Primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a bitch

Background: Primary lung neoplasms are uncommon in veterinary medicine, and when they develop, they are more frequently observed to be of epithelial origin. Although chondrosarcomas are the second most diagnosed type of neoplasm in dogs at skeletal sites, their development in extraskeletal tissues, including the spleen, aorta, heart, tongue, peritoneum, and lungs, corresponds to approximately only 1% of cases. Therefore, the occurrence of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma is considered very rare in domestic animals. Considering the rare occurrence and scarcity of data regarding its development, the present report describes the clinical and pathological aspects of a case of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma in a bitch. Case: A 8-year-old mixed-breed bitch, weighing 14.2 kg, was examined at one private veterinary clinic with the principal complaint of prolonged respiratory distress and resistance to exercise. Clinical evaluation revealed tachypnea with expiratory dyspnea due to intense pleural effusion, tachycardia, and diffusely pale mucous membranes. Thoracocentesis was performed with drainage of 1000 mL of modified transudate, and fluid cytology, blood count, and chest radiography were performed. Cytological analysis of the thoracic fluid did not identify neoplastic cells, the blood count showed intense regenerative anemia, and the radiograph showed an extensive area of consolidation in the left caudal lung lobe, compatible with neoplasia. The results of the tests performed, in addition to the evolution of the clinical picture and the impossibility of performing the indicated surgical intervention, culminated in the patient's unfavorable prognosis, followed by euthanasia, necropsy, and histopathological evaluation of the collected material. Necropsy revealed a white neoplastic formation with reddish areas and firm consistency that diffused into the parenchyma of the left caudal lung lobe with invasion of the rib cage, fracture of the fifth and sixth left ribs, diaphragmatic metastasis, intense hydrothorax, and moderate hydroperitoneum. Microscopically, in the histological sections of the lung and diaphragm, poorly differentiated mesenchymal cells with moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and interspersed with them, moderately differentiated chondrocytes surrounded by chondroid matrix, moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, and a low mitotic index culminated in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Discussion: Malignant epithelial neoplasms were suspected; however, the histopathological features observed were compatible with primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma. The characteristics of the fluid collected through thoracentesis led to its classification as a modified transudate, which is often associated with neoplastic and hemorrhagic processes; both alterations were present in this case. The diagnosis of primary pulmonary chondrosarcoma was established based on the histopathological findings since the cell type and distribution observed in the present case were compatible with the typical pattern observed in extraskeletal chondrosarcomas. An unfavorable prognosis is common in cases of primary or metastatic lung neoplasm since, in most cases, the condition is identified in the advanced stages of the disease, making therapeutic management challenging. Given the increase in the number of dog deaths due to neoplasms in recent years, this case report may contribute to a better understanding of the biological behavior of pulmonary chondrosarcoma and assist in the choice of treatment to be adopted when required.

Condrosarcoma mesenquimal en región pectoral, reporte de caso / Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the pectoral re-gion, case report

Introducción: El condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético (CME), corresponde al 1% de todos los tumores malignos de los tejidos blandos. Se localizan principalmente en la región de la cabeza y cuello, sobre todo en la órbita, y en la duramadre del cráneo, seguida de las extremidades inferiores particularmente a nivel del muslo. La ubicación pectoral es rara, motivo de reporte. Reporte de caso: Paciente hombre de 38 años quien desarrolla un nódulo de aproximadamente 2 cm de diámetro localizado en región pectoral derecha con dolor mínimo a la palpación y crecimiento rápido. Dos meses después, al momento la de resección, el nódulo mide 7.5x 6.5 x 3.5 cm, y pesa 106g. Presenta aspecto lobulado, color café grisáceo, al corte es de consistencia cauchosa y superficie blanquecina nodular con áreas centrales de aspecto mineralizado/calcificado. Se procesa 6 cortes de parafina y se diagnostica como condrosarcoma mesenquimal (CM). Evolución: El paciente fue egresado y está en control por consulta externa no ha desarrollado recidivas hasta el momento. Conclusiones: El crecimiento acelerado de una masa de consistencia cartilaginosa se correlacionó en este paciente con la presencia de un condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético.

Introduction: The extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (ESC) corresponds to 1% of all malignant soft tissue tumors. They are located mainly in the head and neck region, especially in the orbit, and in the dura mater of the skull, followed by the lower extremities, particularly at the level of the thigh. Pectoral location is rare, reason for report. Case report: 38-year-old male patient who developed a nodule approximately 2 cm in diameter located in the right pectoral region with minimal pain on palpation and rapid growth. Two months later, at the time of resection, the nodule measures 7.5 x 6.5 x 3.5 cm, and weighs 106g. It has a lobulated appearance, greyish brown color, when cut it is of a rubbery consistency and a nodular whitish surface with central areas of mineralized / calcified appearance. 6 paraffin sections are processed and diagnosed as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (CM). Evolution: The patient was discharged and is being monitored by an outpatient clinic. He has not developed recurrences to date. Conclusions: The accelerated growth of a mass of cartilaginous consistency was correlated in this patient with the presence of an extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.

Condrossarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético em um gato: relato de caso / Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a cat: case report

Condrossarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético (CME) é um neoplasma maligno e raro em animais domésticos. Descreve-se um caso de CME em uma gata que apresentava uma massa firme, branco-amarelada, medindo 18cm de diâmetro, aderida à musculatura do membro pélvico esquerdo. O exame citológico revelou presença de células fusiformes individualizadas pleomórficas e agregados de pequenas células ovais, sem bordas definidas em meio à matriz intercelular amorfa. Devido à impossibilidade de tratamento e ao prognóstico desfavorável, foi realizada eutanásia. Microscopicamente foram observadas células fusiformes indiferenciadas e agregados de células condroides pleomórficas. O diagnóstico de CME foi confirmado pelas técnicas de azul alciano, tricrômico de Masson e pela prova imunoistoquímica, utilizando-se anticorpos antivimentina...

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare malignant tumor in domestic animals. We described a case of EMC in a cat with a mass measuring 18cm in diameter, yellowish-white and firm attached to the muscles in left hind limb. Cytological examination revealed the presence of individual pleomorphic spindle cells and clusters of small oval cells with no hard edges in the midst of an amorphous intercellular matrix. Due to the impossibility of treatment and poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized. Microscopically undifferentiated spindle cells and clusters of pleomorphic chondroid cells were observed. The CME diagnosis was confirmed with thealcian blue, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry techniques, using antivimentin antibodies...

Condrossarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético em um gato: relato de caso / Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a cat: case report

Condrossarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético (CME) é um neoplasma maligno e raro em animais domésticos. Descreve-se um caso de CME em uma gata que apresentava uma massa firme, branco-amarelada, medindo 18cm de diâmetro, aderida à musculatura do membro pélvico esquerdo. O exame citológico revelou presença de células fusiformes individualizadas pleomórficas e agregados de pequenas células ovais, sem bordas definidas em meio à matriz intercelular amorfa. Devido à impossibilidade de tratamento e ao prognóstico desfavorável, foi realizada eutanásia. Microscopicamente foram observadas células fusiformes indiferenciadas e agregados de células condroides pleomórficas. O diagnóstico de CME foi confirmado pelas técnicas de azul alciano, tricrômico de Masson e pela prova imunoistoquímica, utilizando-se anticorpos antivimentina.(AU)

Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a rare malignant tumor in domestic animals. We described a case of EMC in a cat with a mass measuring 18cm in diameter, yellowish-white and firm attached to the muscles in left hind limb. Cytological examination revealed the presence of individual pleomorphic spindle cells and clusters of small oval cells with no hard edges in the midst of an amorphous intercellular matrix. Due to the impossibility of treatment and poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized. Microscopically undifferentiated spindle cells and clusters of pleomorphic chondroid cells were observed. The CME diagnosis was confirmed with thealcian blue, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry techniques, using antivimentin antibodies.(AU)

Reconstrução de couro cabeludo após ressecção de condrossarcoma mesenquimal local / Scalp reconstruction after local mesenchymal chondrosarcoma resection

O condrossarcoma mesenquimal é uma variante rara de condrossarcoma, que raramente atinge os tecidos extraósseos. Este tipo de tumor normalmente ocorre em adultos jovens, sendo altamente agressivo, e tende a apresentar recorrência tardia e metástases a distância. No exame histológico, caracteriza-se por apresentar abundantes células mesenquimais indiferenciadas entre ilhas de células cartilaginosas bem diferenciadas. O tratamento cirúrgico com ressecção completa do tumor é o tratamento padrão para o condrossarcoma mesenquimal. Apresentamos aqui o caso de uma paciente de 56 anos que apresentava um condrossarcoma mesenquimal de grandes proporções na região do couro cabeludo. O diagnóstico da lesão foi tardio e, após o estadiamento da mesma, a paciente foi submetida a ressecção total da neoplasia e reconstrução com retalho de rotação extenso de couro cabeludo e enxertia de pele parcial. No presente estudo, pode-se concluir que ainda não há um tratamento realmente efetivo para o condrossarcoma mesenquimal avançado

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare variant of chondrosarcoma, which rarely reaches the extra-osseous tissues. This type of tumor usually occurs in young adults and is highly aggressive, tending to present late recurrence and distant metastases. On histological examination it is characterized by abundant undifferentiated mesenchymal cells between islands of well differentiated cartilage cells. Surgical treatment with complete surgical resection is the standard treatment for mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Here we present the case of a 56-year-old female patient who had a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of great proportions in the region of the scalp. The diagnosis was late and after the staging of it, the patient underwent total resection of the tumor and reconstruction with extensive rotation flap of scalp and partial skin graft. In this study we can conclude that as yet there is no really effective treatment for advanced mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in the mandible: report of a case with cytological findings.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is an infrequent malignancy of bone and soft tissue, characterized by its peculiar bimorphic histological pattern. The use of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the diagnosis of bone tumors is controversial. A 31-year-old woman presented with a mandibular lesion detected on routine examination for orthodontic treatment. Radiography revealed an ill-defined mixed radiolucency in the premolar region of the right mandible with invasive characteristics such as root resorption and widening of the periodontal ligament space of neighboring teeth. Blood clots obtained at FNA were fixed in formalin and exhibited spindle cells surrounding islands of pleomorphic chondroblasts against a bloody background. Histopathologically, clusters of spindle cells juxtaposed with mesenchymal tissue were detected, with a large hemangiopericytomatous component. In the present case, cytological findings combined with clinical and radiological data provided valuable information in establishing the diagnosis of malignancy and in planning further procedures and treatment.

Condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético en un paciente pediátrico: revisión de la literatura a propósito de un caso / Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a pediatric patient: a case report

El condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético pertenece a un grupo de tumores cartilaginosos malignos, que son infrecuentes y habitualmente no presentan compromiso óseo. Se presenta más frecuentemente en la órbita, sistema nervioso central y en los tejidos blandos de los miembros inferiores. El compromiso metastásico es generalmente pulmonar y ganglionar, especialmente en pacientes adultos en quienes se ha demostrado una mayor mortalidad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el caso de un paciente masculino de 14 años de edad, que ingresó a nuestra institución con una lesión sólida localizada a nivel de los tejidos blandos en el aspecto posterior de la pierna derecha, cuyo estudio histopatológico confirmó un condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético, junto con una revisión bibliográfica del tema.

The extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma belongs to a group of infrequent malignant cartilaginous tumors, which are not obvious mainly in the bone. The most common site of such tumors is within the orbit, the central nervous system and the soft tissues of the lower limbs. The commitment is usually metastatic to the lung and lymph nodes, especially in adult patients, who have shown an increased mortality. The paper aims at presenting the case of male patient aged 14, who was admitted to our institution with a solid lesion located at the level of soft tissues in the posterior aspect of the right leg and whose histopathological study confirmed Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (CME) and the literature review about the same.

Condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraóseo: reporte de caso / Extraosseus mesenquimal chondrosarcoma: case report

El condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraóseo es una lesión rara que representa menos del 2% de las neoplasias cartilaginosas malignas, histológicamente caracterizada por áreas altamente celulares compuestas por células redondas mesenquimales primitivas alternando con focos de diferenciación cartilaginosa. Siendo una lesión de alto grado histológico, tiende a producir metástasis pulmonares por lo que la sobrevida global no es superior al 26% a 10 años. Se presenta este reporte por ser una lesión infrecuente y por representar un diagnóstico diferencial insospechado.

Primary orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: a case report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MC) is a subtype of chondrosarcoma, with an incidence varying from 1 to 8% of all chondrosarcomas. It is an aggressive neoplasm with a high tendency for late recurrence and occasional delayed distant metastasis. Orbital MC is very rare, and only approximately 30 cases have been described in the literature. We describe here one case of primary orbital MC. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old boy without a past medical history presented with a 1-month history of progressive proptosis on the right eye. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the orbit revealed a right intraconic lesion, with areas of calcification. The lesion was excised. Histopathological analysis revealed that the tumor had a biphasic pattern, showing a combination of small cell malignancy and well-differentiated cartilage. Immunohistochemistry examination revealed a diffuse membrane expression of CD99 on the small cell malignancy; S-100 was positive only within the cartilage component. The patient received chemotherapy, and no metastatic disease was found at the 2-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although rare, MC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a well-circumscribed orbital lesion in young adults, especially when CT scans reveal areas of calcification within the tumor.

Condrosarcoma mesenquimal sinonasal grado tres y carcinosarcoma de glándula Mamaria de un canino: estudios clínico e histopatológico / Sinunasal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma grade 3 and mammary gland carcinosarcoma of canine: clinical and histopathology study

A la Clínica Veterinaria de la Universidad de los Llanos, llegó un canino hembra de 9 años de edad raza Chow Chow, cuyo motivo de consulta fue epistaxis bilateral 4 meses atrás y una masa en la región nasal. Según lo reportado por el propietario, la masa había comenzado a salir 1 mes atrás del día de la consulta. Al examen clínico presentaba una masa subdérmica en la región nasal superior de 2 cm de diámetro. Se realizó una citología de la misma y se encontraron células inflamatorias sin presencia de células neoplásicas. El paciente volvió al mes y la masa con un diámetro de 5cm, estaba ubicada en la región nasal superior y región zigomática. El can presentaba disnea, anorexia, deshidratación del 6 por ciento, secreción mucopurulenta nasal y ocular, midriasis bilateral, reflejo corneal bilateral negativo, aumento de la presión infraocular del ojo derecho. En la glándula mamaria inguinal derecha presentaba una masa de 2cm de diámetro dura y móvil. Se realizó una citología por aspirado con aguja fina, de distintas zonas de las masas, tanto de la nariz, como de la glándula mamaria. Se valoró la citología permitiéndose definir el origen tumoral del proceso. Se realizó biopsia por incisión de la región sinonasal, diagnosticándose tumor mesenquimal maligno grado tres condrosarcoma sinonasal, conformado por células cartilaginosas pleomórficas con anisocariosis. Se realizaron radiografías de la región nasal y del pulmón, encontrándose una zona radiopaca a nivel del seno maxilar con osteolisis del hueso, se evidenciaba la masa de aproximadamente 4 cm de ancho por 2 cm de largo en el lado derecho. En el pulmón no se evidenció metástasis. Después del diagnóstico de histopatología se decide realizar la eutanasia, encontrándose histopatológicamente metástasis en pulmón, confirmación del condrosarcoma mesenquimal y un carcinosarcoma de glándula mamaria.

To the Veterinary Clinic of the Universidad de los Llanos, come a 9 years old Chow Chow female canine, whose consultation reason was a bilateral epistaxis occurred 4 months ago, sudden loss of the vision and a mass in the nasal region of 2cm of diameter approximately, according to the report of the owner, the mass showed up 1 month the day of the consultation. To the clinical exam they were the following abnormal discoveries. Hirsute hair, opaque, presented a subdermic mass approximately in the nasal region superior of 2 cm. diameter that grew to 5 cm. diameter after 1 month of the consultation, located in the nasal region superior and zigomatic region, of hard consistency, the animal had dysnea, bilateral mydriasis, the bilateral corneal reflection was negative, increase of the infraocular pressure of the right eye, the realized test of obstacles in the clinic was negative, that which showed us a blindness. Besides a complete clinical exploration and taking of the advantages of the cytology, she was carried out an aspired with fine needle of different areas of the masses so much neoplastic of the nose and of the region of the mammary gland, being obtained two types of samples. The cytology was evaluated to define origin of the tumors of the process. She was carried out biopsy for incision of the sinunosal region being diagnosed wicked tumor mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma sinunasal that commits bone. After having carried out the autopsy they took samples for histopathology. Being diagnosed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma sinunasal grade 3, with metastasis to lung, and a carcinosarcoma of mammary gland.

Condrossarcoma de cabeça e pescoço: Revisão de literatura / Chodrosarcoma of head and neck: a literature review

Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura do condrossarcoma de cabeça e pescoço, destacando seus aspectos etiológicos, clínicos, imaginlógicos, histológicos e terapêuticos

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit.

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit, review clinical and imaging findings, and refine the differential diagnosis from other tumors of the orbit. METHODS: Interventional case report and literature review. RESULTS: A 21-year-old woman with a 6-month history of progressive proptosis presented with left-sided visual loss of recent onset. CT revealed a clearly outlined heterogeneous mass with calcified foci, whereas MRI showed an isointense signal to gray matter on T1- and T2-weighted images. The patient was diagnosed with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the orbit only after orbitotomy and subsequent histopathologic study. After surgery, she received adjuvant therapy with irradiation of the orbit. CONCLUSIONS: Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of the orbit capable of mimicking several other lesions. Early diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion, particularly with regard to internally calcified lesions. The treatment of choice is complete surgical resection, or, when the tumor is not resectable or residual mass is present after surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Prognosis for patients with orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is tentative at best, in part because of the rarity of the lesion.

Condrossarcoma mesenquimal de origem patelar em cão / Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in dog originated from its patella

O presente relato descreve os achados clínico-patológicos de um condrossarcoma mesenquimal canino em um cão. Um cão macho, fila brasileiro de 13 anos de idade, mostrou, no físico, claudicação e aumento da massa tecidual do membro pélvico direito. Exame radiográfico tecidual foi realizada e revelou condroblastos neoplásicos. O proprietário decidiu não amputar o membro do animal e solicitou eutanásia. Completa necropsia e exame histológico foram realizados. A análise macroscópica mostrou proliferação tecidual neoplásica, originada da patela. Microscopicamente, a proliferação tecidual caracterizava-se pela coexistência de ilhas cartilaginosas, constituídas por células de variável maturidade e envoltas por células mesenquimais indiferenciadas. Este é o primeiro relato de condrossarcoma mesenquimal canino de origem patelar

The present report describes the clinicopathological findings of the mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a dog. A 13-year-old male brazilian fila dog showed under physical examination, lameness and tissue mass increase of the right forelimb. Radiography revealed neoplasic chondroblasts. The owner’s decision was not th have dog’s limb amputed and he required euthanasia. A complete necropsy and histological examinations was performed. The macroscopic examination showed neoplastic proliferations originated from the patella. Microscopically, the tissue proliferation was characterized by the coexistence of sharply demarcated cartilaginous islands of varied maturity and surrounding undifferentiated Mesenchymal cells. This is the first report of canine Mesenchymal chondrosacoma originated from the patella

Condrossarcoma mesenquimal de origem patelar em cão / Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in dog originated from its patella

O presente relato descreve os achados clínico-patológicos de um condrossarcoma mesenquimal canino em um cão. Um cão macho, fila brasileiro de 13 anos de idade, mostrou, no físico, claudicação e aumento da massa tecidual do membro pélvico direito. Exame radiográfico tecidual foi realizada e revelou condroblastos neoplásicos. O proprietário decidiu não amputar o membro do animal e solicitou eutanásia. Completa necropsia e exame histológico foram realizados. A análise macroscópica mostrou proliferação tecidual neoplásica, originada da patela. Microscopicamente, a proliferação tecidual caracterizava-se pela coexistência de ilhas cartilaginosas, constituídas por células de variável maturidade e envoltas por células mesenquimais indiferenciadas. Este é o primeiro relato de condrossarcoma mesenquimal canino de origem patelar(AU)

The present report describes the clinicopathological findings of the mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in a dog. A 13-year-old male brazilian fila dog showed under physical examination, lameness and tissue mass increase of the right forelimb. Radiography revealed neoplasic chondroblasts. The owners decision was not th have dogs limb amputed and he required euthanasia. A complete necropsy and histological examinations was performed. The macroscopic examination showed neoplastic proliferations originated from the patella. Microscopically, the tissue proliferation was characterized by the coexistence of sharply demarcated cartilaginous islands of varied maturity and surrounding undifferentiated Mesenchymal cells. This is the first report of canine Mesenchymal chondrosacoma originated from the patella(AU)

Tumores mesenquimales del tracto gastrointestinal. Presentación de tres casos y Revisión del Tema

Presentamos tres casos de pacientes en los cuales se diagnosticaron tumores mesenquimales de diferente tipo, dos de ellos benignos y uno maligno. Las manifestaciones clínicas en cada caso fueron variables y el manejo en todos fue quirúrgico. Se revisa la literatura

Condrosarcoma mesenquimal da fossa posterior: relato de caso / Posterior fossa mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: case report

Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente, portador de condrosarcoma mesenquial localizado na fossa posterior, que se estendia através do foramem magno até a segunda vértebra cervical. O condrosarcoma mesenquimal é um tumor raro que se origina de células multipotenciais do mesênquima embrionário. Este paciente foi submetido a ressecçäo microcirúrgica, com a remoçäo aparentemente total da neoplasia e reversäo temporária do quadro neurológico