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Machine learning (ML) models have been increasingly employed to predict osteoporosis. However, the incorporation of hair minerals into ML models remains unexplored. This study aimed to develop ML models for predicting low bone mass (LBM) using health checkup data and hair mineral analysis. A total of 1206 postmenopausal women and 820 men aged 50 years or older at a health promotion center were included in this study. LBM was defined as a T-score below - 1 at the lumbar, femur neck, or total hip area. The proportion of individuals with LBM was 59.4% (n = 1205). The features used in the models comprised 50 health checkup items and 22 hair minerals. The ML algorithms employed were Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GB), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost). The subjects were divided into training and test datasets with an 80:20 ratio. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and an F1 score were evaluated to measure the performances of the models. Through 50 repetitions, the mean (standard deviation) AUROC for LBM was 0.744 (± 0.021) for XGB, the highest among the models, followed by 0.737 (± 0.023) for AdaBoost, and 0.733 (± 0.023) for GB, and 0.732 (± 0.021) for RF. The XGB model had an accuracy of 68.7%, sensitivity of 80.7%, specificity of 51.1%, PPV of 70.9%, NPV of 64.3%, and an F1 score of 0.754. However, these performance metrics did not demonstrate notable differences among the models. The XGB model identified sulfur, sodium, mercury, copper, magnesium, arsenic, and phosphate as crucial hair mineral features. The study findings emphasize the significance of employing ML algorithms for predicting LBM. Integrating health checkup data and hair mineral analysis into these models may provide valuable insights into identifying individuals at risk of LBM.
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Densidad Ósea , Cabello , Aprendizaje Automático , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Masculino , Anciano , Osteoporosis/diagnóstico , Osteoporosis/metabolismo , Curva ROC , Algoritmos , Minerales/análisis , Minerales/metabolismoRESUMEN
Synthetic cathinones are the second largest group of new psychoactive substances (NPS) monitored by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Although 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC, C11H15NO) is legally banned in many countries, it is readily available for purchase online and on the street. Due to the scarcity of information regarding the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of 3-MMC, understanding its biotransformation pathways is crucial in determining its potential toxicity in humans and in the development of analytical methods for screening of human matrices. To gain more insight, Phase I and Phase II in vitro biotransformation of 3-MMC was investigated using human liver microsomes and human liver cytosol. Suspect and non-target screening approaches were employed to identify metabolites. To confirm in vitro results in an in vivo setting, human matrices (i.e., plasma, urine, saliva and hair) positive for 3-MMC (n=31) were screened. In total three biotransformation products were identified in vitro: C11H15NO2 (a hydroxylated derivate), C11H17NO (a keto-reduced derivate) and C10H13NO (an N-desmethyl derivate). All three were confirmed as human metabolites in respectively 16â¯%, 52â¯% and 42â¯% of the analysed human samples. In total, 61â¯% of the analysed samples were positive for at least one of the three metabolites. Interestingly, three urine samples were positive for all three metabolites. The presence of 3-MMC in saliva and hair indicates its potential applicability in specific settings, e.g., roadside testing or chronic consumption analysis. To our knowledge, C11H17NO was not detected before in vivo. Although some of these metabolites have been previously suggested in vitro or in a single post mortem case report, a wide in vivo confirmation including the screening of four different human matrices was performed for the first time. These metabolites could serve as potential human biomarkers to monitor human 3-MMC consumption effectively.
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Biotransformación , Citosol , Cabello , Metanfetamina , Microsomas Hepáticos , Humanos , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Metanfetamina/análogos & derivados , Metanfetamina/metabolismo , Metanfetamina/farmacocinética , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Saliva/metabolismo , Saliva/química , Psicotrópicos/metabolismo , Psicotrópicos/farmacocinética , Masculino , Adulto , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Living in socioeconomic disadvantage has been conceptualised as a chronic stressor, although this contradicts evidence from studies using hair cortisol and cortisone as a measure of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)1 axis activity. These studies used complete case analyses, ignoring the impact of missing data for inference, despite the high proportion of missing biomarker data. The methodological limitations of studies investigating the association between socioeconomic position (SEP)2 defined as education, wealth, and social class and hair cortisol and cortisone are considered in this study by comparing three common methods to deal with missing data: (1) Complete Case Analysis (CCA),3 (2) Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) 4and (3) weighted Multiple Imputation (MI).5 This study examines if socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with higher levels of HPA axis activity as measured by hair cortisol and cortisone among older adults using three approaches for compensating for missing data. METHOD: Cortisol and cortisone levels in hair samples from 4573 participants in the 6th wave (2012-2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)6 were examined, in relation to education, wealth, and social class. We compared linear regression models with CCA, weighted and multiple imputed weighted linear regression models. RESULTS: Social groups with certain characteristics (i.e., ethnic minorities, in routine and manual occupations, physically inactive, with poorer health, and smokers) were less likely to have hair cortisol and hair cortisone data compared to the most advantaged groups. We found a consistent pattern of higher levels of hair cortisol and cortisone among the most socioeconomically disadvantaged groups compared to the most advantaged groups. Complete case approaches to missing data underestimated the levels of hair cortisol in education and social class and the levels of hair cortisone in education, wealth, and social class in the most disadvantaged groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that social disadvantage as measured by disadvantaged SEP is associated with increased HPA axis activity. The conceptualisation of social disadvantage as a chronic stressor may be valid and previous studies reporting no associations between SEP and hair cortisol may be biased due to their lack of consideration of missing data cases which showed the underrepresentation of disadvantaged social groups in the analyses. Future analyses using biosocial data may need to consider and adjust for missing data.
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Cortisona , Cabello , Hidrocortisona , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal , Clase Social , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Anciano , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Cortisona/metabolismo , Cortisona/análisis , Inglaterra , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Longitudinales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Envejecimiento/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), momentary cortisol concentrations in blood, urine, and saliva are lower compared to healthy controls. Long-term cortisol concentration can be assessed through hair, but it is unclear whether these concentrations are also lower. Additionally, it is unknown if lower cortisol extends to other patients suffering from persistent fatigue and how hair cortisol concentration (HCC) relates to fatigue levels. Therefore, this study examines HCC in fatigued patients with ME/CFS, Q fever Fatigue Syndrome (QFS), Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC), and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). METHODS: Adolescent and young adult patients with ME/CFS (n=12), QFS (n=20), PCC (n=8), JIA (n=19), and controls (n=57) were included. Patients participated in a randomized cross-over trial (RCT) targeting fatigue through lifestyle and dietary self-management strategies. HCC was measured pre-post RCT in patients and once in controls, quantified using a LC-MS/MS-based method. Fatigue severity was measured with the Checklist Individual Strength-8. HCC was compared between groups with ANOVAs. Relations between HCC, fatigue severity, and other variables were investigated using linear regression analyses. RESULTS: The ME/CFS (p=.009) and QFS (p=.047) groups had lower HCC compared to controls. Overall, HCC was negatively associated with the presence of symptoms related to chronic fatigue syndromes (e.g., sleeping issues, often feeling tired, trouble thinking clearly; ß=-0.018, p=.035), except in the QFS group (ß=.063, p<.001). Baseline HCC did not predict fatigue improvement during the RCT (p=.449), and HCC increased during the trial (Mdif=.076, p=.021) regardless of clinically relevant fatigue improvement (p=.658). CONCLUSION: Lower cortisol concentration can also be observed in the long-term. Lower HCC is not limited to ME/CFS, as it was also observed in QFS. The role of cortisol may differ between these diagnoses and appears to be unrelated to fatigue levels.
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Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica , Cabello , Hidrocortisona , Humanos , Síndrome de Fatiga Crónica/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Adulto , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/complicaciones , Fatiga/metabolismo , Estudios Cruzados , Artritis Juvenil/metabolismo , Artritis Juvenil/complicaciones , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Phthalates used in the industry penetrate the environment and negatively affect humans and animals. Hair samples seem to be the best matrix for studies on long-term exposure to phthalates, but till now they were used only in investigations on humans. Moreover, the knowledge of the wild terrestrial animal exposure to phthalates is extremely limited. This study aimed to establish of concentration levels of selected phthalate metabolites (i.e. monomethyl phthalate-MMP, monoethyl phthalate-MEP, mono-isobutyl phthalate-MiBP, monobutyl phthalate-MBP, monobenzyl phthalate-MBzP, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate-MCHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-MEHP and mono-n-octyl phthalate-MOP) in wild boar hair samples using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. MEHP was noted in 90.7% of samples with mean 66.17 ± 58.69 pg/mg (median 49.35 pg/mg), MMP in 59.3% with mean 145.1 ± 310.6 pg/mg (median 64.45 pg/mg), MiBP in 37.0% with mean 56.96 ± 119.4 pg/mg (median < limit of detection-LOD), MBP in 35.2% with mean 19.97 ± 34.38 pg/mg (median < LOD) and MBzP in 1.9% with concentration below limit of quantification. MEP, MCHP, and MOP have not been found in wild boar hair samples during this study. The results have shown that wild boars are exposed to phthalates and hair samples may be used as a matrix during studies on levels of phthalate metabolites in wild animals.
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Cabello , Ácidos Ftálicos , Sus scrofa , Animales , Ácidos Ftálicos/metabolismo , Ácidos Ftálicos/análisis , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Sus scrofa/metabolismo , Cromatografía Liquida , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , PorcinosRESUMEN
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe X-linked recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene, which leads to a deficiency of the dystrophin protein. The main mutation types of this gene include exon deletions and duplications, point mutations, and insertions. These mutations disrupt the normal expression of dystrophin, ultimately leading to the disease. In this study, we reported a case of DMD caused by an insertion mutation in exon 59 (E59) of the DMD gene. The affected child exhibited significant abnormalities in related biochemical markers, early symptoms of DMD, and multiple gray hair. His mother and sister were carriers with slightly abnormal biochemical markers. The mother had mild clinical symptoms, while the sister had no clinical symptoms. Other family members were genetically and physically normal. Sequencing and sequence alignment revealed that the inserted fragment was an Alu element from the AluYa5 subfamily. This insertion produced two stop codons and a polyadenylate (polyA) tail. To understand the impact of this insertion on the DMD gene and its association with clinical symptoms, exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) prediction indicated that the insertion did not affect the splicing of E59. Therefore, we speculated that the insertion sequence would be present in the mRNA sequence of the DMD gene. The two stop codons and polyA tail likely terminate translation, preventing the production of functional dystrophin protein, which may be the mechanism leading to DMD. In addition to typical DMD symptoms, the child also exhibited premature graying of hair. This study reports, for the first time, a case of DMD caused by the insertion of an Alu element into the coding region of the DMD gene. This finding provides clues for studying gene mutations induced by Alu sequence insertion and expands the understanding of DMD gene mutations.
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Elementos Alu , Distrofina , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne , Mutagénesis Insercional , Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne/genética , Humanos , Elementos Alu/genética , Distrofina/genética , Masculino , Secuencia de Bases , Cabello/metabolismo , Femenino , Exones/genética , Niño , Datos de Secuencia MolecularRESUMEN
Hair follicle development and hair growth are regulated by multiple factors and multiple signalling pathways. The hair follicle, as an important skin appendage, is the basis for hair growth, and it has the functions of safeguarding the body, perceiving the environment and regulating body temperature. Hair growth undergoes a regular hair cycle, including anagen, catagen and telogen. A small amount of physiological shedding of hair occurs under normal conditions, always in a dynamic equilibrium. Hair loss occurs when the skin or hair follicles are stimulated by oxidative stress, inflammation or hormonal disorders that disrupt the homeostasis of the hair follicles. Numerous researches have indicated that oxidative stress is an important factor causing hair loss. Here, we summarize the signalling pathways and intervention mechanisms by which oxidative stress affects hair follicle development and hair growth, discuss existing treatments for hair loss via the antioxidant pathway and provide our own insights. In addition, we collate antioxidant natural products promoting hair growth in recent years and discuss the limitations and perspectives of current hair loss prevention and treatment.
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Antioxidantes , Folículo Piloso , Estrés Oxidativo , Transducción de Señal , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Cabello/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cabello/metabolismo , Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Alopecia/metabolismo , Alopecia/tratamiento farmacológico , Productos Biológicos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
AIM: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent phenomenon during adolescence. Nonetheless, research on predictors of the clinical course of NSSI over time is still scarce. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning on the longitudinal course of NSSI. METHODS: In a sample of n = 51 help-seeking adolescents engaging in NSSI, diurnal cortisol secretion (CAR, cortisol awakening response; DSL, diurnal slope), hair cortisol concentrations and ACE were assessed at baseline. Clinical outcome was defined by change in the frequency of NSSI in the past 6 months measured 12 and 24 months after the baseline assessments. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to test for effects of ACE and HPA axis functioning on the course of NSSI. RESULTS: ACE and HPA axis functioning did not show main but interaction effects in the prediction of NSSI frequency over time: Adolescents with a low severity of ACE and either an increased CAR or a flattened DSL showed a steep decline of NSSI frequency in the first year followed by a subsequent increase of NSSI frequency in the second year. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings could be interpreted in the sense of high diurnal cortisol concentrations in the absence of ACE being favorable for clinical improvement on the short-term but bearing a risk of allostatic load and subsequent increase of NSSI frequency. In contrast, adolescents with severe ACE may benefit from elevated cortisol concentrations leading to slower but lasting decreases of NSSI frequency.
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Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Cabello , Hidrocortisona , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal , Conducta Autodestructiva , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/fisiopatología , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/fisiopatología , Conducta Autodestructiva/metabolismo , Conducta Autodestructiva/fisiopatología , Conducta Autodestructiva/psicología , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Estudios Longitudinales , Saliva/química , Saliva/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Estudios de Cohortes , NiñoRESUMEN
Aging (senescence) is an unavoidable biological process that results in visible manifestations in all cutaneous tissues, including scalp skin and hair follicles. Previously, we evaluated the molecular function of adenosine in promoting alopecia treatment in vitro. To elucidate the differences in the molecular mechanisms between minoxidil (MNX) and adenosine, gene expression changes in dermal papilla cells were examined. The androgen receptor (AR) pathway was identified as a candidate target of adenosine for hair growth, and the anti-androgenic activity of adenosine was examined in vitro. In addition, ex vivo examination of human hair follicle organ cultures revealed that adenosine potently elongated the anagen stage. According to the severity of alopecia, the ratio of the two peaks (terminal hair area/vellus hair area) decreased continuously. We further investigated the adenosine hair growth promoting effect in vivo to examine the hair thickness growth effects of topical 5% MNX and the adenosine complex (0.75% adenosine, 1% penthenol, and 2% niacinamide; APN) in vivo. After 4 months of administration, both the MNX and APN group showed significant increases in hair density (MNX + 5.01% (p < 0.01), APN + 6.20% (p < 0.001)) and thickness (MNX + 5.14% (p < 0.001), APN + 10.32% (p < 0.001)). The inhibition of AR signaling via adenosine could have contributed to hair thickness growth. We suggest that the anti-androgenic effect of adenosine, along with the evaluation of hair thickness distribution, could help us to understand hair physiology and to investigate new approaches for drug development.
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Adenosina , Alopecia , Folículo Piloso , Cabello , Minoxidil , Receptores Androgénicos , Transducción de Señal , Alopecia/tratamiento farmacológico , Alopecia/metabolismo , Alopecia/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Adenosina/metabolismo , Adenosina/farmacología , Folículo Piloso/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Minoxidil/farmacología , Femenino , Animales , Cabello/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Cabello/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis is a system involved in stress and pregnancy regulation, and hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a promising biomarker of its activity. Assessing factors that influence HCC in the prenatal period is critical to understand whether and how HPA axis (dys-)regulation influences maternal health and child development, particularly in high-risk populations from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AIMS: This study aimed at characterizing preconception and pregnancy HCC with respect to multiple sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and hair-related factors. METHODS: In a sample of N = 2581 pregnant women in Perú, participants from two cohort studies provided a 6â¯cm scalp hair sample at three prenatal timepoints. Each hair sample was cut into two segments of 3â¯cm that represent cortisol secretion at four times: preconception, first-, second- and third trimester of pregnancy. Hair cortisol was extracted using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Spearman correlations, paired t-tests, and ANOVA were used to assess differences in log-transformed values of HCC (logHCC) across maternal sociodemographic, pregnancy-related, and hair-related factors. Multivariable linear regressions were used to examine independent associations of HCCs with selected correlates. RESULTS: Mean logHCC values showed an increase across the four prenatal periods. Preconception BMI was consistently associated with HCC in all three trimesters, while difficulty accessing basic foods, education, hair dyeing, and infant sex showed time-specific associations with HCCs. In sensitivity analyses, we detected no substantial segment effects in the associations of HCCs with maternal characteristics. CONCLUSION: This study is the largest to characterize HCC in pregnant women from a LMIC. Our findings provide a foundation for the use of HCC as a biomarker of prenatal HPA axis activity for future studies. This foundation may contribute to finding valid biomarkers of stress-response systems to promote maternal and child health.
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Cabello , Hidrocortisona , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal , Humanos , Femenino , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Embarazo , Adulto , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisario/metabolismo , Sistema Hipófiso-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Adulto Joven , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estudios de Cohortes , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Children's exposure to chronic stress is associated with several health problems. Measuring hair cortisol concentration is particularly useful for studying chronic stress but much is unknown about hair cortisol determinants in children and adolescents, and previous research has often not considered the simultaneous exposure of multiple variables. This research is focused on investigating the relationship between environmental, social and individual factors with hair cortisol concentration in children. METHODS: The data used in this study are from the INMA prospective epidemiological cohort study. The assessment of chronic stress was made on the basis of hair samples taken at the age of 11 years in the INMA-Gipuzkoa cohort (n = 346). A metamodel summarizing the hypothesized relationships among environmental, social and individual factors and hair cortisol concentration was constructed based on previous literature. Structural Equation Modelling was performed to examine the relationships among the variables. RESULTS: In the general model higher behavioural problems were associated with higher cortisol levels and an inverse relationship between environmental noise and cortisol levels was observed, explaining 5 % of the variance in HCC. Once stratified by sex these associations were only hold in boys, while no significant effect of any of the study variables was related with cortisol levels in girls. Importantly, maternal stress was positively related to behavioural difficulties in children. Finally, higher traffic-related air pollution and lower exposure to neighborhood greenness were related to higher environmental noise. DISCUSSION: This study highlights that simultaneous exposure to different environmental, social and individual characteristics may determine the concentration of hair cortisol. More research is needed and future studies should include this complex view to better understanding of hair cortisol determinants in children.
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Cabello , Hidrocortisona , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios de Cohortes , Factores Sociales , Exposición a Riesgos AmbientalesRESUMEN
Bats constitute about 22% of known mammal species; they have various ecological roles and provide many ecosystem services. Bats suffer from several threats caused by anthropization, including exposure to toxic metals and metalloids. We analyzed 75 papers in a systematic literature review to investigate how species, diet, and tissue type impact bioaccumulation. Most studies documented element accumulation in fur, liver, and kidney; at least 36 metals and metalloids have been measured in bat tissues, among the most studied were mercury and zinc. Comparisons with known toxicological thresholds for other mammals showed concerning values for mercury and zinc in bat hair, lead and some essential metals in liver, and iron and calcium in kidneys. Moreover, accumulation patterns in tissues differed depending on bat diet: insectivorous bats showed higher metal concentrations in fur than in liver and kidney while frugivorous species showed higher values in liver and kidney than in fur. Finally, among the bat species that have been studied in more than two papers, the big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) show values of mercury in hair and copper in liver that exceed the known thresholds; as does copper in the liver of the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). Most studies have been conducted in temperate North America and Eurasia, areas with the lowest bat species diversity; there is a paucity of data on tropical bat species. This review points out several information gaps in the understanding of metal contamination in bats, including a lack of measured toxicity thresholds specific for bat tissues. Data on trace element bioaccumulation and its associated health effects on bats is important for conservation of bat species, many of which are threatened.
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Quirópteros , Contaminantes Ambientales , Cabello , Oligoelementos , Quirópteros/metabolismo , Animales , Oligoelementos/análisis , Oligoelementos/metabolismo , Contaminantes Ambientales/metabolismo , Contaminantes Ambientales/análisis , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/química , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/químicaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The pathophysiology of Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is not completely understood and the role of chronic stress is among the main mechanistic links. The aim of this study was to explore whether accumulating hair cortisol concentration (HCC), a novel biomarker of chronic stress, is associated with the occurrence of TTS. METHODS: A consecutive series of 18 TTS patients and 36 age and sex matched healthy controls were included in our analysis. Hair samples were collected from participants'' vertex. The proximal 2.5 cm of hair was cut in equal parts of 0.5 cm, reflecting mean cortisol levels in time intervals of 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45-60 and 60-75 days prior to hair collection. RESULTS: HCC was higher in TTS group compared to controls at any time point and increased over time starting from 75 days prior to the event. The rate of HCC increase was significantly higher in TTS patients versus controls (beta of interaction = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.36-0.60; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The steadily increasing trend of HCC in TTS patients suggests that the additive effect of multiple stressful events over several weeks prior TTS onset may disrupt cortisol homeostasis and play a role in TTS pathophysiology.
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Biomarcadores , Cabello , Hidrocortisona , Estrés Psicológico , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Cardiomiopatía de Takotsubo/metabolismo , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Proyectos Piloto , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/análisis , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , AncianoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Substance use is highly prevalent among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and has been associated with dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and resulting cortisol response. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may play an important role in exacerbating the association between cortisol levels and substance use behaviors. PURPOSE: This study examined the role of PTSD symptoms in the relation between cortisol and past month substance use behaviors. The current study used hair cortisol as an index of past 30-day HPA-axis functioning and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to characterize substance use behaviors more accurately over a 30-day period. METHOD: Participants were 90 community women who had experienced physical or sexual IPV in the past 30 days by their current male partner and used any amount of alcohol or drugs (M age = 40.71; 54.4 % white). Participants completed (a) a baseline interview, (b) EMA for 30-days, and (c) a follow up interview where they were asked to provide a hair sample for cortisol analyses. Data collection took place from 2018 to 2020. RESULTS: PTSD severity moderated the relations between cortisol and days of drinking and binge drinking. In the context of high PTSD symptomology, women with high cortisol levels spent, on average, an additional 7.4 days drinking and 8.1 days binge drinking in the past 30 days compared to women with low cortisol levels, in a model adjusted for age. CONCLUSIONS: Results highlight the prominent role of PTSD symptoms in the association between cortisol and alcohol use among women experiencing IPV.
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Cabello , Hidrocortisona , Violencia de Pareja , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Femenino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/metabolismo , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Adulto , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/metabolismo , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Evaluación Ecológica MomentáneaRESUMEN
Cacumen platycladi (CP) is a frequently used traditional Chinese medicine to treat hair loss. In this study, CP fermented by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM1348 increased the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells. In an in vivo assay, compared to nonfermented CP, postbiotics (fermented CP) and synbiotics (live bacteria with nonfermented CP) promoted hair growth in mice. The Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway plays crucial roles in the development of hair follicles, including growth cycle restart and maintenance. Both postbiotics and synbiotics upregulated ß-catenin, a major factor of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Postbiotics and synbiotics also increased the vascular endothelial growth factor expression and decreased the BAX/Bcl2 ratio in the dorsal skin of mice. These results suggest that fermented CP by L. plantarum CCFM1348 may promote hair growth through regulating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, promoting the expression of growth factors and reducing apoptosis.
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Cabello , Vía de Señalización Wnt , Animales , Ratones , Cabello/metabolismo , Cabello/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cabello/química , Humanos , Vía de Señalización Wnt/efectos de los fármacos , Biotransformación , Fermentación , beta Catenina/metabolismo , beta Catenina/genética , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/crecimiento & desarrolloAsunto(s)
Alopecia Areata , Folículo Piloso , Inhibidores de las Cinasas Janus , beta Catenina , Alopecia Areata/tratamiento farmacológico , Alopecia Areata/metabolismo , Alopecia Areata/inmunología , Humanos , Inhibidores de las Cinasas Janus/farmacología , Inhibidores de las Cinasas Janus/uso terapéutico , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cabello/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cabello/efectos de los fármacos , Cabello/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Pirimidinas/farmacología , PiperidinasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The hair follicle development process is regulated by sophisticated genes and signaling networks, and the hair grows from the hair follicle. The Tianzhu white yak population exhibits differences in hair length, especially on the forehead and shoulder region. However, the genetic mechanism is still unclear. Isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) technology with advantages in long reads sequencing. Hence, we combined the Iso-seq and RNA-seq methods to investigate the transcript complexity and difference between long-haired yak (LHY) and normal-haired yak (NHY). RESULTS: The hair length measurement result showed a significant difference between LHY and NHY on the forehead and the shoulder (P-value < 0.001). The skin samples from the forehead and the shoulder of LHY and NHY were pooled for isoform sequencing (Iso-seq). We obtained numerous long transcripts, including novel isoforms, long non-coding RNA, alternative splicing events, and alternative polyadenylation events. Combined with RNA-seq data, we performed differential isoforms (DEIs) analysis between LHY and NHY. We found that some hair follicle and skin development-related DEIs, like BMP4, KRT2, IGF2R, and COL1A2 in the forehead skin; BMP1, KRT1, FGF5, COL2A1, and IGFBP5 in the shoulder skin. Enrichment analysis revealed that DEIs in both two comparable groups significantly participated in skin and hair follicle development-related pathways, like ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. The results indicated that the hair follicle development of Tianzhu white yak may influence the hair length difference. Besides, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEIs showed COL2A1 and COL3A1 exhibited a high degree of centrality, and these two genes were suggested as potential candidates for the hair length growth of Tianzhu white yak. CONCLUSIONS: The results provided a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome complexity and identified differential transcripts that enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the variation in hair length growth in Tianzhu white yak.
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Cabello , Isoformas de Proteínas , RNA-Seq , Piel , Transcriptoma , Animales , Bovinos/genética , Piel/metabolismo , Cabello/metabolismo , Cabello/crecimiento & desarrollo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Empalme Alternativo , Análisis de Secuencia de ARNRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Frequent or prolonged exposure to stressors may jeopardize young children's health. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with disruptions in daily routines and social isolation resulting from public health preventive measures, have raised concerns about its potential impact on children' experienced stress, particularly for young children and vulnerable families. However, whether the pandemic was accompanied by changes in physiological stress remains unknown as perceived stress is not a good proxy of physiological stress. This study examined if preschoolers showed increasing hair steroid concentrations following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and whether family characteristics may have exacerbated or buffered these changes. METHODS: 136 preschoolers (2-4 years) provided hair for steroid measurement (cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisone, cortisol-to-DHEA ratio, cortisol-to-cortisone ratio) in October-November 2019 (T0) and in July-August 2020 (T1). A 2-centimeter hair segment was analyzed, reflecting steroid production over the two months leading up to collection. Family income, conflict resolution and lack of cohesion, as well as parents' COVID-19 stress were reported by parents. Linear mixed models for repeated measures and Bayes factors were used. RESULTS: No significant changes were noted from before to after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic for most hair steroids. However, a moderating role of family conflict resolution was noted. Children living with parents with a better ability to resolve conflicts had lower levels of DHEA compared to those who had more difficulty managing conflicts. Additionally, lower levels of family cohesion and income were linked to some steroids, especially DHEA, suggesting that these factors may relate to children's physiological stress. Finally, boys had higher DHEA levels than girls. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that stress biomarkers were comparable from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. This observation holds true despite the pandemic being perceived by many as a novel, unpredictable, and potentially threatening event. Findings further suggest that family characteristics are associated with hair steroid, especially DHEA, which deserves further investigation.
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COVID-19 , Deshidroepiandrosterona , Composición Familiar , Cabello , Hidrocortisona , SARS-CoV-2 , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Preescolar , COVID-19/metabolismo , COVID-19/psicología , Masculino , Cabello/química , Cabello/metabolismo , Femenino , Hidrocortisona/análisis , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Deshidroepiandrosterona/análisis , Deshidroepiandrosterona/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/metabolismo , Cortisona/análisis , Cortisona/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
In the initial stages of Alopecia Areata (AA), the predominance of hair breakage or exclamation mark hairs serves as vital indicators of disease activity. These signs are non-invasive and are commonly employed in dermatoscopic examinations. Despite their clinical salience, the underlying etiology precipitating this hair breakage remains largely uncharted territory. Our exhaustive review of the existing literature points to a pivotal role for cysteine-a key amino acid central to hair growth-in these mechanisms. This review will probe and deliberate upon the implications of aberrant cysteine metabolism in the pathogenesis of AA. It will examine the potential intersections of cysteine metabolism with autophagy, ferroptosis, immunity, and psychiatric manifestations associated with AA. Such exploration could illuminate new facets of the disease's pathophysiology, potentially paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Alopecia Areata , Cisteína , Cabello , Homeostasis , Alopecia Areata/metabolismo , Alopecia Areata/fisiopatología , Alopecia Areata/patología , Humanos , Cisteína/metabolismo , Cabello/metabolismo , Autofagia , Ferroptosis , AnimalesRESUMEN
Objective: To summarize the dynamic and synchronized changes between the hair cycle and dermal adipose tissue as well as the impact of dermal adipose tissue on hair growth, and to provide a new research idea for the clinical treatment of hair loss. Methods: An extensive review of relevant literature both domestic and international was conducted, analyzing and summarizing the impact of dermal adipose precursor cells, mature dermal adipocytes, and the processes of adipogenesis in dermal adipose tissue on the transition of hair cycle phases. Results: Dermal adipose tissue is anatomically adjacent to hair follicles and closely related to the changes in the hair cycle. The proliferation and differentiation of dermal adipose precursor cells promote the transition of hair cycle from telogen to anagen, while mature adipocytes can accelerate the transition from anagen to catagen of the hair cycle by expressing signaling molecules, with adipogenesis in dermal adipose tissue and hair cycle transition signaling coexistence. Conclusion: Dermal adipose tissue affects the transition of the hair cycle and regulates hair growth by secreting various signaling molecules. However, the quantity and depth of existing literature are far from sufficient to fully elucidate its prominent role in regulating the hair cycle, and the specific regulatory mechanisms needs to be further studied.