Brote de Serratia marcescens producido por clorhexidina acuosa al 2% contaminada / Serratia marcescens outbreak due to contaminated 2% aqueous chlorhexidine

Introducción y objetivo: Describimos un brote de infección por Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) y la investigación epidemiológica que asoció el brote al uso de clorhexidina acuosa al 2% como antiséptico. Método: A finales del mes de noviembre del 2014 detectamos un aumento en la incidencia de infecciones por S. marcescens en pacientes atendidos en Urgencias, por lo que nos planteamos la posibilidad de estar ante un brote e iniciamos una investigación epidemiológica. Resultado: Se aisló S. marcescens en 23 muestras de 16 pacientes y en todos los frascos nuevos de 2 lotes de clorhexidina acuosa al 2%. Se ordenó retirar el desinfectante y se alertó a la Agencia Española del Medicamento (COS 2/2014). El estudio epidemiológico demostró que los aislamientos de las muestras clínicas y las recuperadas de la clorhexidina pertenecían al mismo clon. Una vez retirados los lotes contaminados, no se produjeron más casos. Conclusión: La sospecha del brote y la investigación epidemiológica fueron fundamentales para controlar la incidencia (AU)

Introduction and objective: An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections outbreak is described, as well as the epidemiological study that linked the outbreak to the use of 2% aqueous chlorhexidine antiseptic. Method: In late November 2014 an increasing incidence of S. marcescens isolates was detected in patients treated in the emergency department. It was considered a possible outbreak, and an epidemiological investigation was started. Result: S. marcescens was isolated in 23 samples from 16 patients and in all new bottles of two lots of 2% aqueous chlorhexidine. The contaminated disinfectant was withdrawn, and the Spanish Drugs Agency was alerted (COS 2/2014). The epidemiological study showed that strains isolated from clinical samples and from chlorhexidine belonged to the same clone. No further isolates were obtained once the disinfectant was withdrawn. Conclusion: The suspicion of an outbreak and the epidemiological study were essential to control the incidence (AU)

Antibacterial activity of the essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis and its major components against oral pathogens.

The essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) was obtained by hydro-distillation and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-two constituents were identified, representing 98.06% of the total oil content. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the predominant components. The rosemary oil was characterized as having prominent (> 5%) contents of camphor (18.9%), verbenone (11.3%), a-pinene (9.6%), beta-myrcene (8.6%), 1,8-cineole (8.0%), and beta-caryophyllene (5.1%). The antimicrobial activity of the oil as well as of its major constituents was tested against the following microorganisms: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Enterococcus faecalis, which are potentially responsible for the formation of dental caries in humans. The microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) during evaluation of the antibacterial activity. The essential oil displayed low activity against the selected microorganisms. In the present study, the pure major compounds were more active than the essential oil. Among all the microorganisms tested, the pathogen S. mitis was the most susceptible and E. faecalis was the most resistant to the evaluated samples. This is the first report on antimicrobial activity of the major components of rosemary oil against oral pathogens.

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis--its applicability in the analysis of food, pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.

The use of nonaqueous electrophoresis media for the application of capillary electrophoresis in the analysis of food, pharmaceuticals and biological fluids is reviewed. Some of the applications are discussed in detail and the benefits of using nonaqueous media in these cases are outlined. Three new applications within pharmaceutical analyses are presented. In these methods either a simple sample pretreatment by dilution with methanol (determination of chlorhexidine in a cream) or selective on-line capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry (methods for identification of seizure drugs or opium alkaloids) are used. The choice of organic solvents and electrolytes for nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis are discussed. Furthermore, validation data obtained using capillary electrophoresis based on the nonaqueous principle are listed and discussed.