Balanoposthitis in children: Analysis of treatment diversity and development of a treatment proposal.

INTRODUCTION: Balanoposthitis in boys with physiological phimosis is common. Publications on the topic are rare and literature provides no evidence-based guidelines on treatment efficacy. With this study, we aim to analyze treatments currently used, physicians' experience regarding the success and thus derive a treatment proposal. STUDY DESIGN: An online questionnaire was created to evaluate practice patterns and experience. A case scenario, open questions and multiple-choice questions were used to allow multilayered answers. Pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, pediatric urologists, and family practitioners were invited to participate. Demographic data and answers to multiple choice questions were analyzed descriptively. Free text comments were analyzed quantitively by coding the text entries and identifying relevant themes. The themes were then grouped into categories. RESULTS: Three-hundred-and-one data sets were analyzed. Predominantly, participants were from Germany and Switzerland, and most were specialized in either pediatrics or pediatric surgery. The analysis revealed a wide variability of treatments. Three main treatment forms were identified: baths, topical antiseptic treatment (wraps, gels), and topical antibiotics. Many participants use combinations of the above. Altogether, 53 treatment varieties and 27 categories were identified, including oral antibiotics and local irrigation. Treatment success was reported to be good for all treatment forms, baths were reported to be the best perceived treatment by the majority of participants. DISCUSSION: The online questionnaire generated valuable data on the wide variety of treatment used for posthitis. The fact that all treatments are reported to be highly effective suggests that little is necessary to treat the condition or that it might even be self-limiting. Further studies will be needed to prove this conclusion. Until those are available, three main concepts should be considered when choosing a treatment: avoid (traumatizing) manipulation, apply antibiotic stewardship and adhere to families' preferences and feasibility. CONCLUSION: We propose baths or local antiseptics, depending on the practitioner's and family's choice as the least invasive alternative. A prospective study to back our recommendation is scheduled.

Patología peneana y vulvar en la edad pediátrica / Penile and vulvar pathology in the pediatric age

La patología del pene y la vulvar en niñas es un motivo de consulta muy frecuente en urología pediátrica y suele ser origen hasta de consultas por problemas que no lo son, como las adherencias balanoprepuciales, la fimosis -fisiológica en el recién nacido y lactante- o el tamaño, que siempre preocupa por defecto. Describimos los principales procesos que solemos encontrar en consulta tanto de urología pediátrica como en atención primaria

The pathology of the penis as well as the vaginal pathology in girls are a very frequent presentation in pediatric Urology and usually comes from consultations for problems that are not, such as balanopreputial adhesions, phimosis, or the size of the penis that always worries about. We will describe the main processes that we find in consultation urology and primary care

Balanopostitis de causa inusual. Una nueva etiología: «Stenotrophomonas maltophilia» / Balanoposthitis of unusual cause. A new etiology: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

La balanitis, o inflamación del glande, y la postitis o inflamación local del prepucio, son muy frecuentes en niños habitualmente no circuncidados. Suele ser de origen infeccioso, causada por estreptococos, anaerobios u hongos. La infección por Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, patógeno nosocomial emergente, es poco frecuente en la infancia. Es un microorganismo poco virulento que puede originar brotes epidémicos. Se desarrolla en casi cualquier entorno acuático o húmedo, incluido el suministro de agua potable. La S. maltophilia es un patógeno humano emergente que se detecta cada vez en más situaciones y supone un nuevo reto para los pediatras y microbiólogos. Presentamos el caso clínico de un varón con balanopostitis aguda por S. maltophilia (AU)

Balanitis describes inflammation of the glans penis; posthitis is inflammation of the prepuce. Balanoposthitis can be caused by a disparate range of infective agents affecting the penile skin. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an ubiquitous environmental bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen, which has recently been recognized as an emergent nosocomial agent. S. maltophilia is a new challenge for microbiologist and pediatricians. We present a S. maltophilia acute balanoposthitis case in a boy (AU)

Balanitis plasmocitaria de loon / Plasma cell Zoon balanitis

La balanitis de células plasmáticas o balanitis de Zoon, es una dermatosis inflamatoria del pene, de tipo plasmocelular circunscrita, curso crónico recurrente y etiología idiopática, más frecuente en varones adultos mayores, que por su presentación se puede confundir con la eritroplasia de Queyrat. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 82 años con tiempo de enfermedad de 8 años que acude a consulta por presentar lesiones eritematosas granulomatosas, ulceradas y sangrantes en área prepucial. Se realiza biopsia donde se observa adelgazamiento de la epidermis, con ausencia de las capas granular y córnea, y presencia de infiltrado en banda de células plasmáticas. Se confirma el diagnóstico de balanitis plasmocitaria de Zoon y se inicia tratamiento con tacrolimús 0,1 %,fluconazol y econazol con buena respuesta al tratamiento.

Zoon 's balanitis or plasma cell balanitis is an inflammatory dermatosis of penis, type circunscripta plasmocellular, recurrent, chronic course and idiopathic etiology, more frequent in older adult males, which can be confused with the erythroplasia of Queyrat for his presentation. The case of a male patient of 82 years with disease 8 years duration that presented erythematous granulomatous lesions, ulcerated and bleeding in the preputial area is presented. Biopsy showing thinning of the epidermis, is performed with the absence of layers granular and cornea, and presence of band of plasma cell infiltrate. The diagnosis of plasmocytaria Zoon balanitis was confirmed and treatment with tacrolimus 0,1 %,fluconazole and econazole was iniciated with good response to treatment.

Balanitis plasmocitaria de Zoon / Zoons plasmocytari balanitis

La balanitis plamocitaria de Zoon es una entidad crónica, que se presenta generalmente en pacientes no circunciados. Las lesiones son generalmente refractarias a tratamientos tópicos, requiriendo a menudo circuncisión como medida curativa. Describimosw tres casos, uno de ellos HIV+, asociasión que no hemos encontrado en la literatura(AU)

Balanitis plasmocitaria de Zoon / Zoon's plasmocytari balanitis

La balanitis plamocitaria de Zoon es una entidad crónica, que se presenta generalmente en pacientes no circunciados. Las lesiones son generalmente refractarias a tratamientos tópicos, requiriendo a menudo circuncisión como medida curativa. Describimosw tres casos, uno de ellos HIV+, asociasión que no hemos encontrado en la literatura