[Contribution of A.F. Kablukov (1857-1915) to biliary surgery]. / Vklad A.F. Kablukova (1857­1915) v biliarnuyu khirurgiyu.

In 2023, it was 130 years since the opening of the Alexander Surgical Hospital at the Tauride Provincial Zemstvo Hospital, where many talented doctors worked. This authors present new facts about outstanding surgeon who worked in Simferopol at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Alexander Fedorovich Kablukov (1857-1915). He was a founder of surgical school in the Tauride province, who first described cholecystectomy In Russian-language literature. The report covers in detail famous surgery restored thanks to pre-revolutionary sources. Excerpts from other little-known reports of surgeon related to the treatment of gallbladder and biliary diseases are also presented.

Iatrogenic Biliary Injury during Cholecystectomy: Critical Review of a Historical Case and Its Political Consequences.

Biliary injuries during cholecystectomy represent serious adverse events that can have a profound impact on the patient's quality of life and on the surgeon's well-being and career. Sometimes, they can have an unexpectedly disastrous effect on the whole community, as demonstrated by the case of Anthony Eden, former foreign secretary and prime minister of Britain in the 1950s. Mr. Eden, later Lord Avon, had been suffering from biliary symptoms for a while when he had his cholecystectomy performed on April 12, 1953. On post-op day 1, a bile leak was evident, possibly due to a complete transection of the common bile duct. After a first reoperation to drain a bile collection, the definitive repair was performed in Boston by Dr. Cattell on June 10, 1953, with a loop hepatico-jejunostomy. Unfortunately, the bilioenteric anastomosis became gradually narrow, causing recurrent cholangitis, and Mr. Eden started a symptomatic treatment with pethidine, barbiturate, and amphetamine. These could have affected his perception of reality and his political judgement during the Suez Canal Crisis and, other than being the ultimate reason for 3,000+ war casualties, might have caused a Third World War. The historical and clinical implications of this case are thoroughly discussed.

Heroic Measures for an American Hero: Attempting to Save the Life of General Douglas MacArthur.

General Douglas MacArthur was a towering public figure on an international stage for the first half of the 20th century. He was healthy throughout his life but developed a series of medical problems when he entered his 80s. This article reviews the General's medical care during two separate life-threatening medical crises that required surgical intervention. The first episode occurred in 1960 when MacArthur presented with renal failure due to an obstructed prostate. Four years later after his 84th birthday, MacArthur developed bile duct obstruction from common duct stones. He underwent an uncomplicated cholecystectomy and common duct exploration but developed variceal bleeding requiring an emergent splenorenal shunt. His terminal event was precipitated by strangulated bowel in long-ignored very large inguinal hernias. MacArthur died, despite state-of-the-art surgical intervention, due to renal failure and hepatic coma.

Black bile of melancholy or gallstones of biliary colics: historical perspectives on cholelithiasis.

Barely 130 years after its first description, cholecystectomies are among the most commonly performed surgeries in the USA. The success of this operation with subsequent technical improvements, such as laparoscopic approaches, caused a paradigm shift in the management of gallstone disease. However, symptoms persist in 10-40 % of successfully operated patients. Reviewing monographs, textbooks, and articles published during the last 300 years, several important factors emerge as likely contributors to limited or poor treatment responses. Early on, clinicians recognized that cholelithiasis is quite common and thus often an incidental finding, especially if patients present with vague or atypical symptoms. Consistent with these observations, patients with such atypical symptoms are less likely to benefit from cholecystectomy. Similarly, lasting improvements are more reliably seen in patients with symptoms of presumed biliary origin and documented gallstones compared to individuals without stones, an important point in view of increasing rates of surgery for biliary dyskinesia. While cholelithiasis can cause serious complications, the overall incidence of clinically relevant problems is so low that prophylactic cholecystectomy cannot be justified. This conclusion corresponds to epidemiologic data showing that the rise in elective cholecystectomies decreased hospitalizations due to gallstone disease, but was associated with a higher volume of postoperative complications, ultimately resulting in stable combined mortality due to gallstone disease and its treatment. These trends highlight the tremendous gains in managing gallstone disease, while at the same time reminding us that the tightening rather than expanding indications for cholecystectomy may improve outcomes.

Kitchen surgery and house calls in old Fort Smith.

Medical practice in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries consisted largely of kitchen surgery and house calls. The practices of Dr. St. Cloud Cooper and other Fort Smith doctors reflected the standards of practice in Arkansas and the nation as the principles of aseptic surgery gradually gained acceptance. The doctor's black bag used on house calls still lacked the effective agents which became available during the mid-twentieth century, leaving the physician to rely on personal inner resources in order to perform a useful service.

Lucas Sierra y los inicios de la cirugía biliar en Chile: a 130 años de la colecistectomía de Langenbuch / Lucas Sierra and early biliary surgery in Chile: 130 year after Langenbuch cholecystectomy

Through the communication of the first cholecystectomy performed in Chile by Dr. Lucas Sierra Mendoza in 1899, is reviewed the surgical setting of the time and highlights the features of this distinguished surgeon. Referring to Langenbuch initial experience, we illustrate the pathogenic conceptions of biliary gallstone disease and walk the path of cholecystectomy in the following century.

A través de la comunicación de la primera colecistectomía efectuada en Chile por el doctor Lucas Sierra Mendoza en 1899, se revisa el contexto quirúrgico de la época y se destacan las características de este distinguido cirujano. Con referencia a la experiencia inicial de Langenbuch, se expone la concepción etiopa-togénica de la enfermedad biliar litiásica y se recorre el camino de la colecistectomía en la centuria siguiente.

Consideraciones sobre la evolución histórica de la cirugía laparoscópica: colecistectomia / Considerations on the historical evolution of the laparoscopic surgery: cholecystectomy

El desarrollo de la tecnología ha ejercido una extraordinaria influencia sobre el campo de la medicina, y una muestra fehaciente de ello lo constituye la cirugía video laparoscópica. Sin duda alguna, el procedimiento laparoscópico más utilizado en el mundo lo constituye la colecistectomía. Para que esta tuviera lugar, se sucedieron una serie de descubrimientos y hechos previos que sirvieron de cimiento para que aquella debutara en el escenario científico a finales del pasado siglo. Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer cómo surgieron y se desarrollaron los procedimientos laparoscópicos en general, y de la colecistectomía en particular; teniendo en cuenta su gran utilización y los beneficios que para el paciente poseen estas técnicas. La revisión del tema permite conocer el surgimiento, desarrollo y estado actual de la cirugía video laparoscópica...(AU)

Colecistectomía laparoscópica ambulatoria: nuevos horizontes / No disponible

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Pablo Luis Mirizzi: the man behind the syndrome.

Pablo Luis Mirizzi (1893-1964), who was born and died in the city of Cordoba in Argentina, dedicated his life to the service of surgery and the teaching of his students. Although known for the introduction of the intraoperative cholangiogram and for describing the Mirizzi syndrome - a partial obstruction of the common hepatic duct secondary to an impacted gallstone in the cystic duct, very little else is known about this man behind the brilliant surgical pioneer of the twentieth century. This biography looks beyond his important contributions to medicine, to the many facets of the man himself.

Cirugía endoscópica transgástrica: delirio tecnológico o avance potencial / Transgastric endoscopic surgery: technological delirium or potential advance?

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