El uso correcto del teléfono inteligente en la fotografía estética del área facial: consejos y trucos / The correct use of the smartphone in aesthetic photography for the facial area: tips & tricks

Introducción y objetivo: Una galería fotográfica estandarizada con alto valor clínico depende de una correcta técnica, adecuada selección de tecnología y el entendimiento de ambas por el médico. Los teléfonos celulares inteligentes y sus cámaras digitales tienen ventajas de versatilidad, omni-presencia y accesibilidad con el mismo nivel de calidad requerida para fotografía clínica; también ofrecen una alternativa a un costo razonable y son más prácticos, sin embargo, presentan algunas limitantes. El objetivo de este artículo es proponer estrategias para sobreponerse ante estas limitantes y así ajustarse a las normas de estandarización en la fotografía clínica. Material y método: Revisamos la literatura actual sobre uso de teléfonos celulares con cámara digital en Medicina, tomando artículos con múltiples guías sobre estandarización y recomendaciones para fotografía clínica. Buscamos los manuales y las características de un teléfono inteligente iPhone 8s Plus® y una cámara Digital SLR (Single Lens Reflex) Sony® SLT A55V, estudiamos sus características y diferencias, Resultados: Comparando ambas tecnologías, identificamos las diferencias y sus limitantes individuales, con las cuales proponemos una serie de recomendaciones para obtener toma fotográfica mediante teléfono inteligente con cámara digital de tipo y calidad científica dentro de los parámetros de estandarización actuales. Conclusiones: El teléfono inteligente con cámara digital es un dispositivo electrónico versátil, portátil, útil y sencillo de usar para tomas fotográficas de alta calidad científica, siempre y cuando se cuente con un adecuado nivel de entendimiento de la tecnología en uso para superar sus limitaciones sin riesgo de sesgo. (AU)

Background and objective: A standardized photographic gallery with high clinical value depends on a correct technique, adequate selection of technology and the understanding of these by the physician. Smartphones and their digital cameras have advantages of versatility, omnipresence and accessibility with the same level of quality required for clinical photography, they also offer an alternative at a reasonable cost and being more practical, however, they have some limitations. The objective of the paper is to propose strategies to overcome these limitations and thus remain within the guidelines of standardization in clinical photography. Methods: The current literature on the use of smartphones with digital cameras in Medicine is described; articles with multiple guidelines on standardization and recommendations regarding clinical photography were taken. The manuals and characteristics of an iPhone 8s Plus® smartphone and a Sony® SLT A55V Digital SLR (Single Lens Reflex) camera were searched, their characteristics, differences were studied, Results: Comparing both technologies, the differences and their individual limitations were identified with which a series of recommendations were proposed which allow to obtain photographic shots by means of a smartphone with a digital camera of scientific type and quality within the current standardization parameters. Conclusions: Smartphone with a digital camera is a versatile, portable, useful and easy-to-use electronic device for high-quality scientific photographic taking, as long as you have an adequate level of understanding of the technology in use to overcome its limitations without risk of bias. (AU)

Overcoming the Patent Gap: A Guide to Patenting for Plastic Surgeons.

BACKGROUND: Patenting protects innovation, fosters academic incentives, promotes competition, and generates new revenue for clinician-inventors and their institutions. Despite these benefits, and despite plastic surgery's history of innovation, plastic surgery-related patent applications are few. The goal of this article was to use unpublished data and formulate a robust discussion. METHODS: The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office's boolean search was investigated between the timeline of 1975 and June 23, 2020, to identify patents related to the key phrases to contrast patent (both, issued and filed) tally in each specialty. Queries for two key phrases related to plastic surgery and a core plastic surgical activity, both with and without the added term "plastic surgery," were performed. RESULTS: Total patents with "cardiology" outnumber those with "plastic surgery" by 22,450 versus 7749 (i.e., almost 3:1). The overwhelming number of patents with "cosmetic" are non-plastic-surgery related: 87,910 total versus 2782 for those with plastic surgery. The corresponding numbers for "wound healing" are 36,359 versus 2703. Reasons for the patent gap between clinical innovations in plastic surgery and number of patents in our field are identified. Clear steps to bridge this gap are delineated that include a step-by-step process for patenting, from idea creation through commercialization. The authors propose "breakthrough to bank," a framework wherein academic medical centers can create an environment of innovative freedom, establish the infrastructure for technological transfer of intellectual property, and generate a pipeline toward commercial applications. CONCLUSIONS: Innovation and inventions are important hallmarks for the progress of plastic surgery. Using a stepwise process, it may be possible to convert ideas into patents.

Bringing Your Idea to the Market: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons.

SUMMARY: The progress of biotechnology, medical instruments, and applied sciences contributes to a rapidly expanding space for the advancement of the medical field. Surgeons experience first-hand the limitations of current medical devices and thus have unique insight into problems that could be solved with new products. The process of turning an idea into a product capable of success in the marketplace, however, is often unfamiliar to surgeons. The authors seek to illuminate this process and provide an ordered list of tasks that can make bringing ideas to market more achievable for surgeons. The first step in this process is the generation and protection of a new idea. Next, the process of making an idea into a product is outlined. This phase involves team assembly, business planning, and product development. Market research and valuation are key to understanding how a product can be applied in the market, and meticulous research during this phase allows for informed decision-making that will help secure funding down the road. Finally, various options for financing are discussed and compared to help surgeon-entrepreneurs find an option that best fits their project, and steps to maximize leverage are described. The development of new products can be a complicated process for surgeons. Organized into four phases, with ordered instructional steps to advance through each phase, the process of bringing an idea to the market is clarified. Facilitating this process will possibly contribute to the continual improvement of medical and surgical abilities through the introduction of new devices and technologies.

A Prospective Randomized Trial of N-butyl-cyanoacrylate + Metacryloxysulfolane Adhesive versus Suture Alone for Grafting in Rhinoplasty: 9 year Follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: Use of cyanoacrylate glue in facial plastic surgery is still controversial due to the absence of long-term follow up showing the results. Aim of our study is comparing the long-term outcomes of N-butyl-cyanoacrylate + Metacryloxysulfolane versus traditional sutures in rhinoplasty. METHODS: Prospective comparative study. One hundred forty-two patients affected by ptotic nasal tip were included and randomized in two groups. In group A, the surgeon fixed the graft by using the glue and suture and in group B by using the traditional suture only. The following data were collected and compared by statistical analysis: nasolabial angle before and after surgery, dimensions of the graft, duration time (in minutes) for graft application during the surgery, number of sutures applied to fix the graft, presence of post-surgery negative outcomes. RESULTS: All patients statistically improved their nasolabial angle after surgery (ANOVA: P < .0001) without statistically significant differences between the two groups both at short and long follow-up (χ:P = 1 and P = .9 respectively). A statistically significant difference in graft fixation time (P < .00001) and number of sutures (t: P < .00001) used was observed between the two groups. No statistically significant difference was observed in prevalence of infection after surgery. CONCLUSION: N-butyl-cyanoacrylate + Metacryloxysulfolane could be a valid tool to reduce the necessary number of sutures and to reduce the time required for graft fixation graft fixation with consistent results in long-term follow-up.

What Is Your Reality? Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality in Plastic Surgery Training, Education, and Practice.

SUMMARY: Virtual reality and other technological advancements both inside and outside the operating room have shown an exponential increase in the past two decades. Surgical technique and finesse in delicate procedures have become ever more important, and the onus is on plastic surgeons and plastic surgery residents to meet these needs to provide the best outcomes possible to patients. The ability to learn, simulate, and practice operating in a fashion that poses no harm to any patient is truly a gift from technology to surgery that any surgeon could benefit from, whether trainee or attending. This application of technology and simulation has been demonstrated in other fields such as in the airline industry with flight simulation. The ability to learn, synthesize, and incorporate learned materials and ideas through virtual, augmented, and mixed reality tools offers a great opportunity to put our field at the forefront of a paradigm shift in surgical education. The critical utility of digital education could not be further emphasized any more than in the unfortunate and infrequent situation of a worldwide pandemic. This article reviews some of the important recent technologies that have developed and their applications in plastic surgery education and offers a look into what we can expect in the future.

Evaluating, Purchasing, and Incorporating High-Tech Equipment into a Facial Plastic Surgery Practice.

In this article the authors discuss and analyze technological devices also known as energy-based devices and their use in skin rejuvenation, facial contouring, skin tightening, and other applications in facial plastic surgery. Energy has been applied in some form to tissue since the beginning of recorded history. The practice of applying heat to tissue with the use of cauters was used for thousands of years as an invaluable method of controlling hemorrhage. Continuous improvement of methods for using the beneficial effects of heat on tissue eventually led to the development of the basic concepts of electrosurgery we know today.

Plastic Surgery Innovation with 3D Printing for Craniomaxillofacial Operations.

Plastic Surgery restores unique human qualities such as appearance, speech (palate), hands, to improve interaction with others and quality of life. Three-dimensional printing technology can be applied to Plastic Surgery craniomaxillofacial operations to change the bony skeleton of the skull, face, and jaws. Three-dimensional printing for patient-specific applications have four types: Type I contour models, Type II guides, Type III splints, Type IV implants. Plastic Surgery innovation in 3D printing clinical applications are described here and https://www.slucare.edu/newsroom/kmov-science-of-healing-faces-of-childhood.php.

Análise do tratamento cirúrgico dos xantelasmas palpebrais: experiência de um serviço de Cirurgia Plástica / Analysis of surgical treatment of eyelid xanthelasmas: experience of a Plastic Surgery service

Introdução: Xantelasmas são placas amareladas benignas que acometem pele de pálpebras e cursam com limitação funcional e queixa estética, impactando vida social e emocional. Com prevalência de 1,4% na população geral, predominam no sexo feminino e associam-se a hiperlipidemias, formados por deposições dérmicas de colesterol. De diagnóstico clínico, está indicada histopatologia em casos duvidosos. O tratamento de escolha é cirúrgico, através de exérese simples ou associada a blefaroplastia, epicantoplastia medial, retalhos locais e enxertos de pele total. Outras opções são terapia a laser, cauterização química com ácido tricloroacético, radiofrequência e crioterapia. Apesar da variedade terapêutica disponível, ainda são descritas na literatura taxas de recidiva local de até 40%. Objetivo: Analisar taxas de recidiva local associadas à ressecção cirúrgica enquanto tratamento de escolha para os xantelasmas. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo observacional retrospectivo, em que foram analisados prontuários de 18 pacientes submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica de xantelasmas pelo serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Universitário da UFJF nos anos de 2016 a 2018. Foram avaliadas localização das lesões e taxas de recidiva local. Resultados: A localização das lesões mostrou-se predominante em pálpebras superiores, acometendo 10 pacientes (55%), sem predileção por lateralidade. Evoluíram com recidiva local 4 pacientes (22%). Conclusão: Os resultados do presente trabalho corroboram a hipótese de que taxas de recidiva local são menores em casos submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, quando comparadas às descritas na literatura, bem como maior satisfação dos pacientes com os resultados estéticos apresentados. Conclui-se que a ressecção cirúrgica é segura e satisfatória em relação às demais terapêuticas. (AU)

Introduction: Xanthelasmas are benign yellowish plaques that affect the eyelid skin and cause functional limitation and aesthetic complaint, impacting social and emotional life. With a prevalence of 1.4% in the general population, they predominate in females and are associated with hyperlipidemias, formed by dermal cholesterol depositions. Clinically diagnosed, histopathology is indicated in doubtful cases. The treatment of choice is surgical, through simple or associated excision of blepharoplasty, medial epicantoplasty, local flaps and total skin grafts. Other options are laser therapy, trichloroacetic acid chemical cauterization, radiofrequency and cryotherapy. Despite the available therapeutic variety, local recurrence rates of up to 40% are still described in the literature. Objective: To analyze local recurrence rates associated with surgical resection as the treatment of choice for xanthelasmas. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, which analyzed the medical records of 18 patients who underwent surgical resection of xanthelasmas by the Plastic Surgery Service of the University Hospital of UFJF from 2016 to 2018. We evaluated lesion location and recurrence rates. Results: The location of the lesions was predominant in the upper eyelids, affecting 10 patients (55%), with no preference for laterality. Four patients (22%) evolved with local recurrence. Conclusion: The results of the present study corroborate the hypothesis that local recurrence rates are lower in cases submitted to surgical treatment when compared to those described in the literature, as well as greater patient satisfaction with the aesthetic results presented. It is concluded that surgical resection is safe and satisfactory in relation to other therapies. (AU)

Fio de sutura elástico / Elastic suture thread

Introdução: O tratamento de grandes e médias feridas é um desafio para os cirurgiões quando precisam fechálas e, normalmente, são utilizadas técnicas cirúrgicas de enxertias ou retalhos, que podem deixar sequelas e até mesmo mutilações. Ao longo do tempo desenvolveu-se a técnica de "sutura elástica" que promove a cicatrização em curto espaço de tempo com sequelas menores, entretanto o procedimento tem sido realizado com material improvisado. Objetivo: Desenvolver um fio de sutura elástico cirúrgico que possa ser esterilizado e confeccionado nos moldes dos produtos médicos cirúrgicos. Métodos: Revisão das patentes existentes por meio da busca de anterioridade e comparação com o dispositivo do estudo. Pesquisa de materiais com as características necessárias como elasticidade e tensão. Teste destas características em laboratórios especializados. Resultados: O produto desenvolvido é um fio elástico com duplo agulhamento para suturas, com matéria prima de silicone que apresenta elasticidade e resistência a tensão. Conclusão: O fio de sutura elástico, com duplo agulhamento, para feridas de médio e grande porte foi desenvolvido.

Introduction: Closing large and medium wounds is challenging for surgeons and often leads to the use of graft or flap surgical techniques. These procedures can leave sequelae and even mutilations. An "elastic suture" technique was developed to promote wound healing in a short time span with minor sequelae; however, improvised materials have been used in this procedure. Objective: To develop a surgical elastic suture thread that can be manufactured and sterilized following the standards of surgical medical products. Methods: We conducted a patent search, compared the findings with the study device, and researched materials with necessary characteristics such as elasticity and tension. Testing these characteristics in specialized laboratories. Results: The developed device is a double-needled elastic suture made of silicone that presents tensile strength. Conclusion: Here, we developed a double-needled elastic suture for medium and large wounds.

Facial Recognition Technology: A Primer for Plastic Surgeons.

The face is arguably the most unique and defining feature of the human body. From birth, humans are conditioned to perceive, interpret, and react to information conveyed by faces both familiar and unfamiliar. Although face recognition is routine for humans, only recently has it become possible for a computer to accurately recognize a human face in an image or video. With advances in artificial intelligence, image capture technology, and Internet connectivity, facial recognition technology has entered the forefront of personal and commercial technology. Plastic surgeons should be prepared to answer questions from patients about the fundamentals of facial recognition technology, and the potential effects of plastic surgery on facial recognition technology performance. This article provides an overview of facial recognition technology, describes its present applications, discusses its relevance within the field of plastic surgery, and provides recommendations for plastic surgeons to consider during preoperative discussions with patients.

A retrospective comparison of 3M™ Micropore™ with other common dressings in cosmetic breast surgery.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection has considerable cost implications for healthcare providers. Evidence suggests that the use of Micropore™ tape as a dressing for surgical incisions may be associated with reduced/comparable rates of infection in surgical wounds. 3M™ Micropore™ tape is significantly cheaper than conventional wound dressings. The purpose of this study was to compare differences in the rate of wound healing problems including superficial incisional surgical site infection (SSI) and wound healing problems following cosmetic breast procedures between Micropore™ tape and other common wound dressings. METHODS: A clinical database was utilised to identify all patients undergoing elective breast surgery at a UK private cosmetic surgery group between May and November 2017. The patients were divided into 2 groups: those whose wounds were dressed with 3M™ Micropore™ tape post-operatively and those dressed with other common wound dressings. Data was analysed to assess the prevalence of post-operative wound healing problems (superficial incisional surgical site infection and delayed wound healing) in each group. RESULTS: 1216 patients were identified in our database, 659 patients receiving Micropore™ and 557 patients receiving conventional wound dressings. The overall prevalence of wound healing problems in the Micropore™ tape and conventional wound dressing group were 12% and 10% respectively, with no statistical difference (p = 0.3913). There was no statistical significance between the use of antibiotics and prevalence of wound healing problems in either group. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest that there is no difference between the use of Micropore™ tape and other conventional wound dressings in the prevalence of post-operative wound healing problems in cosmetic breast surgery. Our findings support the routine use of Micropore™ tape in post-operative dressing for clean, non-contaminated, directly closed, elective surgical wounds. We suggest a larger scale, prospective, randomized study should be conducted to confirm these initial findings.

Medical Devices; General and Plastic Surgery Devices; Classification of the Wound Autofluorescence Imaging Device. Final order.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is classifying the wound autofluorescence imaging device into class I. We are taking this action because we have determined that classifying the device into class I will provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. We believe this action will also enhance patients' access to beneficial innovative devices, in part by reducing regulatory burdens.

Evaluación de la perfusión de colgajos mediante indocianina verde / Evaluation of flap perfusion with green indocyanine

Introducción y Objetivo: La indocianina verde (ICG) es un colorante que se emplea junto con cámaras de infrarrojo cercano (NIR) portátiles para la evaluación de la perfusión tisular. El propósito del presente estudio es dar a conocer el pigmento de indocianina verde y su utilidad en Cirugía Plástica para valorar la perfusión tisular durante la confección de colgajos. Material y Método: Describimos 3 casos clínicos en los cuales confeccionamos diferentes tipos de colgajos. En el intraoperatorio, procedimos a administrar ICG, 0.5 mg/kg por vía periférica, y mediante el sistema de detección de ICG obtuvimos imágenes de la perfusión tisular. Resultados: La valoraciónn intraoperatoria con ICG permitió identificar el pedículo principal del colgajo, evaluar sus características de calibre y tortuosidad, así como evaluar en tiempo real la perfusión del colgajo asegurando la vitalidad del mismo y descartando la presencia de potenciales complicaciones intraoperatorias. Conclusiones: El estudio de ICG permite una valoración intraoperatoria de forma precisa y confiable de la perfusión tisular en los colgajos, permitiendo reducir las complicaciones y mejorar el resultado quirúrgico

Background and Objective: Green indocyanine (ICG) is a dye used together with portable infrared (NIR) cameras for the evaluation of tissue perfusion. Our objective is to know the green pigment of indocyaninea and its utility in Plastic Surgery to assess tissue perfusion during the confection of flaps. Methods: Three clinical cases are described in which different types of flaps were composed. The administration of ICG 0.5 mg/kg via peripheral was performed during the intraoperative, and by means of an ICG detection system, tissue perfusion images were obtained. Results: The intraoperative evaluation using ICG allowed identification of the main pedicle flap, assess its most important characteristics and tortuous, as well as evaluate real-time perfusion of the flap to ensure its vitality and ruling out the presence of potential intraoperative complications. Conclusions: The study of ICG allows accurate and reliable intraoperative assessment of the tissue perfusion, allowing reduction of complications and improving surgical outcome