RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: Identify levels of self-perception of occupational performance and quality of life of individuals with visual impairment and subsequent analysis of the interrelationship between the indices found. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey with people with visual disabilities enrolled in visual rehabilitation program. COPM was applied to measure the self-perception of occupational performance, the SF-36 for quality of life measurement and a socio-demographic questionnaire to describe personal characteristics. Results. Twentythree subjects were included in the sample: 74% with low vision, 52.2% were female and mean age of 46.7 years. The self-perception of performance and emotional aspects domains of participants with low vision were better than those with blindness. The greater the time of visual impairment, worse was the self-perception of pain. The vitality domain showed statistical significant relationship with the domains general health, performance and satisfaction as well as the mental health domain were related to general health, pain, performance and vitality. Conclusion: The best were the mental health index, the better were the evaluations of physical, functional and social areas, a fact that indicates the importance of considering mental health in visual rehabilitation programs. The COPM and the SF-36 address the issue of functionality in different ways and their results are not compatible.
Objetivo: Identificar níveis de autopercepção de desempenho ocupacional e qualidade de vida de indivíduos com deficiência visual e posterior análise de inter-relação entre os índices encontrados. Métodos: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal junto a pessoas com deficiência visual inscritas em programa de reabilitação visual. Foram utilizados os questionários COPM para mensuração da autopercepção de desempenho ocupacional, SF-36 para mensuração de níveis de qualidade de vida e questionário de investigação sociodemográfico e perfil dos sujeitos. Resultados: Vinte três sujeitos compuseram a amostra, sendo 74% com baixa visão, 52,2% do gênero feminino e média de idade de 46,7 anos. A autopercepção de desempenho e aspectos emocionais dos participantes com baixa visão foram melhores do que os com cegueira. Quanto maior era o tempo de deficiência visual, pior era a avaliação da dor. O domínio vitalidade apresentou relação estatisticamente significativa com os domínios estado geral de saúde, desempenho e satisfação, assim como o domínio saúde mental apresentou relação com estado geral de saúde, dor, desempenho e vitalidade. Conclusão: Quanto melhores foram os índices de saúde mental, melhores foram as avaliações dos domínios físicos, funcionais e sociais, fato que indica a importância de considerar a saúde mental em programas de reabilitação. A COPM e a SF-36 abordam a questão da funcionalidade de maneiras distintas e seus resultados não são compatíveis.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Autoimagen , Actividades Cotidianas , Personas con Daño Visual/psicología , Personas con Daño Visual/rehabilitación , Ceguera/psicología , Ceguera/rehabilitación , Baja Visión/psicología , Baja Visión/rehabilitación , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Terapia Ocupacional , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Vida Independiente , Relaciones InterpersonalesRESUMEN
Considerando os atrasos que a ausência da visão acarreta, o trabalho de intervenção precoce torna-se um mediador essencial para que a criança com cegueira possa se desenvolver da melhor forma possível. Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar e comparar o desempenho e a necessidade de assistência nas habilidades funcionais de uma criança cega antes e após um período de intervenção terapêutica ocupacional. Participou do estudo uma criança de um ano e seis meses, do sexo feminino, com cegueira congênita, atendida em um programa de habilitação e reabilitação em deficiência visual. Utilizou-se o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade antes e após um período de três meses de atendimento para avaliar o desempenho das habilidades funcionais. A análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada de forma quantitativa, comparando os escores obtidos nos dois momentos de avaliação, e qualitativa pela observação dos vídeos. Houve melhora em todas as áreas das habilidades após o período das sessões, sendo possível concluir a eficácia do atendimento terapêutico ocupacional em intervenção precoce com crianças com cegueira congênita.
Considering possible delays that the absence of vision can result, the work of early intervention becomes anessential mediator for the child with blindness can develop the best possible way. This study objectived to evaluate and to compare the performance and the aid for perform the funcional habilities of a blind child before and after the treatment of occupacionaltherapy. Participated in the study a child of one year and six months, female, with congenital blindness, that receiving care in a habilitation and rehabilitation program in visual impairment. The Inventory Pediatric Evaluation of Disability has been usedbefore and after a period of three months of treatment to assess the performance of functional abilities. The descriptive analysis was performed quantitatively comparing the scores obtained in the two moments of evaluation, and qualitative in the observation of the videos. There was improvement in all areas of skills after a period of sessions, that is possible to conclude the effectiveness of occupational therapy services in early intervention with children with congenital blindness.
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Humanos , Femenino , Lactante , Evaluación de Resultados de Intervenciones Terapéuticas , Ceguera/rehabilitación , Desarrollo Infantil , Terapia OcupacionalRESUMEN
Objetive: To describe the characteristics of people with visual impairment who participated in the Visual Rehabilitation Groups, according to the ICD-10 and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Methods: Quantitative, cross-sectional survey, developed in a university rehabilitation research center between october and december 2012. The users from the Visual Rehabilitation Groups were invited; 13 of them agreed to participate. We performed an occupational therapy evaluation – with anamnesis, performance evaluation and functional vision assessment – an analysis of medical charts and patient description with the use of the ICF Results: The major causes of visual impairment were diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, optical neuritis and keratoconus. Some functions and structures of the body, performance and capabilities in activities and participation, environmental factors facilitators or limiters were highlighted in this study, allowing the description of the characteristics of each participant through the functionality and the improvement of the therapeutic planning. Assistive technologies, optical and non-optical aids used and their everyday benefits were presented. Conclusion: Visual loss, at any level, led to functional impairments, limiting and restricting the participation and performance in everyday activities, interfering with the individuals’ independence, autonomy and quality of life. However, the use of optical aids, non-optical aids and environmental adaptations proved to be beneficial for increasing the functionality, showing the influence of external factors on the performance. Knowing and recognizing the existence of diversities within the visual impairment universe allows us to understand who the treated individual is, avoiding the generalization by the visual condition. The ICF showed to have a fundamental role in this context. .
Objetivo: Descrever as características das pessoas com deficiência visual participantes de Grupos de Reabilitação Visual, segundo a CID-10 e a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). Métodos: Pesquisa quantitativa de corte transversal, desenvolvida em um centro universitário de pesquisas em reabilitação entre outubro e dezembro de 2012. Usuários de Grupos de Reabilitação Visual foram convidados, sendo 13 os que aceitaram participar. Foi realizada avaliação de terapia ocupacional – com anamnese, avaliação de desempenho e avaliação funcional da visão – consulta aos prontuários e a classificação dos participantes utilizando a CIF. Resultados: As principais causas de deficiência visual foram retinopatia diabética, glaucoma, neurite óptica e ceratocone. Algumas funções e estruturas do corpo, desempenho e capacidades em atividades e participação, fatores ambientais facilitadores ou limitadores foram destacados neste estudo, possibilitando descrever as características de cada participante por meio de sua funcionalidade e auxiliando no planejamento terapêutico. Tecnologias assistivas, auxílios ópticos e não ópticos utilizados e seus benefícios cotidianos foram apresentados. Conclusão: A perda visual, em qualquer nível, levou a prejuízos funcionais, limitando e restringindo a participação e o desempenho em atividades cotidianas, interferindo na independência, autonomia e qualidade de vida dos sujeitos. Entretanto, o uso de recursos ópticos, não ópticos, auxílios e adaptações ambientais mostraram-se benéficos para a ampliação da funcionalidade, evidenciando a influência de fatores externos no desempenho do indivíduo. Conhecer e reconhecer a existência da diversidade dentro do universo da deficiência visual possibilita entender quem é o sujeito atendido, evitando a generalização pela condição visual, tendo a CIF papel fundamental nesse contexto. .
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Ceguera/clasificación , Ceguera/rehabilitación , Baja Visión/clasificación , Baja Visión/rehabilitación , Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades , Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud , Actividades Cotidianas , Ceguera/etiología , Baja Visión/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Terapia Ocupacional , Evaluación de la DiscapacidadAsunto(s)
Ceguera/rehabilitación , Descompresión Quirúrgica , Oftalmopatía de Graves/cirugía , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/cirugía , Órbita/cirugía , Percepción Visual/fisiología , Adulto , Anciano , Ceguera/fisiopatología , Femenino , Oftalmopatía de Graves/diagnóstico por imagen , Oftalmopatía de Graves/fisiopatología , Humanos , Luz , Masculino , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades del Nervio Óptico/fisiopatología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Agudeza Visual/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Study aimed to develop and assess an educational game on psychoactive drugs accessible to blind individuals, conducted in three steps: development of the educative game, evaluation by three special education experts, and assessment by twelve blind individuals. As a result, a board game called Drugs: staying clean was developed. In the Alpha version, experts made suggestions regarding the game rules and instructions and the board base, including square texture, game pieces, and Braille writing. In Beta version, we proceeded to the assessment by the blind participants, who suggested changes in the square texture and the addition of Velcro-type material to fix the counters on the board. Then, the Gamma version was played by the last pairs of blind players and was considered by them to be adequate. In the evaluation of the experts, the game was appropriate, as it allowed access to information on psychoactive drugs in a ludic and playful manner.
Asunto(s)
Ceguera , Educación del Paciente como Asunto/métodos , Juego e Implementos de Juego , Psicotrópicos , Ceguera/rehabilitación , HumanosRESUMEN
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo visou identificar e analisar criticamente a autonomia pessoal e social de pessoas com deficiência visual (cegueira) após passarem por serviços de reabilitação em uma única instituição especializada. Métodos: O método utilizado na pesquisa possuiu enfoque qualitativo, através da organização de questionários e entrevistas para a coleta dos dados. Foram sujeitos deste estudo pessoas com deficiência visual (cegueira), que passaram pela reabilitação, e os respectivos familiares que acompanharam o processo. O estudo envolveu seis pessoas com deficiência visual, egressos da Unidade para Reabilitação de Deficientes Visuais - URDV entre os anos de 2002 a 2009, além dos seis familiares, correspondendo um para cada pessoa com deficiência visual. Resultados: Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a reabilitação proporcionou alternativas para mudanças determinantes para as pessoas com deficiência visual em seu contexto social. Conclusão: A pesquisa evidenciou que a conquista, ou a reconquista da autonomia pessoal e social dessa população foi alcançada, propiciando, consequentemente, uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Objective:This study aims to identify and critically examine the personal and social autonomy of visually impaired people (blindness) after undergoing rehabilitation services in a single specialized institution. Methods: The method used in the study possessed qualitative approach, by organizing interviews and questionnaires to collect data. Study subjects are visually impaired people (blindness), who went through rehab, and their family members who accompanied the process.. The study involved the six people with visual impairments, graduates of the Unit for Rehabilitation of the Visually Impaired - URDV between the years 2002 and 2009, and six family members, one member to each person with visual impairment. Results: The survey results indicate that rehabilitation provided alternatives for determining changes to people with visual impairments in their socialcontext. Conclusion: This research showed that the conquest or reconquest of personal and social autonomy of this population was reached, providing thus a better quality of life.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ceguera/rehabilitación , Familia , Autonomía Personal , Personas con Daño Visual/rehabilitación , Calidad de Vida , Investigación Cualitativa , Servicios de RehabilitaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and to evaluate the management of patients with visual disabilities attending at the CEPRE Rehabilitation Program of University of Campinas. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out based on medical records of patients with visual disabilities attending a vision rehabilitation program. The following variables were studied: gender, age, marital status, level of schooling, social security status, origin, type and cause of visual disability and vision rehabilitation actions. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 155 patients, 55.5 percent males, aged between 12 and 88 years, mean age 41 years old, 34.8 percent were blind and 65.2 percent with low vision disability. Of those blind patients, 81.8 percent reported acquired blindness, and the leading cause was diabetic retinopathy (33.3 percent), followed by glaucoma (16.6 percent), and retinal detachment (15.0 percent). Of those patients with low vision disability, 14.9 percent had diabetic retinopathy, 14.9 percent hereditary syndromes, and 10.9 percent age-related macular degeneration. Vision rehabilitation therapy included interdisciplinary team consultations helping patients go through the mourning process for the loss or impairment of vision, and promoting the enhancement of their skills for performing activities of daily living independently. The management of patients with low vision was also focused on vision rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: The health of the eyes of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes is at risk. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was found to be a cause for visual disability, suggesting the need to assess these patients' access to health care and rehabilitation and promote health education for changing habits and improving quality of life.
OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência da retinopatia diabética e as condutas desenvolvidas entre deficientes visuais atendidos pelo Programa de Reabilitação no CEPRE da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. MÉTODOS: O estudo retrospectivo transversal foi desenvolvido a partir da análise de prontuários de pacientes que participaram do programa de reabilitação de deficientes visuais, considerando-se as variáveis: sexo, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, situação de seguridade, procedência, tipo e a causa da deficiência visual e condutas reabilitacionais. RESULTADOS: A casuística constou de 155 pacientes, 55,5 por cento do sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 12 e 88 anos, média de idade de 41 anos, 34,8 por cento cegos e 65,2 por cento com baixa visão. Dos cegos, 81,8 por cento tinham cegueira adquirida, sendo a retinopatia diabética (33,3 por cento) a causa prevalente da cegueira, seguida por glaucoma (16,6 por cento) e descolamento de retina (15,0 por cento). Dos pacientes com baixa visão, 14,9 por cento apresentavam a retinopatia diabética e síndromes hereditárias somaram 14,9 por cento, seguido pela degeneração macular associada à idade (10,9 por cento). As condutas reabilitacionais desenvolvidas para os pacientes com deficiência visual constaram de atendimentos com equipe interdisciplinar propiciando a elaboração do luto pela perda ou diminuição visual, potencializando as habilidades para o desempenho independente e autônomo nas atividades do cotidiano. Entre os pacientes com baixa visão, as condutas enfocaram a reabilitação visual. CONCLUSÃO: Doenças crônicas como o diabetes constituem risco para a saúde ocular. Destacou-se a prevalência da retinopatia diabética entre as causas da deficiência visual, indicando a necessidade de se avaliar o acesso ao atendimento médico e às ações de reabilitação e educação em saúde favorecendo as mudanças de hábitos e qualidade de vida dos pacientes.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trastornos de la Visión/rehabilitación , Ceguera/rehabilitación , Personas con Daño Visual/rehabilitación , Retinopatía Diabética/epidemiología , Educación de Personas con Discapacidad Visual , Calidad de Vida , Actividades Cotidianas , Ceguera/etiología , Baja Visión/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Personas con Daño Visual/estadística & datos numéricos , Retinopatía Diabética/complicacionesRESUMEN
This paper presents the design and first prototype of the TactoBook system, a novel concept of reading assistive device that aims to make eBooks accessible to the blind. The TactoBook consists of a computer-based software translator that converts fast and automatically any eBook into Braille. The Braille version of the eBook is then encrypted as a file and stored in a USB memory drive which is later inserted and reproduced in a compact, lightweight, and highly-portable tactile terminal. Braille readers can store multiple eBooks in the same USB and access/reproduce them in the tactile terminal without this being plugged to a computer. The first Braille terminal developed is a 10-cell prototype based on a piezoelectric ultrasonic actuation approach. Its overall performance is quite similar to the one obtained with traditional Braille terminals. However, unlike them, the full device is only 1 kg mass and its compact dimensions (20 × 15 × 10 cm) make it easily carried by the user. A technical overview of all subsystems is presented and discussed.
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Ceguera/rehabilitación , Lectura , Auxiliares Sensoriales , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Computadores , Diseño de Equipo , Humanos , Programas Informáticos , TactoRESUMEN
This paper presents preliminary work towards the evaluation of an on-shoe tactile display that enables users to obtain information through the sense of touch of their feet. A series of experiments were designed to determine the performances of 20 healthy sighted and 5 blind voluntary subjects. Tests evaluated the perception of simple shapes, patterns, and directional instructions. Results show that some information is discriminable and that tactile-foot stimulation could be used for a wide number of applications in human-machine interaction. In particular, results suggest that the blind perform better in some key tasks and that it is feasible to exploit podotactile feedback for mobility and navigation assistance of the blind.
Asunto(s)
Ceguera/rehabilitación , Retroalimentación , Pie/fisiología , Monitoreo Ambulatorio/métodos , Dispositivos de Autoayuda , Visión Ocular , Adolescente , Adulto , Algoritmos , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Sistemas Hombre-Máquina , Reconocimiento de Normas Patrones Automatizadas , Tacto/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Concept mapping is a technique that allows for the strengthening of the learning process, based on graphic representations of the learner's mental schemes. However, due to its graphic nature, it cannot be utilized by learners with visual disabilities. In response to this limitation we implemented a study that involves the design of AudiodMC, an audio-based, virtual environment for concept mapping designed for use by blind users and aimed at virtual training and rehabilitation. We analyzed the stages involved in the design of AudiodMC from a user-centered design perspective, considering user involvement and usability testing. These include an observation stage to learn how blind learners construct conceptual maps using concrete materials, a design stage to design of a software tool that aids blind users in creating concept maps, and a cognitive evaluation stage using AudiodMC. We also present the results of a study implemented in order to determine the impact of the use of this software on the development of essential skills for concept mapping (association, classification, categorization, sorting and summarizing). The results point to a high level of user acceptance, having identified key sound characteristics that help blind learners to learn concept codification and selection skills. The use of AudiodMC also allowed for the effective development of the skills under review in our research, thus facilitating meaningful learning.
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Ceguera/rehabilitación , Simulación por Computador , Aprendizaje/fisiología , Adolescente , Recursos Audiovisuales , Niño , Cognición/fisiología , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas Informáticos , Interfaz Usuario-ComputadorRESUMEN
Since 1960 many attempts have been made to develop visual prostheses for the blind; most of the devices based on the production of phosphenes through electrical stimulation with microelectrodes at the retina, optic nerve, lateral geniculate or occipital lobe are incapable to reconstruct a coherent retinotopic map (coordinate match between the image and the visual perception of the patient); furthermore they display important restrictions at the biomaterial level that hinder their final implantation through surgical techniques which at present time offers more risks than benefits to the patient. Considering the new theories about intermodal perception it is possible the acquisition of visual information through other senses; The Micromechanics and Mecatronics Group (GMM) from The Center of Applied Sciences and Technological Development at The National Autonomous University of Mexico by this paper, describes the experimental design and psychophysical data necessary for the construction of a visual sensory substitution prostheses with a vibrotactile system. The vibrotactile mechanism locates different bars over the epidermis in a predetermined way to reproduce a point by point matrix order in a logical sequence of rows and columns that allow the construction of an image with an external device that not require invasive procedures.
Asunto(s)
Ceguera/rehabilitación , Prótesis e Implantes , Fenómenos Biofísicos , Electrodos , Humanos , Diseño de Prótesis , TactoAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Baja Visión/diagnóstico , Baja Visión/terapia , Ceguera/diagnóstico , Ceguera/rehabilitación , Ceguera/terapia , Organizaciones sin Fines de Lucro/organización & administración , Organizaciones sin Fines de Lucro , Servicios de Salud del Niño/organización & administración , Servicios de Salud del Niño , Servicios de Salud del NiñoRESUMEN
This study presents the design, implementation, and usability evaluation of AudioNature, an audio-based interface implemented for pocketPC devices to assist science learning in users with visual impairments. The usability evaluation sessions helped to redesign the interface and adjust it to the user's mental model while operating a pocketPC mobile device. Users accepted the interface, enjoyed the interaction with AudioNature, felt motivated, and learned science. Cognitive evaluations provided evidence that points toward gains in problem-solving skills and showed that game-based learning activities facilitate the user's interaction with the software. Users showed more self-confidence when designing and elaborating action theories to solve the problems posed.
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Ceguera/rehabilitación , Equipos de Comunicación para Personas con Discapacidad , Instrucción por Computador , Computadoras de Mano , Ciencia/educación , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Adulto , Actitud hacia los Computadores , Simulación por Computador , Retroalimentación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Motivación , Solución de Problemas , Juegos de VideoRESUMEN
A number of virtual environments have been developed during the last years. Among them there are some applications for blind people based on different type of audio, from simple sounds to 3-D audio. In this study, we pursued a different approach. We designed AudioMUD by using spoken text to describe the environment, navigation, and interaction. We have also introduced some collaborative features into the interaction between blind users. The core of a multiuser MUD game is a networked textual virtual environment. We developed AudioMUD by adding some collaborative features to the basic idea of a MUD and placed a simulated virtual environment inside the human body. This paper presents the design and usability evaluation of AudioMUD. Blind learners were motivated when interacted with AudioMUD and helped to improve the interaction through audio and interface design elements.
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Ceguera/rehabilitación , Equipos de Comunicación para Personas con Discapacidad , Instrucción por Computador/métodos , Almacenamiento y Recuperación de la Información/métodos , Procesamiento de Lenguaje Natural , Telemedicina/métodos , Interfaz Usuario-Computador , Adolescente , Adulto , Conducta Cooperativa , Femenino , Humanos , Difusión de la Información/métodos , Internet , MasculinoRESUMEN
Information technologies are increasingly helping to integrate and socially include people with visual disabilities. Computing technologies have contributed grandly to attain this goal through innovative techniques and applications. Virtual environments, I/O interfaces, and sound based applications altogether with usability and cognitive impact studies are some of the most used research designs for children with visual disabilities. This study presents the design and usability evaluation of three-dimensional (3D) interactive environments for children with visual disabilities. We introduce AudioChile and AudioVida, interactive virtual environments that can be navigated through 3D sound to enhance spatiality and immersion throughout the environments 3D sound is used to orientate, to avoid obstacles, and to identify the position of diverse personages and objects within the environment. Usability evaluation results indicated that sound can be fundamental for attention and motivation purposes during interaction.