Presentación inusual de coriocarcinoma metastásico a hígado y pulmón: un reporte de caso / Unusual presentation of metastatic choriocarcinoma to liver and lung: a case report

La enfermedad trofoblástica gestacional (ETG) es un trastorno proliferativo del trofoblasto. Incluye la mola hidatidiforme, el coriocarcinoma, la mola invasiva, el tumor trofoblástico del lecho placentario y el tumor trofoblástico epitelioide. Las últimas cuatro hacen parte de la neoplasia trofoblástica gestacional, que agrupa menos del 1% de todos los tumores ginecológicos. La incidencia de la ETG puede variar, siendo aproximadamente de 1 a 3 de cada 1.000 embarazos en América del Norte y Europa. El coriocarcinoma es la forma más agresiva por su rápida invasión vascular y compromiso metastásico. Sin embargo, es un tumor muy quimiosensible con una alta tasa de respuestas y posibilidad de curación superior al 90%. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 40 años quien ingresó al servicio de urgencias por disnea súbita secundaria a tromboembolia pulmonar y posteriormente tras el inicio de anticoagulación presentó hemoperitoneo debido a lesiones hepáticas metastásicas de un coriocarcinoma, además de compromiso metastásico pulmonar. Se presenta este caso por ser una patología poco frecuente, agresiva y con presentaciones inusuales, con el fin de mostrar la importancia de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a condition in which the trophoblast, a layer of cells surrounding the embryo, develops abnormally. GTD includes both pre-malignant and malignant pathologies, such as hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, invasive mole, placental site trophoblastic tumor, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor. Although GTD is rare, it affects about 1 to 3 out of every 1,000 pregnancies in North America and Europe. Choriocarcinoma is the most aggressive form of GTD, as it can quickly invade blood vessels and metastasize to other parts of the body. However, it is highly responsive to chemotherapy, with a cure rate of over 90%. In this case, a 40-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with sudden dyspnea due to pulmonary embolism. After starting anticoagulation therapy, she developed hemoperitoneum due to the spread of choriocarcinoma to her liver, as well as pulmonary metastases. This case is noteworthy because of its unusual presentation and aggressive nature, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Coriocarcinoma postgestacional / Post-pregnancy choriocarcinoma

El coriocarcinoma es una patología infrecuente pero potencialmente fatal si no se trata. Se incluye dentro de las neoplasias trofoblásticas gestacionales, un grupo de tumores malignos altamente invasivos, metastáticos y muy vascularizados. Su presentación tras una gestación a término conlleva peor pronóstico que tras un aborto o una mola hidatiforme porque refleja un retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Describimos el caso de una paciente que acudió al servicio de urgencias, refiriendo metrorragia escasa desde un parto normal hace dos meses y posteriormente presentó un sangrado grave durante su hospitalización. Los elevados niveles de β-hCG, la ecografía-Doppler, las pruebas de imagen y las manifestaciones clínicas fueron suficientes para diagnosticar un coriocarcinoma postparto. El tratamiento precoz con poliquimioterápicos permitió una evolución favorable de la paciente.

Choriocarcinoma is an infrequent disease but potentially fatal if untreated. It is included in trophoblastic gestational neoplasia, a range of malignant tumors highly invasive, metastatic and very vascular. Its presentation after term pregnancies carries a worse prognosis than after a miscarriage or a hydatidiform mole because it reflects a delay in diagnosis and treatment. We report the case of a patient who presented to the emergency department referring little metrorrhagia from a normal delivery two months ago and severe bleeding later during her hospital stay. The high serum β-hCG level, the Doppler ultrasonography, the imaging test and the clinical manifestation were enough to diagnose a non-metastatic postpartum choriocarcinoma. Early treatment with polychemotherapy allowed a favorable evolution of the patient.

Disseminated retroperitoneal choriocarcinoma with open fistula to intestine. "Restitutio ad integrum" with chemotherapy alone.

We hereby present a clinical case of a germinal tumour with a pulmonary and retroperitoneal dissemination in form of a great adenopathic mass that fistulizes into the duodenum, that obtained a complete resolution with chemotherapy.

Choriocarcinoma complicated by a vaginal fistula, sepsis and hemorrhagic shock. Case report.

A case of poor prognostic choriocarcinoma developing sepsis is described. The patient was treated with vaginal drainage of pelvic abscess metastases, bilateral hypogastric artery ligation to prevent hemorrhage and single-agent chemotherapy.

Metastasis of choriocarcinoma to lumbar and sacral column.

We describe the case of a patient who reported a 4-month history of edema in the lower right limb, which was accompanied by pain and paresthesia and which progressed to flaccid paraplegia. Two years earlier she had undergone a uterine curettage for hydatidiform mole. Metastases of a choriocarcinoma to the lumbar and sacral segments of the column were diagnosed.

Cerebral metastasis from choriocarcinoma and oncotic aneurysms. Case report.

Cerebral metastasis occur in 10 to 20% of patients with choriocarcinoma. We describe the twelfth patient with oncotic aneurysms from choriocarcinoma verified by cerebral angiography. The importance to consider this disease in a woman of childbearing age who develop an intracerebral hemorrhage or a lesion with mass effect is emphasized, as well as laboratial and radiological characteristics. Therapeutic approaches with chemotherapic agents, surgery and irradiation are discussed.