Acerca de un caso de coproporfiria hereditaria con afectación neurológica, hematológica y renal / A case report of hereditary coproporphyria with neurological, haematological and renal involvement

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Acute porphyrias in the USA: features of 108 subjects from porphyrias consortium.

BACKGROUND: Recent descriptions of the clinical and laboratory features of subjects with acute porphyrias in the US are lacking. Our aim was to describe clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of 108 subjects. METHODS: Between September 2010 and December 2012, 108 subjects with acute porphyrias (90 acute intermittent porphyrias, 9 hereditary coproporphyrias, 9 variegate porphyrias) were enrolled into an observational study. Genetic testing was performed at a central genetic testing laboratory and clinical information entered into a central database. Selected features were compared with data for adults in the US. RESULTS: Most subjects (88/108, 81%) were female, with self-reported onset of symptoms in the second through fourth decades of life. The most common symptom was abdominal pain. Appendectomies and cholecystectomies were common before a diagnosis of porphyria. The diagnosis was delayed by a mean of 15 years. Anxiety and depression were common, and 18% complained of chronic symptoms, especially neuropathic and other pains. The incidences of systemic arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, seizure disorders, and psychiatric conditions were markedly increased. Mutations of the known causative genes were found in 102/105 of those tested, with novel mutations being found in 37, including in 7/8 subjects with hereditary coproporphyria. Therapy with intravenous hematin was the most effective therapy both for treatment of acute attacks and for prevention of recurrent attacks. CONCLUSIONS: Acute porphyrias often remain undiagnosed for more than a decade after first symptoms develop. Intravenous hematin is the treatment of choice, both for treatment of acute attacks and for prevention of recurrent attacks.

Cutaneous porphyrias part I: epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and histopathology.

The porphyrias are a group of disorders characterized by defects in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Many present with skin findings including photosensitivity, bullae, hypertrichosis, and scarring. Systemic symptoms may include abdominal pain, neuropsychiatric changes, anemia, and liver disease. With advances in DNA analysis, researchers are discovering the underlying genetic causes of the porphyrias, enabling family members to be tested for genetic mutations. Here we present a comprehensive review of porphyria focusing on those with cutaneous manifestations. In Part I, we have included the epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and histopathology. Treatment and management options will be discussed in Part II.

The incidence of inherited porphyrias in Europe.

Retrospective estimates of the prevalence of porphyrias have been reported but there has been no large scale prospective study of their incidence. The European Porphyria Network collected information prospectively over a 3 year period about the number of newly diagnosed symptomatic patients with an inherited porphyria (335 patients from 11 countries). Prevalence was calculated from the incidence and mean disease duration. The incidence of hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) in acute hepatic porphyria and the prevalence of patients with recurrent acute attacks of porphyria were also investigated. The incidence of symptomatic acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) was similar in all countries (0.13 per million per year; 95 % CI: 0.10 - 0.14) except Sweden (0.51; 95 % CI: 0.28-0.86). The incidence ratio for symptomatic AIP: variegate porphyria: hereditary coproporphyria was 1.00:0.62: 0.15. The prevalence of AIP (5.4 per million; 95 % CI: 4.5-6.3) was about half that previously reported. The prevalence of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) was less uniform between countries and, in some countries, exceeded previous estimates. Fourteen new cases of HCC (11 from Sweden) were reported in patients with acute porphyria. Sixty seven patients (3 VP; 64 AIP: 53 females, 11 males) with recurrent attacks of acute porphyria were identified. The estimated percentage of patients with AIP that will develop recurrent acute attacks was 3-5 %. In conclusion, the prevalence of symptomatic acute porphyria may be decreasing, possibly due to improved management, whereas the prevalence of EPP may be increasing due to improved diagnosis and its greater recognition as a cause of photosensitivity.

Porfirias agudas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Acute porphyria in an intensive care unit

Las porfirias son enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias muy raras, causadas por la hipoactividad de determinadas enzimas implicadas en la síntesis del grupo hemo. Presentamos tres casos de pacientes jóvenes que debutaron con crisis de porfiria aguda, y en los que, como es frecuente, se retrasó el diagnóstico y llegaron a precisar ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) por encefalopatía grave. Tras realizar el tratamiento con hemina, la clínica mejoró rápidamente, pero en un paciente persistió una polineuropatía periférica grave como secuela durante meses. Además, comunicamos el primer caso de desencadenamiento de crisis porfírica por el uso de la "píldora del día después" (levonorgestrel) (AU)

Porphyrias are rare hereditary metabolic disorders caused by the inactivity of certain enzymes that participate in hemesynthesis. We report 3 cases in which porphyria debuted with acute episodes in young patients. As is often the case, diagnosis was delayed, and intensive care was required for severe encephalopathy. Symptoms improved rapidly after hemintherapy was started, but peripheral polyneuropathy persisted for several months in 1 patient. We report the first case of aporphyria-related seizure triggered by use of the morning-after pill (levonorgestrel) (AU)