Manual para usar las tecnologías digitales en apoyo de la adhesión a la medicación contra la tuberculosis / Manual for using digital technologies to support tuberculosis medication adherence

Las diversas aplicaciones de los recursos electrónicos en el campo de la salud, denominados "salud digital" en su conjunto, son de interés para los programas contra las enfermedades más importantes, como los que se centran en la prevención y el tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB). La salud digital puede transformar la prestación de varias dimensiones de los servicios, poniendo al alcance la noción de la atención centrada en el paciente, incluso en condiciones muy básicas. Este manual se concibió como respuesta a una demanda de los programas nacionales de TB para obtener una orientación más clara sobre la elección y la realización de intervenciones más apropiadas de salud digital. Se centra en la adopción de los productos dirigidos a apoyar la adhesión al tratamiento contra la tuberculosis y que han sido objeto de estudio en programas de tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Está dirigido especialmente al personal de los programas de tuberculosis y a los profesionales médicos en los sectores público y privado que realizan esa labor. El texto se organiza por pasos con el fin de ayudar al usuario a pensar de forma sistemática a lo largo de las etapas cruciales necesarias para una ejecución eficaz

Patient satisfaction with peri-partum care at Bertha Gxowa district hospital, South Africa

Background: Patient satisfaction is one of the key outcome measures of healthcare services. Aim and Setting: To explore factors that influence women's satisfaction with peri-partum care at Bertha Gxowa district hospital, South African primary care. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 260 women was conducted. A structured questionnaire collected information from participants on pain relief, health education provided by healthcare providers, privacy, cleanliness of the ward and their participation in decision-making about care received in the peri-partum period. Results: Most respondents were co-habiting with their partners (100, 38%) and had completed only secondary school education (119, 46%). The average participant age was 27 years, with an average parity of two children. Most participants were satisfied with the privacy (218, 84%) and the general cleanliness of the wards (233, 90%). However, large proportions of women were dissatisfied with the information given to them by doctors (104, 55%) and nurses (89, 37%), and the rest were unsure. About 189 (73%) participants were dissatisfied with the extent of their participation in decision-making about their own care. The study had a caesarean rate of 53 (20%). Compared to normal vaginal delivery, participants who had caesarean section were significantly more likely to report being satisfied with pain relief during labour (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study findings showed varying levels of satisfaction with different aspects of peri-partum care and suggested the need for better pain relief during vaginal delivery, information sharing by doctors and patient emancipation for decision-making about their own care

Patient-centred care: The patients' perspective ­ a mixed-methods pilot study

Background: Patient centredness is a broad concept, a moral philosophy. Patient-centred care can be viewed as the actions of patient-centredness. One of the most pertinent actions that a healthcare practitioner can utilise to deliver patient-centred care is empathic communication. Whilst many medical programmes include empathetic communication skills as part of their curricula, the recipients of this care are not asked about the relevance of this teaching. Aim: We attempted to determine whether the Western constructs of empathy were relevant in our context and also establish whether there were any parts of the medical interview which participants felt were especially important to be communicated to in their home language. Setting: Two urban communities within the City of Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Methods: This was a mixed-methods pilot study using an explanatory sequential design. Participants who would typically make use of public health care facilities and whose first language was Afrikaans or isiXhosa were conveniently sampled. A subgroup of participants was invited to take part in a follow-up focus group discussion to add clarity to the survey responses. Results and Conclusion: Western constructs for empathy appeared to be relevant within our multicultural context. Patients wanted to communicate with their doctors and understand the cause of their problems as well as the management plan. Finally, whilst the numbers in this pilot study were too small to be generalisable, it was evident that patient-centred care was not perceived to be implemented in some public healthcare facilities attended by the participants, which resulted in them feeling unseen and disrespected

Management of severe acute pancreatitis.

The risks, measurements of severity, and management of severe acute pancreatitis and its complications have evolved rapidly over the past decade. Evidence suggests that initial goal directed therapy, nutritional support, and vigilance for pancreatic complications are best practice. Patients can develop pancreatic fluid collections including acute pancreatic fluid collections, pancreatic pseudocysts, acute necrotic collections, and walled-off necrosis. Several randomized controlled trials and cohort studies have recently highlighted the advantage of managing these conditions with a progressive approach, with initial draining for infection followed by less invasive techniques. Surgery is no longer an early intervention and may not be needed. Instead, interventional radiologic and endoscopic methods seem to be safer with at least as good survival outcomes. Newly developed evidence based quality indicators are available to assess and improve performance. Development and clinical testing of drugs to target the mechanisms of disease are necessary for further advancements.

Validação de instrumento baseado na sistematização da assistência de enfermagem nos cuidados paliativos / Validation of an instrument based on the systematization of the nursing care in palliative care

Introdução: A necessidade do estudo surgiu na residência de enfermagem, em um Hospital Público Federal no município do Rio de Janeiro, durante experiência no setor Comissão de Cuidados Paliativos, quando um instrumento foi elaborado para auxiliar assistência da enfermagem da comissão, baseando-se na sistematização da assistência de enfermagem e nas orientações de assistência da Academia Nacional de Cuidados Paliativos. Objetivos: Objetivo geral - Validar instrumento de sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos; Objetivos específicos: Caracterizar o processo de trabalho da enfermagem na comissão de cuidados paliativos de um Hospital Universitário Público Federal na cidade do Rio de Janeiro ­ RJ e Atualizar instrumento de sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em cuidados paliativos; Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo de natureza qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as enfermeiras integrantes da comissão de cuidados paliativos de um Hospital Universitário no Rio de Janeiro. E um estudo descritivo transversal, com vistas à validação do instrumento por juízes, por meio da concordância entre as respostas dos juízes obtidas pelo Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: O resultado do estudo gerou o artigo 1 com título "Comissão de Cuidados Paliativos: Percepção e Atuação de Enfermeiros" e o artigo 2 "Validação de Instrumento de Processo de Enfermagem nos Cuidados Paliativos", finalizando com a produção do instrumento "Processo de Enfermagem ao Paciente Paliativo". Conclusão: No primeiro artigo, o estudo caracterizou o processo de trabalho das enfermeiras participantes, além de permitir a contribuição para ampliar a concepção da assistência dos enfermeiros em uma CCP, enquanto, o segundo artigo teve como desfecho a validação do instrumento "Processo de Enfermagem ao Paciente Paliativo" para a enfermagem integrante da comissão e aplicável na prática clínica. Desta forma, o instrumento pode ser utilizado no cenário dos serviços hospitalares

Introduction: The need to admit a long-term nurse to a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro during the same year. health care Nursing and nasal health care on the National Care Palliative Care. Objectives: General objective - Validate the nursing care systematization instrument in palliative care; Specific objectives: to characterize the nursing work process in the palliative care room of a Federal public university hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro - RJ; Methodology: This is a descriptive study of a qualitative nature, through a series of semistructured interviews with nurses on the palliative care committee of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study, aiming at the validation of the instrument by judges, through the agreement between the judges' responses to the Content Validity Index. Results: The result of the study on article 1 with the title "Palliative Care Commission: Perception and Performance of Nurses" and article 2 "Validation of the Nursing Process Instrument in Palliative Care", ending with a production of the instrument "Process Palliative Patient Nursing ". Conclusion: In the first article, the study characterized the working process of the participating nurses, in addition to allowing the contribution to the assessment of the Palliative Patient instrument "for a commission integrating nursing and applicable in clinical practice. Thus, the instrument can be used in the hospital services scenario

Impact of Telemedicine on Mortality, Length of Stay, and Cost Among Patients in Progressive Care Units: Experience From a Large Healthcare System.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether Telemedicine intervention can affect hospital mortality, length of stay, and direct costs for progressive care unit patients. DESIGN: Retrospective observational. SETTING: Large healthcare system in Florida. PATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to progressive care unit (PCU) as their primary admission between December 2011 and August 2016 (n = 16,091). INTERVENTIONS: Progressive care unit patients with telemedicine intervention (telemedicine PCU [TPCU]; n = 8091) and without telemedicine control (nontelemedicine PCU [NTPCU]; n = 8000) were compared concurrently during study period. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Primary outcome was progressive care unit and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, progressive care unit length of stay, and mean direct costs. The mean age NTPCU and TPCU patients were 63.4 years (95% CI, 62.9-63.8 yr) and 71.1 years (95% CI, 70.7-71.4 yr), respectively. All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group Disease Severity (p < 0.0001) and All Patient Refined-Diagnosis Related Group patient Risk of Mortality (p < 0.0001) scores were significantly higher among TPCU versus NTPCU. After adjusting for age, sex, race, disease severity, risk of mortality, hospital entity, and organ systems, TPCU survival benefit was 20%. Mean progressive care unit length of stay was lower among TPCU compared with NTPCU (2.6 vs 3.2 d; p < 0.0001). Postprogressive care unit hospital length of stay was longer for TPCU patients, compared with NTPCU (7.3 vs 6.8 d; p < 0.0001). The overall mean direct cost was higher for TPCU ($13,180), compared with NTPCU ($12,301; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Although there are many studies about the effects of telemedicine in ICU, currently there are no studies on the effects of telemedicine in progressive care unit settings. Our study showed that TPCU intervention significantly decreased mortality in progressive care unit and hospital and progressive care unit length of stay despite the fact patients in TPCU were older and had higher disease severity, and risk of mortality. Increased postprogressive care unit hospital length of stay and total mean direct costs inclusive of telemedicine costs coincided with improved survival rates. Telemedicine intervention decreased overall mortality and length of stay within progressive care units without substantial cost incurrences.

[The progressive patient care program as a model of field training of public health practitioners: the experience of the Roman Public Health Academy]. / L'ospedale ad Intensità di cura come modello di formazione condivisa sul campo: l'esperienza dell'Accademia Romana di Sanità Pubblica.

The management of healthcare facilities has become increasingly complex in recent years, leading to a greater demand for public health physicians in Italy. Public Health physicians are responsible for evaluating community needs, with particular attention to health determinants and, at the same time, to final user feedback. During their training, they must acquire the competencies to manage a wide range of problems. The Roman Public Health Academy (ARSP) was developed to motivate young residents in Public Health to acquire the knowhow, skills and abilities required of a public health practitioner. It therefore implemented a special training program offering different educational opportunities for residents. In particular, the program offers a team of three young residents field training opportunities, allowing them to become engaged in solving complex technical and management problems. In this paper we describe the methods through which, following a specific request by the director of a hospital in Rome, the team supported a project involving the reorganization of several hospital wards. The aim of the reorganization was to enhance the performance and efficiency of the wards, according to the Progressive Patients Care program.

The Ranger First Responder Program and Tactical Emergency Casualty Care Implementation: A Whole-Community Approach to Reducing Mortality From Active Violent Incidents.

Active violent incidents are dynamic and challenging situations that can produce a significant amount of preventable deaths. Lessons learned from the military?s experience in Afghanistan and Iraq through the Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care and the 75th Ranger Regiment?s Ranger First Responder Program have helped create the Committee for Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (C-TECC) to address the uniqueness of similar wounding patterns and to end preventable deaths. We propose a whole-community approach to active violent incidents, using the C-TECC Trauma Chain of Survival and a tiered approach for training and responsibilities: the first care provider, nonmedical professional first responders, medical first responders, and physicians and trauma surgeons. The different tiers are critical early links in the Chain of Survival and this approach will have a significant impact on active violent incidents.

Nurses' knowledge and comfort levels using the Physician Orders for Life-sustaining Treatment (POLST) form in the progressive care unit.

Many patients are admitted to the hospital with an active Physician Orders for Life-sustaining Treatment (POLST) Form; however, not all registered nurses (RNs) are familiar with the form or comfortable with initiating a discussion about end-of-life care. Evidence indicates that an education program increases RNs' knowledge and utilization of the POLST form. The purpose of this evidence-based practice project was to answer the question: among the RNs in a progressive care unit (PCU), does implementing a formal evidence-based practice POLST program compared to current practice increase RNs' knowledge and comfort level using the POLST form? A pre-post education survey was used. Results indicated a POLST education program increased PCU RNs' knowledge and comfort level in using the POLST form. It is recommended to include POLST form education for PCU RNs in workplace education programs.

The value of a progressive care environment for neurosurgical patients.

Intensive care is expensive and stressful for patients and families. With rising healthcare costs, hospitals need other options. This retrospective, descriptive study explored the efficacy of using a progressive care environment to manage stable, complex patients out of the intensive care unit. Data were collected on 114 neurosurgical patients using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria before and after implementation of progressive care beds within a standard medical-surgical unit. Patients in the "after" group had a statistically significant decrease in the number of intensive care unit days and overall hospital length of stay. The results suggest that it is possible for positive patient outcomes using this model if these patients are carefully selected, nurses are appropriately educated, and a collaborative approach is used.

Transición del paciente con diabetes tipo 1 desde la Unidad de Diabetes pediátrica a la Unidad de Diabetes de adultos / Transition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes from paediatric to adult Health Care

La transición de los pacientes pediátricos con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) a Unidades de adultos puede conllevar efectos adversos para la salud de los pacientes si no se hace de forma adecuada. El paso tiene lugar durante la adolescencia, periodo especialmente crítico de la vida caracterizado por cambios específicos tanto psicológicos como fisiológicos, durante el que se incrementa el riesgo de aparición y progresión de las complicaciones crónicas así como de los ingresos relacionados con la DM1. Coincidiendo con el cambio de equipo médico se han objetivado pérdidas en el seguimiento de los pacientes y un empeoramiento en su grado de control metabólico que debemos intentar evitar. Se precisan programas planificados, progresivos y estructurados que incluyan la participación del individuo, de la familia y del servicio de salud para que la transición sea lo más favorable posible. El momento óptimo para hacer el cambio de equipo sanitario es cuando el paciente tenga madurez suficiente para ser casi autónomo en el tratamiento de la DM1, situación que en la mayoría de las personas no se alcanza antes de los 16-18 años. La coordinación entre los profesionales de pediatría y de adultos, la educación grupal, el uso de tecnologías y el abordaje psicosocial favorecen la adherencia y el seguimiento en esta fase de transición. Tras la valoración de las recomendaciones de las Sociedades Científicas Internacionales se propone un modelo de transición consensuado entre las Sociedad Española de Diabetes y la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología Pediátrica

The transition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from paediatric health care to adult health care has been recognized as an important and difficult process, with a high risk of interruption of care and associated with poor glycaemic control. Transition to adult units takes place during adolescence in an especially critical period of life with changes, both in psychological and physiological aspects that increase the risk of onset and progression of chronic complications related to T1DM.Adverse outcomes that may affect the health of these patients can appear if transition is not done properly. Previous studies have shown that planned and structured transition programs are required, including the participation of the individual, the family, and the health service. The best time to make the transition is when they are mature enough to be almost capable of managing their T1DM. The majority of patients do not reach this stage before the age of 16-18 years. There should be coordination between professionals of paediatric and adult health care in the planning of this transition. Group education programs, the use of new technologies, and the approach to psychosocial aspects are suggested in order to improve adherence and followup during this period. After assessing the recommendations of some International Scientific Societies, the Spanish Society of Diabetes and the Spanish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology propose following a planned transition model

[Progressive Patient Care Model and its application into hospital organization: a narrative review]. / Progressive Patient Care e organizzazione ospedaliera per intensità di cure: revisione narrativa della letteratura.

Aim of this article is to review the literature about the Progressive Patient Care Model, in particular its conceptual and practical characteristics, its implementation and effects on the current health care organization. Was conducted by an integrative-narrative literature review. The Progressive Patient Care is a model which aims at group patients according to their complexity in order to place patients in the most appropriate care setting. The original model consists on five care levels: intensive care, intermediate care, self-care, long term care, home care.In Italy the above mentioned model can be considered as a contextualization of Progressive Patient Care in the light of similarities both in terms of model purposes and care levels classification. The organization for intensive care levels is an opportunity for Italian healthcare facilities to reach continuity of care. This model emphazises care processes looking to patients' needs rather than a division according to criteria of specialties.

Longitudinal cystic fibrosis care.

Cystic fibrosis is a complex disease entity that presents considerable lifelong challenges. Implementation of medical and surgical treatment options involves multisystem interventions to prevent and treat lung and gastrointestinal manifestations of cystic fibrosis and associated comorbidities. From birth through adulthood, cystic fibrosis care entails a longitudinal regimen aimed at achieving relief of disease symptoms and enhanced life expectancy. With increased knowledge of the molecular behavior of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in health and disease, clinical practice has been enriched by the prospect of novel strategies, including mutation-specific drug and gene therapy targeting restoration of corrupted transepithelial ion transport. Emerging paradigms of comprehensive care increasingly enable personalized solutions to address the root cause of disease-transforming management options for individuals with cystic fibrosis.

Intermediate care for homeless people: results of a pilot project.

A year-long, nurse-led intermediate care pilot project was undertaken at a 120-bed homeless hostel in south London to improve healthcare outcomes among the clients involved, and to reduce emergency department (ED) attendance, ambulance call outs and use of acute care services. By the end of the year, the number of ED and hospital admissions had dropped significantly. The project was recognised by the Department of Health in 2010 as an example of innovative practice in work with 'at-risk' groups, and was awarded the 2011 Nursing Standard Community Nursing Award. This article considers reasons for the success of the project and the lessons that can be learned from it.