajo aborda un tema de gran vigencia, en el entrenamiento deportivo actual. El desarrollo de la preparación técnica y táctica de estudiantes- atletas de ambos sexos, de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín (UCMHo), en el deporte de Judo. La investigación aporta una metodología sobre las técnicas de proyección en posiciones de transición, durante el entrenamiento y las competencias.Objetivo: elaborar una metodología que logre la ejecución de las técnicas de proyección en posiciones de transición, en los estudiantes- atletas de judo de la UCMHo. Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio pre-experimental de tipo exploratorio con una muestra de 16 estudiantes-atletas de la UCMHo, donde se realizó un ensayo inicial, luego se aplicó la metodología en un periodo de un año y, posteriormente, se realizó una evaluación de los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: al realizar una comparación entre los resultados logrados entre el ensayo inicial y la evaluación de la técnica que nos ocupa (la metodología), se pudo constatar una mejoría, pues en la parte preparatoria 5 sujetos fueron evaluados de excelente (E), 4 de muy bien (MB) y 5 de bien (B). En la parte principal predominaron los evaluados de bien (B) y muy bien (MB); y en la final se dispersan, pues 6 obtienen evaluación de muy bien (MB), 5 de bien (B), y 5 de regular. Conclusiones: el trabajo clarifica la utilidad de las técnicas como objeto de estudio en los entrenamientos, y su posible concertación en competencias.Todo esto fue analizado y utilizado por los entrenadores y especialistas de la provincia de Holguín, como argumento o documento de trabajo, según su aplicación, en el futuro competitivo de los atletas de Judo.(AU)

Introduction: this work shows a main topic in the sports training: the development of the technique and tactic in both sex students- athletes of Judo, at the Medical University of Holguín. The investigation brings about projection methodology techniques, during transition positions training.Objective: to improve techniques learning and execution methodology of the students-athletes, at the Medical University of Holguín.Methods: application of scientific methods like theoretical analysis and synthesis, sistemic-structure, induction and deduction and historical-logical; empirical such as: observation, interviews, surveys, experts criteria and statistics operations, using Microsoft Excel. Methodology includes the elaboration and application of 5 projection techniques during transition positions. To demonstrate this theory, 16 athletes showed their methodological steps, variants, combinations, defense and most common mistakes.Results: the 5 techniques used by practitioners and trainers of Judo increased their responses during competitions.Conclusions: roles clarify techniques´ utility for training, and their possible aplication at competitions. In Holguin province, trainers and specialists analized documents and their applications in Judo future competitions.(AU)

"Back Off Buddy, This Is My Body, Not Yours": Empowering Girls Through Self-Defense.

Although growing recognition is being given to the benefits of teaching self-defense skills to college women, very little research attention has considered the impacts of providing such courses to school-aged girls. This article presents the findings from a large-scale evaluation of self-defense programs provided to three different age groups of schoolgirls from diverse backgrounds in New Zealand, drawing on survey responses from the girls themselves, supplemented by qualitative data provided by key informant interviews with their school and self-defense teachers. The findings provide clear evidence of the many positive benefits that can result for girls of all ages who participate in feminist self-defense courses taught by carefully trained instructors with a strong empowerment focus.

Validación de una entrevista para estudiar el proceso formativo de judokas de élite / Validation of an interview for study the process of formation of elite judokas

Con el objetivo de analizar el proceso de formación deportiva de los judokas españoles de élite, se diseñó una entrevista semiestructurada de 52 preguntas agrupadas en 6 dimensiones (entorno social, entorno deportivo, psicológica, técnico-táctica, condición física y otros aspectos). Se llevó a cabo un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo mediante la valoración de 10 expertos. Se analizó la validez de contenido a través del coeficiente V de Aiken, estableciendo un intervalo de confianza del 99%, y el coeficiente de variación. Para conocer la fiabilidad se pasó la entrevista a judokas de alto nivel en dos momentos distintos y se analizó la consistencia interna por el método del Alfa de Cronbach (0,915) y la fiabilidad test-retest utilizando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase resultando 0,843 (p<0,01). La entrevista reúne suficientes propiedades como para ser considerada una herramienta válida y fiable para estudiar y analizar el proceso de formación de los judokas de élite (AU)

In order to analyze the process of sports training of the Spanish elite judokas, a semistructured interview of 52 questions grouped into 6 domains (social, sporting environment, psychological, technical and tactical, physical condition and other aspects) was designed. It was conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis with 10 experts' valuation. The validity of content was analysed through the coefficient V Aiken, establishing a 99% confidence interval, and so the coefficient of variation was analyzed. To know reliability the interview was given to senior judokas in two different moments, and internal consistency was analysed by the Cronbach's alpha method (0.915) and so test-retest reliability by using the intraclass correlation coefficient resulting 0.843 (p < 0.01). The interview brings enough properties to be considered a valid and reliable tool to study and analyze the formation of elite judokas (AU)

Efectos positivos del entrenamiento de karate en las capacidades cognitivas asociadas a la edad / Possitive effects of continuous practice of karate in cognitive capacity associtated to the age

El envejecimiento está asociado con la disminución de las capacidades cognitivas de las personas y, en muchos casos, va acompañado de un descenso de la calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación consiste en identificar los efectos que un entrenamiento adaptado y continuado en karate puede tener en las capacidades cognitivas de personas de más de cuarenta años. Para ello se obtuvo una muestra incidental de 275 sujetos. Se llevó a cabo un trabajo empírico descriptivo y correlacional. La variable investigada es la velocidad de anticipación, medida mediante la puntuación obtenida en el test Kelvin (KCC). Las variables controladas son la edad, sexo y la práctica continuada de karate. El entrenamiento regular en karate ha tenido efectos positivos en la velocidad de anticipación de las personas mayores de cuarenta años, lo que implica una mejora en la atención y otras capacidades cognitivas de estas personas. En los sujetos no practicantes de Karate, al llevar a cabo la comparación de medias entre mayores y menores de 40 años, sí se han encontrado diferencias significativas. Por tanto, el entrenamiento adaptado de karate puede ser una opción interesante para mantener las capacidades cognitivas a lo largo de los procesos envejecimiento (AU)

Normally, aging has been associated to the decrease of people’s cognitive capacity and, in several cases, related to a decrease in the quality of life. The objective of this research work is the identification of the effects that an adapted and continuous practice of karate would have in the cognitive capacity of people having more than 40 years old. To achieve this aim, 275 subjects were analysed through an empirical and correlational approach. The dependent variable analysed was the anticipation speed measured by he points obtained by the participants in the Kelvin test (KCC). The independent variables considered were age, gender and the continuous practice of karate. The results obtained indicate that the regular and adapted karate training have positive effects in the anticipation speed of people having more than 40 years old. In this group the anticipation speed has not relevant differences between people having less and more than 40 years old. There were relevant differences between both subsets in the case of subjects that were not karate practitioners. In this sense, the continuous practice of karate could be an interesting option to maintain the cognitive capacities throughout aging processes (AU)

Pedagogia do esporte: tornando o jogo possível no judô infantil / Sport pedagogy: making the play possible in kids judo / Pedagogía del deporte: haciendo el "Juego Posible" en judo infantil

O presente artigo tem como objetivo tratar dos procedimentos pedagógicos para o ensino, vivência e aprendizagem do Judô infantil, contemplando os referenciais técnico-táticos, socioeducacional e histórico-cultural. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão bibliográfica de caráter crítico-reflexivo e propositivo aplicado ao Judô, de acordo com a concepção de tornar o Jogo Possível. O Jogo Possível consiste em um conjunto de procedimentos pedagógicos que, nos planos do conteúdo, metodologia e didática, busca gerir e garantir os objetivos do processo de ensino, vivência e aprendizagem do Judô, por meio da observação das relações que se estabelecem entre os personagens, o contexto, as finalidades e os significados do esporte, a fim de garantir um olhar amplo para o fenômeno esportivo.

This article aims to deal with the pedagogical procedures for teaching, experiencing and learning kids Judo, observing the technical-tactical, socio-educational and cultural-historical referential. It is a bibliographic review study of critical-reflective and purposeful character applied to judo, according to the concept of creating the possible game. The possible game is group of pedagogical procedures focused on managing and ensuring the goals of teaching process, experiencing and learning of Judo, in the plans of the content, methodology and didactics, through the observation of the relationship between the characters, the context, the purposes and the meanings of sport, in order to ensure a wide perspective of the sports phenomenon.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discurrir sobre los procedimentos pedagógicos para el ensino, vivencia y aprendizaje del Judo infantil, observando los referenciales técnico-táticos, socioeducacional y histórico-cultural. Trátase de un estudio de revisión bibliográfica de carácter crítico-reflexivo y proposicional aplicado al Judo, según la concepción de convertir el "Juego Posible". El "Juego Posible" consiste en un conjunto de procedimientos pedagógicos que, en los planos del conteúdo, metodologia y didática, objetiva gestionar y garantizar los objetivos del proceso de enseñanza, vivencia y aprendizaje del Judo, por medio de la observación de las relaciones que se establecen entre los personajes, el contexto, las finalidades y los significados del deporte, para garantizar una mirada amplia hacia el fenómeno deportivo

Content Validation of a Catalog of Exercises for Judo.

This study aimed to assess the content validity of a catalog of 76 judo exercises. Two groups of raters comprising 16 judo experts evaluated the following content validity indicators: Clarity of Language, Practical Pertinence, Theoretical Relevance, and the Dimension of each exercise. The results confirmed the content validity of the judo training catalog with indicators showing scores greater than 0.80. These findings suggest that all 76 judo exercises are pertinent, representative of judo training and understandable for judo coaches. Thus, this catalog of judo exercises may help judo coaches in the selection and recording of exercises.

O jogo de faz de conta e o ensino da luta para crianças: criando ambientes de aprendizagem / The make-believe game and teaching fight to children: creating learning environments / El juego de ficción y la enseñanza de artes marciales para niños: la creación de ambientes de aprendizaje

Neste artigo descritivo e propositivo temos como objetivo discutir sobre os processos de ensino, vivência e aprendizagem da Luta para crianças por meio do jogo. Propomos, dessa maneira, ambientes de aprendizagem que tenham a imitação de personagens do universo da Luta, a situação imaginária e as regras sociais como fundamentos dos jogos e a mediação como facilitadora das ações. Posto isto, apresentamos estratégias pedagógicas que consideram o jogo como mediador e as crianças como cocriadoras dos espaços e tempos de aprendizagem.

The aim of this proposition paper is to describe and discuss the process of teaching, learning and living Fight for children through games. Thus, we propose learning environments based on mimicking the fighting universe characters, on the imaginary situation of the games and on their featured social rules and the mediation as facilitator of the actions. Taking all of this into consideration, we present pedagogical strategies that consider the game as mediator and the children as co-creators of learning spaces and times.

En este artículo propositivo, nuestro objetivo es discutir sobre el proceso de enseñanza, de vivencias y de aprendizaje de artes marciales para niños por medio del juegos. Por consiguiente, proponemos ambientes de aprendizaje en que se estimulan la imitación de personajes del universo de la lucha, la situación imaginaria y las reglas sociales como características de los juegos, y la mediación como facilitadora de acciones. Por fin, presentamos estrategias pedagógicas que consideren el juego como mediador y los niños como co-creadores de los espacios y de los tiempos de aprendizaje.

INTERPRETATION AND PERCEPTION OF TWO DIFFERENT KUMITE FIGHTING INTENSITIES THROUGH AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TRAINING IN INTERNATIONAL LEVEL KARATEKAS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY.

"Small sided games," used effectively in many team sports as a form of training, can be mimicked in combat sports by fighting at different subjective intensities, based on adjectives proposed by coaches. This approach could aim at improving aerobic performance by using specific techniques. Nevertheless, an adequate perception of intensity is crucial. The aim of the study was to verify the ability of karatekas to interpret and perceive two different intensities during this integrated approach. Ten international level karatekas (M age = 18 yr., SD = 3, range = 16-25) were asked to fight four matches (2 min. each) either at low or highest intensity. Physiological (heart rate, blood lactate) and perceptual (perceived effort) responses were different between intensities. However, physiological responses at low intensity were higher than expected and did not match effort perception. This could be attributable to the presence of an opponent, which probably raised the level of effort through a competitive component. At the highest intensity, physiological responses were similar to official competitions and other specific training protocols, whereas perceptual responses were higher than values found in literature.

Aerobic training program for the enhancements of HR and VO2 off-kinetics in elite judo athletes.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiologic and performance changes with the addition of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to a traditional judo programme. METHODS: Nine elite judokas (6 males and 3 females; age: 20±4 yrs; body mass: 69±2 kg; height: 172±7 cm; judo practice time: 13±6 yrs; weekly training volume: 13±5 hours, mean±SD) were recruited to perform a 12-week specific aerobic training program, which consisted of 2 session/week of 30-min continuous run at 60% at Vmax and one session/week of high-intensity interval training 15x1-min at 90% of Vmax with 1 min of active recovery at 60% of Vmax. Before and after the intervention all athletes performed a graded maximal exercise Test to measure maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), ventilatory threshold (VT), maximal velocity (Vmax), heart rate (HR) and V̇O2 off kinetics. V̇O2 and HR recovery kinetics were evaluated on a breath-by-breath basis using a single component exponential function. Anaerobic capacity during specific movements was assessed with the Special judo fitness Test (SJFT). RESULTS: The maximal speed reached during the maximal aerobic power test significantly increaseed (P=0.04), but V̇O2max did not change. τ of HR and of V̇O2 recovery significantly decreased by 17.3% (P=0.04) and 22.0% (P<0.01), respectively. VT increased (6.6%; P=0.03) and the SJFT Index improved (12%; P<0.001) 12% after training. CONCLUSION: The aerobic fitness of elite judokas may be improved by adding aerobic routines to the normal training enhancing the recovery capacity.

Factores motivacionales relacionados con la agresividad en las artes marciales / Motivational factors related to aggression within martial arts context / Factores motivacionais relacionados com a agressividade nas artes marciais

La finalidad del trabajo fue analizar un modelo de mediación en donde la orientación motivacional, la motivación autodeterminada y la deportividad eran factores predictivos de la agresividad. Practicantes de artes marciales italianos (N = 366; Medad = 29.53 años, DE = 9.107; Hombres = 325, Mujeres = 41) completaron un cuestionario para medir la orientación motivacional, la motivación autodeterminada, la deportividad y la agresividad. El path analysis confirmó el modelo hipotetizado: la motivación autodeterminada media la relación entre la orientación motivacional y deportivad y esta última media la relación entre la motivación y la agresividad. Los resultados sugieren que se debería intervenir sobre los factores motivacionales para prevenir la agresividad entre los atletas

This study was aimed at testing a meditational model in which goal orientation, self-determined motivation, and sportspersonship were predictive factors of aggressiveness. Italian martial artists (N = 366; Mage = 29.53, SD = 9.107; Men = 325, Female = 41) were asked to fill in a questionnaire assessing sport orientation, sport motivation, sportspersonship, and aggressiveness. The path analysis supported the hypothesized model: self-determined motivation mediates the relationship between motivational orientations and sportspersonhip, which in turn mediates the relationship between motivation and aggressiveness. The results suggest considering these motivational factors in order to plan interventions to prevent aggressiveness among athletes

finalidade do trabalho foi analisar um modelo de mediação no qual a orientação motivacional, a motivação auto-determinada e odesportivismo eram factores preditores da agressividade. Praticantes de artes marciais italianos (N = 366; Midade= 29.53 anos, DP= 9.107; Homens =325, Mulheres = 41) completaram um questionário para medir a orientação motivacional, a motivação auto-determinada, o desportivismo e aagressividade. A path analysis confirmou o modelo testado: a motivação auto-determinada medeia a relação entre a orientação motivacional e odesportivismo que por seu turno medeia a relação entre a motivação e a agressividade. Os resultados sugerem que se deveria intervir sobre os factoresmotivacionais para prevenir a agressividade entre os atletas