RESUMEN
Realizing the market value of grassland resources is of great significance to finding a balance between ecological protection and economic development. As a unique livestock animal that is native to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, the yak plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem stability, ensuring the livelihoods of herdsmen, promoting socio-economic development, and preserving ethnic cultural traditions. However, given its small market share, little is known about the factors that drive Chinese consumer preferences for yak meat. This study aimed to investigate consumer preferences for yak meat by means of an online survey involving a sample of 2999 respondents from five cities in China. The best-worst scaling method was employed to measure the relative importance of different attributes of yak meat by using a purchasing scenario. The results indicated that quality-safety certification, freshness, and production sustainability were regarded as the most preferred attributes, whereas animal welfare, brand, and the purchasing channel were found to be the least preferred. In addition, significant heterogeneity was detected in consumer preferences. Consumers were divided into three classes, namely 'Price Sensitive Consumers,' 'Environmentally Friendly Consumers,' and 'Yak Meat Inclined Consumers,' respectively. Our findings might be helpful for policymakers and yak meat producers to develop targeted strategies to facilitate the sale of yak meat and then restore degraded grasslands.
Asunto(s)
Comportamiento del Consumidor , Animales , Humanos , Bovinos , China , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Desarrollo Económico , Bienestar del Animal , Carne/economía , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The current broilers have been greatly optimized for weight gain and breast yield, which necessitates the provision of nutrients-dense diets for maximum potential. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of finisher diet nutrients density (ND) on energy and protein efficiency, productive and economic performance and breast meat quality of broilers raised until different slaughter age. METHODS: A total of 600 23-day-old broiler male chicks (Cobb-500) were assigned to 10 treatments with six replicates and 10 birds each. Experimental treatments were included factorial arrangement of five increment (2.5%) levels of finisher diet ND (92.5%, 95%, 97.5%, 100% and 102.5% as strain recommendation) and slaughtered at 38 or 46 days of age. The relative difference in the energy level of experimental diets was used to increase ND levels at the same ratio. RESULTS: Feed intake (FI) and breast meat quality traits exception water holding capacity (WHC) were not affected by finisher diet ND. In response to increasing finisher diet ND, energy and protein efficiency, productive traits, bio-economic index (BEI) and breast relative weight (BRW) linearly improved. However, residual feed intake and breast meat WHC improved with a quadratic trend. By using broken-line regression analysis, the optimum dietary ND was obtained at 97.5%-102% of strain recommendation. Energy and protein efficiency, feed conversion ratio and BEI deteriorated by prolonging rearing period. The BRW, meat lightness (L*), redness (a*), hue angle (h*) and WHC values for the birds slaughtered at 46 days of age were significantly higher, and cooking loss was lower than those slaughtered at 38 days old. CONCLUSIONS: Broilers during the finisher period are not able to regulate their FIs with diet ND. The energy and protein efficiency, productive and economic performance were reduced when broilers were fed diluted diet or the rearing period was prolonged.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Pollos , Dieta , Carne , Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Pollos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Carne/análisis , Carne/economía , Masculino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Alimentación Animal/economía , Dieta/veterinaria , Proteínas en la Dieta/análisis , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Metabolismo Energético , Factores de Edad , Nutrientes , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Para avaliar a incidência e estimar as perdas econômicas decorrentes de lesões nodulares características de reação vacinal contra febre aftosa foi acompanhado o abate de 72.000 bovinos no Mato Grosso do Sul, de maio a junho de 2018. O estudo foi realizado com base na avaliação macroscópica das lesões, que resultaram em uma incidência/mês média de 99,0% no rebanho abatido. O peso médio de descarte devido ao abscesso foi de 1,56kg/carcaça e a perda estimada foi de 673.920kg/ano ou 44.928 arrobas/ano. O preço médio de venda da carne foi de R$ 11,65/kg, sendo estimada perda de R$ 7.851.168,00/ano (US$ 2.116.117,79/ano). A elevada incidência de lesões nodulares características de reação à vacina contra febre aftosa nos bovinos abatidos no Mato Grosso do Sul representa um problema sanitário e econômico relevante na cadeia da carne.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & control , Inspección de Alimentos , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/economía , Reacción en el Punto de Inyección/veterinaria , Vacunas/efectos adversos , Sacrificio de Animales/economía , Carne/economíaRESUMEN
A carne bovina é um importante segmento do agronegócio brasileiro, com significativa participação no valor das exportações do País. Visando manter-se competitivo frente às exigências do mercado externo, principalmente europeu, o Brasil implementou o Sistema de Identificação e Certificação de Bovinos e Bubalinos (SISBOV). Este sistema tem como objetivo monitorar toda cadeia produtiva brasileira, certificando que o Brasil exporta um produto livre de contaminação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as adequações que o Brasil realizou no seu sistema agroindustrial com a finalidade de atender ao mercado internacional. Utilizou-se uma metodologia exploratória, por meio de revisão bibliográfica no período de 2007 a 2015. A implantação de um sistema de rastreabilidade na indústria provocou uma série de modificações em toda a cadeia produtiva brasileira, porém, o alto custo deste sistema para o pecuarista, conjugado a pontos falhos na legislação brasileira, vem limitando o desempenho brasileiro. A necessidade de mais investimentos na cadeia produtiva torna-se inquestionável.
The brazilian feed has undergone great changes due to the need of fast and practical foods. Thus there is a great demand for ready meals, represented by the street food, increasing street food trade. Besides the ease in acquiring food ready for consumption, the quality verification necessary that the food reaches the consumer, from raw materials to finished product. The aimed of this work evaluate the implementation of good manufacturing practices in the handling of meat products from street vendors barbecue spit and establishments in fair of the Porto in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. It was evaluated through of observation in locu using checklist based on the current brazilian law, in ten different points of barbecue spit sales in the central region due to the large number of people daily circulate and eight meat marketing outlets in the fair of the Porto, much frequented by the region locals. The results of the item regarding human resources among street vendors showed 84% of noncompliance, regarding the general aspects of environmental conditions, 95% had non-compliance and for the general aspects of plant and equipment was obtained 58% of non-compliance, for the ten points of sales observed. Between the outlets of meat was observed 73,7% non-compliance to management the item raw material and 84% for evaluation of buildings and facilities. According to the checklist applied for verification of Good Manufacturing PracticeGMP in both data collection points, it is concluded that in general all points of sales are outside the standards set by legislation, not allowing the guarantee of food quality insurance to consumer health.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Exportación de Productos , Control y Fiscalización de Alimentos y Bebidas , Agroindustria , Carne/economía , Control de Calidad , Brasil , Contaminación de Alimentos/prevención & control , Alimentos Vendidos en la Vía Pública , Comercialización de ProductosRESUMEN
Esta pesquisa estudou se as variações dos fatores econômicos e comerciais podem influenciar a segurança alimentar no Brasil com enfoque na carne bovina. Utilizaram-se dados de preço da carne no varejo, consumo médio brasileiro, taxa de câmbio, Índice de Preços ao Consumidor (IPCA) e renda per capita. Os resultados mostraram dificuldade em obter os dados no Brasil. A taxa de câmbio não influenciou diretamente no preço da carne no varejo, mas positivamente na exportação. O aumento do preço e o IPCA causou diminuição do consumo, já o aumento da renda per capita causou aumento do consumo.
This research studied whether variations in the economic and commercial factors can influence food security in Brazil with a focus on beef. Were used data like meat price in retail, Brazilian average consumption, exchange rates, the Consumer Price Index (IPCA) and per capita income. The results showed difficulty in obtaining data in Brazil. The exchange rate did not influence directly the price of meat at retail, but positively on export. The price increase and the IPCA caused decreased consumption, since the increase in per capita income caused increased consumption.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Carne/economía , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil , Industria de la Carne/economía , Comercialización de ProductosRESUMEN
Avaliou-se o desempenho produtivo e econômico de três grupos genéticos de bovinos em sistema com recria a pasto e terminação em confinamento, com ciclo de produção de um ano. Foram utilizados 36 bovinos não castrados, com média de 270±50 dias de idade e peso médio inicial de 241,3±34kg, sendo 12 Guzolandos (1/2 Guzerá x 1/2 Holandês), 12 Guzonel (1/2 Guzerá x 1/2 Nelore) e 12 Tricross (1/2 Simental x 1/2 Guzonel). O delineamento estatístico foi inteiramente ao acaso. Os animais permaneceram em pastejo rotacionado de Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu, com suplementação comercial; na terminação, receberam dieta composta por silagem de sorgo e concentrado (50:50) durante 61 dias. Os índices de desempenho avaliados foram o ganho médio de peso diário (GMD), ganho médio de peso no período, peso corporal final e, como indicadores econômicos, a receita total, custo operacional total por arroba (COT/@), margem bruta e margem líquida. O GMD na recria foi semelhante (P>0,05) entre os grupos que apresentaram média de 746 e 456 gramas, respectivamente, para os períodos águas/transição águas-seca e seca. O COT/@ da recria do grupo Tricross (R$69,44) foi superior aos dos grupos Guzonel (R$66,75) e Guzolando (R$ 64,86). No período de terminação, o GMD foi semelhante entre os grupamentos, apresentanto o valor médio de 1,55kg. O COT/@ da terminação em confinamento foi R$ 91,48, R$114,15 e R$122,78, para Tricross, Guzonel e Guzolando, respectivamente. Considerando-se o sistema de ciclo curto completo, obteve-se COT/@ menor para o grupamento Tricross (R$77,92), seguido pelo grupamento Guzonel (R$ 74,89) e Guzolando (R$ 78,43). Nas condições de produção avaliadas, o grupo Tricross foi o mais eficiente economicamente.
The productive and economic performance of different beef genetic groups in a pasture-based growing system and feedlot finishing with one year cycle was evaluated. Thirty-six bulls from three groups F1Guzerat x Nellore F1 (GN); F1 Guzerá x Hosltein (GH) and F1 1/2 Simmental + 1/4 Guzerá + 1/4 Nellore (SG), with average age of 270 (± 30) days and average body weight of 241.3 (± 34.0) kg were utilized. The experimental design utilized was completely randomized (3 x 12). During the growing phase, bulls were kept in rotational Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu pastures, receiving commercial supplement; in the finishing phase, they received a diet containing sorghum silage and concentrate (50:50) for 61 days. The performance indices evaluated were average daily weight gain (ADG), average daily gain during the period (ADP), final body weight. Economic performance indicators were total revenue, total operating expenses per bushel (COT / @), gross margin and net margin. Average daily gain during the growing phase was similar (P> 0.05) among groups with an average of 746 and 456 grams, respectively, for the period's transitional rainy / dry season. The TOE/bushel recreates the grouping of SD (R$ 69.44) was higher than that of groups GN (R$ 66.75) and GH (R$ 64.86). In the finishing period, ADG was similar (P> 0.05) among groups with an average of 1.55kg. The TOE/bushel of the feedlot finishing were R$ 91.48, R$ 114.15 and R$ 122.78 respectively for SD, GN and GH groups. Considering the analysis of the short-cycle system, we obtained the lowest TOE/bushel for grouping SD (R$77.92) followed by grouping GN (R$ 74.89) and GH (R$ 78.43). These results provided higher profitability for the crosses SD (21.99%) compared to other intersections (18.92% and 18.31% respectively, and for GN and GH). In the conditions evaluated the SD group was the most economically efficient.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Alimentación Animal/economía , Alimentación Animal/estadística & datos numéricos , Carne/análisis , Carne/economía , Carne/provisión & distribución , EficienciaRESUMEN
In tropical forests, wild game meat represents an option or the only protein source for some human populations. This study analyzed the wildlife meat trade destined to human consumption in an open market of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil. Wildlife meat trade was monitored during 2005 through interviews to vendors and consumers in order to evaluate the socioeconomic profile of the sellers, the main species and byproducts sold, their geographical origin, commercial value, frequency of sale and product demand. Data indicated that vendors were financially highly dependant of this activity, getting a monthly income up to US$271.49. During the survey, the amount of wildlife meat on sale added a total of 5 970kg, as follows: 63.2% capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), 34.4% cayman (Melanosuchus niger and/or Caiman crocodilus crocodilus), 1.1% paca (Cuniculus paca); 0.6% armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus), 0.5% deer (Mazama americana), 0.2% matamata (Chelus fimbriatus), and 0.1% opossum (Didelphis marsupialis). Most of the commercialized species were not slaughtered locally. The consumption of wildlife meat was admitted by 94% of the interviewed, consisting of 27 ethno-species: 19 mammals, 6 reptiles, and 2 birds. The same percentage of the interviewed (94%) already bought wildlife meat of 18 species: 12 mammals and 6 reptiles. The great amount of wildlife meat traded and the important demand for these products by the local population, point out the necessity to adopt policies for a sustainable management of cinegetic species, guaranteeing the conservation of the environment, the improvement of living standards, and the maintenance of the local culture. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (3): 1079-1088. Epub 2010 September 01.
En los bosques tropicales, el consumo de carne silvestre representa una opción o la única fuente de proteínas para algunas poblaciones humanas. Este estudio analizó el comercio ilegal de carne de animales silvestres con fines alimenticios en un mercado de la Amazonia brasileña. El comercio de carne fue observado todo el año (2005), a través de entrevistas a los vendedores y consumidores, para la valoración del perfil socioeconómico de los comerciantes, determinar las principales especies y los subproductos vendidos, el origen geográfico, valor comercial, frecuencia de venta y demanda de los productos. Los datos indicaron que los comerciantes tenían una alta dependencia financiera de la actividad, obteniendo una renta mensual de US$ 271.49. Se observó la comercialización de 5 970kg de carne silvestre y su consumo fue confirmado por 94% de los entrevistados, que reportaron 27 etnoespecies: 19 mamíferos, seis reptiles y dos aves. El mismo porcentaje de los entrevistados (94%) han comprado carne de 18 especies silvestres: 12 mamíferos y seis reptiles. La mayoría del comercio ilegal de animales silvestres y la importante demanda de productos en la población local apuntan a la necesidad de políticas de desarrollo sostenible para las especies de caza, que garanticen la conservación del medio ambiente, una mejoría en la calidad de vida y la manutención cultural local.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Animales Salvajes , Comercio/estadística & datos numéricos , Carne/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil , Comercio/economía , Comercio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Carne/economía , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
Datos de cortes obtenidos de ganado bovino (hasta 1197 observaciones) fueron utilizados para desarrollar ecuaciones de predicción del rendimiento en cortes de valor (RCD), Porcentaje de hueso (PHUESO) y recortes de grasa (PGRASA). La condición sexual (CONSEXUAL) explicó el 43 por ciento y 30 por ciento de la variación en RCD y PGRASA, respectivamente. La mayor parte de la variación (>50 por ciento) en RCD, PHUESO y PGRASA no pudo ser explicada por su regresión lineal simple sobre cualquiera de los 13 rasgos de la canal considerados. Las variables incluidas para el análisis de regresión fueron CONSEXUAL, peso en canal (PCANAL), espesor de grasa dorsal (ESPEGRASA), área del ojo del lomo (AOL), porcentaje de grasa interna (GPR), acabado y conformacion. Las mejores ecuaciones fueron: RCD por ciento: 47,564 +2,281(CONSEXUAL) +0,003(PCANAL) -0,302(ESPEGRASA) +0,211(AOL) -1,237(GPR) +0,219(ACABADO) 0,659(CONFORMACION) (R2: +0,629; Cp-Mallows:8); PHUESO: por ciento 17,077 0,749(CONSEXUAL) 0,005(PCANAL) -0,097(ESPEGRASA) -0,064(AOL) -0,402(GPR) +0,2(ACABADO) +0,272 (CONFORMACION) (R2: 0,387; Cp-Mallows: 8); PGRASA por ciento: 9,628 +0,345(ESPEGRASA) -0,162(AOL) +1,733(GPR) -0,725(ACABADO) 0,134(CONFORMACIÓN) (R2: 0,80; Cp-Mallows: 5,74). Es necesario, en futuras experiencias validar las ecuaciones obtenidas antes de su recomendación y uso comercial.
Carcass fabrication yield (%) data (up to 1197) of Venezuelan cattle were collected to develop prediction equations of boneless, closely trimmed cuts (high plus medium-valued) (YCV), bone percentage (PBONE), and fat trimmings (PFAT). The sex condition (SEXCON) explained 43% and 30% of the variation on YCV and PFAT, respectively. The majority of the variation (50% or more) on YCV, PBONE, and PFAT could not be explained by its simple linear regression over any of the 13 carcass traits considered. The variates included for the regression analysis were SEXCON, Carcass Weight (CWEIGHT), Back Fat Thickness (BACKFAT), Loineye Area (LEA), Internal Fat Percentage (IFP), FINISH and CONFORMATION. The best equations were: YCV%: 47.564 +2.281(SEXCON) +0.003 (CWEIGHT) -0.302( BACKFAT) +0.211(LEA) -1.237(IFP) +0.219 (FINISH) -0.659 (CONFORMATION) (R2: 0.629; Mallow´s-Cp: 8); PBONE: %17.077 -0.749(SEXCON) -0.005 (CWEIGHT) -0.097(BACKFAT) -0.064(LEA) -0.402(IFP) +0.2 (FINISH) +0.272(CONFORMATION) (R2: 0.387; Mallow´s-Cp: 8); PFAT%: 9.628 +0.345(BACKFAT) -0.162(LEA) +1.733(IFP) -0.725(FINISH) -0.134(CONFORMATION) (R2: 0.80; Mallow´s-Cp: 5.74). The equation set presented here in must be subjected to practical and statistical validation.
Asunto(s)
Bovinos , Animales , Carne/economía , Industria Agropecuaria/economíaRESUMEN
Un modelo Logit fue especificado para evaluar los factores de decisión del lugar de compra de carne de res por los consumidores. Considerándose como población del estudio a los habitantes del municipio Maracaibo, las 554 carnicerías y los 24 supermercados existentes; se determinó una muestra de 110 carnicerías aleatoriamente por selección simple, y para los supermercados fue del tipo censal. Se aplicó un muestreo bietápico de 3 consumidores por carnicería y de 10 por supermercado para una muestra total de 570 habitantes. Los resultados indican que el ingreso familiar, el tipo de trabajo, la forma de pago, el número de miembros del hogar y la razón de compra son las variables significativas que explican la probabilidad de que un consumidor compre carne de res en un supermercado.
A Logit model was specified to evaluate the decision factors of beef purchase place by the consumers. The study population was the inhabitants of Maracaibo County, the 554 meat markets and the 24 existing supermarkets. A random sample of 110 meat markets was selected, and the sample for the supermarkets consisted of the census. A two-stage sampling was used surveying 3 consumers per meat market and of 10 per supermarket for a total sample of 570 inhabitants. Results indicate that the family income, the job type, the form of payment, the household size and the reason for purchase are the significant variables that explain the probability that a consumer buy beef in a supermarket.
Asunto(s)
Carne/economía , Producción de Alimentos , Comercialización de Productos , Industria Agropecuaria/economía , Productos de la CarneRESUMEN
La diarrea viral bovina (DVB) representa un problema de ámbito mundial que causa considerables pérdidas tanto en ganado de carne como lechero, afectándolo de diversas formas las cuales están supeditadas a la edad del animal, estado inmunológico y momento de la gestación en el que se produce la infección. La DVB es causada por un virus ARN, género Pestivirus, familia Flaviviridae, el cual ha sido clasificado en 2 biotipos (citopático y no citopático) según su comportamiento en células de cultivo y en 2 genotipos (I y II) basados en su secuencia genética. Dependiendo de las cepas infectantes se presenta un cuadro clínico particular variando en severidad desde una forma subclínica, pasando por la forma clínica e incluso produciendo la fatal enfermedad de las mucosas o causando efectos deletéreos sobre el feto. A pesar de que en nuestro medio ya existen estudios sobre esta entidad, la implementación de metodologías diagnósticas constituye una limitante para el manejo de la misma. La presente revisión se enfoca en la patogenia e inmunopatología de la DVB.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Carne/economía , Genética Microbiana/clasificación , PestivirusAsunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Bovinos/fisiología , Bovinos/genética , Bovinos/parasitología , Carne/economía , Crianza de Animales Domésticos/economía , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales , Fiebre Aftosa/patología , Fiebre Aftosa/prevención & control , Reproducción/fisiología , Reproducción/genéticaRESUMEN
Uma tendência marcante no mercado internacional de alimentos é a substituiçäo das carnes vermelhas pelas brancas, decorrente de mudanças no perfil do consumidor. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as mudanças que ocorreram nas exportaçöes brasileiras de carnes de 1968 a 1994 e verificar se as mudanças no padräo internacional de consumo vêm se refletindo sobre as exportaçöes de carnes. Um dos principais resultados observados foi a persistente tendência de aumento nas exportaçöes brasileiras de carnes, sustentada pelas carnes brancas
Asunto(s)
Comercio/tendencias , Carne/economía , Brasil , Economía de los Alimentos/economíaRESUMEN
A partir das matrizes de insumo-produto para o Brasil (1970, 1975 e 1980) foram feitas análises: (a) da importância dos setores de abate e preparaçäo de carnes; (b) dos índices de ligaçöes para trás e para a frente visando à determinaçäo de setores-chave; (c) dos índices puros; e (d) do conceito de campo de influência. Os resultados mostraram que a participaçäo dos setores de abate e preparaçäo de carnes na estrutura produtiva do Brasil se reduziu em cerca de 50 p/cento entre 1970 e 1980
Asunto(s)
Animales , Mataderos/economía , Industria de la Carne , Carne/economía , Brasil , Bovinos , Productos Avícolas/economía , PorcinosRESUMEN
Carne mecanicamente separada (CMS) de dorsos de frango foi submetida a 3 tratamentos: I) acondicionada em sacos de poletileno; II) tratada com BHA/BHT (0,01 por cento) e nitrito de sódio e embalada em sacos de polietileno e III) acondicionadas em sacos de poliamida/polietileno a vácuo. Nos 3 tratamentos, os mateirais foram estocados em câmara mantida à temperatura de 0 a 2oC. Como controle, a carne foi embalada em sacos de poliamida/alumínio/polipropileno a vácuo e estocada a -20oC. A vida-de-prateleira da CMS estocada sob refrigeraçäo foi avaliada por critérios microbiológicos, químicos e sensoriais. Para todos os tratamentos, as contagens de psicotróficos, proteolíticos e mesófilos, inicialmente na faixa de 10(4) - 10(5) UFC/g. atingiram valores acima de 10(6) entre 5 e 7 dias. Até o quinto dia, as amostras embaladas a vácuo apresentaram menores contagens, abaixo de 10(6), mas ao final de 10 dias de estocagem, as amostras tratadas com BHA/BHT e nitrito apresentaram menores contagens, abaixo de 10(8). As avaliaçöes sensoriais de cor e odor indicaram que até o sétimo dia de estocagem somente as amostras do tratamento I apresentaram odor estranho, mas após 10 dias de estocagem somente as amostras do tratamento II apresentavam-se satisfatórias. Os teores de hipoxantina e de malonaldeído (TBA) näo mostraram boa correlaçäo com as determinaçöes microbiológicas, ao contrário dos teores de BVT que estiveram altamente correlacionados com as contagens microbiológicas. Esses resultados indicaram que a vida de prateleira de CMS de dorso de frango, embalada em sacos de polietileno e estocada entre 0 a 2oC, seira de 3 a 5 dias. Este tempo poderia ser estendido por pelo menos 2 dias com a adiçäo de BHA/BHT e nitrito ou pelo uso de embalagens a vácuo
Asunto(s)
Aves de Corral/microbiología , Conservación de Alimentos/clasificación , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Embalaje de Alimentos , Semivida , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Carne/economía , Carne/microbiología , Nylons/análisis , Polietilenos/análisisRESUMEN
El presente estudio se realizó en la región centronorte del estado de Veracruz con el objeto de evaluar el potencial productivo de los pastos Estrella Sto. Domingo (Cynodon nlemfuensis) y Tenner (Brachiaria radicans) en la producci;on de carne bajo condiciones de pastoreo. Se utilizaron 29 animales 3/4 Holstein x 1/4 Cebú con peso y edad promedio de 171.3 kg y 12 meses respectivamente. Los animales pastorearon en 6.0 ha sembradas con pasto Estrella Sto. Domingo divididas en 6 potreros de 1.0 ha cada una y además 3.0 ha establecido con pasto Tanner divididas en 3 potreros de 1.0 ha cada una. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Pasto Estrella Sto. Domingo con 1.7 U.A./ha (Tratamiento 1); Pasto Estrella Santo Domingo con 2.5 U.A./ha (Tratamiento 2) y Pasto Tanner con 2.0 U.A./ha (Tratamiento 3). El sistema de pastoreo fue rotacional, con 14 días de ocupación y 28 de descanso. Asimismo, se estimó la disponibilidad forrajera antes y después del pastoreo en cada área y se determinó el contenido de proteína en muestras de forraje colectadas en animales fistulados en el esófago. El análisis estadístico fue completamente al azar y las medidas de ganancias de peso se compararon mediante la prueba del rango múltiple de Duncan. Las ganancias diarias de peso para T-1, T-2 y T-3 fueron de 676.0, 606.0 y 558.0 g respectivamente (P > 0.05). La producción de carne por hectárea por año para los mismos tratamientos fue de 560.0, 795.9 y 578.3 kg respectivamente, siendo el valor de T-2 estadísticamente diferente (P< 0.05) en relación con T-1 y T-3 . Se concluye que el pasto Estrella Sto. Domingo utilizado con 2.5 U.A./ha es la alternativa más viable para incrementar la producción de carne bovina bajo condiciones de pastoreo en el trópico.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Modalidades Alimentarias , Carne/economía , Bovinos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Bovinos/metabolismo , Carne/provisión & distribución , Producción de Alimentos/economíaRESUMEN
Uruguay is situated in a marginal area for the development of Boophilus microplus (30- 35- South Lat.) with important areas of enzootic instability for Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. The livestock products represent 70% of our exports, for wich reason it is fundamental to evaluate the losses in the production that these haemoparasites cause as basic information to take future decisions. In the period 1988-1990, several works were carried out by our laboratory to know the incidence of babesiosis in the reduction of liveweight gains. The results are shown and discussed in the work. Experiment I: the weight increase of the control group (x = 0,248kg/day), was 23% higher than that of the infected group with Babesia spp (from Uruguay), but significant statistical differences were not found (P < 0,05). These animals were kept in boxes and the food was controlled for 76 days. Experiment II: the incidence of Babesis spp (same strain ) was studied for 140 on Hereford heifers (n = 14) on natural pastures. The control group obtained x = 25,29kg of liveweight gain and it was 45% higher than that of the infected group, significant statistical difference were found (P < 0,05). Experiments with attenuated strains III: four studies were carried out inoculating B. bovis and B. bigemina in bovines about one year old, in different growth systems, searching for the limit of application. Significant statistical differences between those groups were found during the experiment (about 180 days) (P < 0,05). Experiment combining and pathogenic strains IV: the liveweight gain, in immune and challanged group (n = 14) was the same than that of the unchallenged group and did not show significant statistical differences (P < 0,05). However the control challenged group had less weight gain and statistical differences were found (P < 0,05). Although this is a preliminary information, it shows that: (a) the incidence of babesiosis on the reduction of weight gains is important; (b) the decrease in weight gain was not observed when attenuated strains were used; when the challenge was done in immunized animals, losses in liveweight gain were not observed. These results are discussed in order to plan future studies in different real systems of production