Dental anomalies in individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and comparative studies.

BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder primarily caused by mutations in the genes involved in the production of type 1 collagen. OI is also known as brittle bone disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the prevalence of dental anomalies (except dentinogenesis imperfecta) in individuals with OI, and compare the prevalence of dental anomalies between individuals with and without OI and between individuals with different types of OI. SEARCH METHODS: Searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, and gray literature were performed in October 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA: Observational studies (with or without a comparison group) that evaluated the prevalence of dental anomalies in individuals with OI. Data collection and analysis: Data items were extracted by two authors. Quality assessment employing the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists and meta-analyses was conducted. Results were provided in prevalence values and odds ratio (OR) / 95% confidence interval (CI). Strength of evidence was determined. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included. Most prevalent dental anomalies in individuals with OI included pulp obliteration (46.4%), dental impaction (33.5%), dental impaction of second molars (27%), and tooth agenesis (23.9%). Individuals with OI type III/IV had 20.16-fold greater chance of exhibiting tooth discoloration in comparison with individuals with OI type I (CI: 1.10-370.98). In comparison with the group without OI, the individuals with OI had 6.90-fold greater chance of exhibiting dental impaction (CI: 1.54-31.00). High methodological quality was found in 47% of the studies. Strength of evidence was low or very low. CONCLUSIONS: Pulp obliteration, dental impaction, and tooth agenesis were the most prevalent dental anomalies in the OI group. Individuals with OI were more likely to have dental impaction than individuals without OI. Individuals with OI type III/IV (severe-moderate) are more likely to have tooth discoloration than individuals with OI type I (mild).

Do Patients with Extrinsic Black Tooth Stains Have a Lower Dental Caries Experience? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Studies have suggested that individuals affected by extrinsic black tooth stains have less dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there is scientific evidence demonstrating that extrinsic black stains are a protective factor for the occurrence of dental caries. This systematic review was developed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the research question was determined using the PECO strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published up to September 2018. All articles included were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the data were extracted for meta-analysis. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 9,108 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis, 13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with extrinsic black stains involving primary (median, MD: -0.78 [-1.09; -0.48]; I2 = 44%) and permanent (MD: -0.50 [-0.93; -0.08]; I2 = 86%) teeth have a lower dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. Patients with extrinsic black tooth stains have a lower dental caries experience in cross-sectional studies.

Profile of intrusive luxation and healing complications in deciduous and permanent teeth - a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study analyse the profile of intrusion in deciduous (DT) and permanent teeth (PT), the occurrence of healing complications (HC), type of treatments and predisposing factors. METHODS: The records of patients attended from 2005 to 2011 were analysed. Records of patients who had one or more intruded DT or PT were included in the study. Data collected from dental records included age, gender, attendance (immediate/mediate), healing complications and type of treatment. A Chi-square test and Logistic regression (p ≤ .05) were performed to evaluate the associations between the type of teeth and presence of HC, as well as to explore the interactions between predisposing factors. RESULTS: The intrusion prevalence was 9.98% in DT and 2.45% in PT. Partial intrusion (57.3%) with palatal direction of the crown (61.8%) was most prevalent in DT, while complete intrusion (56.7%) with buccal direction of the crown (58.1%) was predominant for PT. Mobility was the most common HC in DT compared to root resorption in PT. Minimally invasive treatments were the most common therapy for DT compared to invasive treatments for PT. PT demonstrated increased HC when compared to DT (p = .004). A logistic regression illustrated that the level of intrusion and crown direction during the trauma did not influence the occurrence of HC (p > .05). CONCLUSION: Intrusion's profile in DT and PT are different. PT showed more HC than DT, however the level of intrusion and crown direction were not associated with the presence of HC.

Effect of dark discolouration and enamel/dentine fracture on the oral health-related quality of life of pre-schoolers.

AIM: To determine the effect of different types of dental trauma on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among pre-school children. METHODS: Four hundred fifty-nine Brazilian pre-schoolers aged 3-5 years were submitted to an oral examination in the school environment for the evaluation of dental trauma using the criteria proposed by Andreasen et al. (2007). Parents answered a questionnaire on the OHRQoL of the children using the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and another one on socio-demographic characteristics of the children and their families. The questionnaires were sent to the parents to be answered at home. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test and Poisson regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Children with dark discolouration and enamel-dentine fracture without pulp exposure had higher mean ECOHIS scores than those without these alterations. The multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that pre-school children with dark discolouration (PR 1.79; 95% CI 1.24-2.58) and enamel-dentine fracture without pulp exposure (PR 1.89; 95% CI 1.22-2.92) had a higher impact on quality of life than those without these alterations. CONCLUSION: Dark discolouration and enamel-dentine fracture without pulp exposure were associated with a negative impact on the life of pre-schoolers.

Tabaquismo, su relación con la salud bucal en adultos jóvenes de La Rioja, Argentina / Smoking, its relationship with oral health in young adults of La Rioja, Argentina

El tabaquismo es una adicción perjudicial para la salud general y bucal; la nicotina del tabaco estimulala producción de dopamina en el cerebro medio favoreciendo la instalación de la adicción. Desconocemos el estado bucal en los adultos jóvenes que fuman en nuestra provincia. Objetivo: estudiar la salud bucal relacionada con el tabaquismo en adultos jóvenes en estado saludable de La Rioja. Materiales y Métodos: desde febrero de 2015 hasta mayo de 2016 se obtuvo una muestra de 268 adultos, se dividió en grupo Problema y Control, n=134 y ambos grupos se subdividieron en 67 hombres y mujeres respectivamente. Se registraron en la historia clínica: edad, sexo, lugar de nacimiento, estudios, actividad laboral, fuma sí/no, cantidad de cigarrillos diarios, gingivitis, dientes con caries y manchados por nicotina. Diseño observacional de casos y controles, se aplicó ANOVA, Chi cuadrado con p≤0,05. Resultados: En los fumadores prevalece la educación primaria p=0,022, el trabajo en relación de dependencia p= 0,021, gingivitisp=0,009, dientes manchados por nicotina p<0,001, los hombres fuman 10,8±9,1 cigarrillos promedio por día y las mujeres 8,1±7,6. La mujer tiene promedio 4,73 caries y 2,36 dientes extraídos y el hombre 3,79 y 1,19 respectivamente. Conclusiones: En el tabaquismo prevalece: educación primaria, trabajo en relación de dependencia, gingivitis y dientes manchados por nicotina. Los hombres fuman más que las mujeres y las mujeres tienen más piezas extraídas que los hombres. Se debe concientizar a la población de las consecuencias del tabaquismo para la salud bucal.

Smoking is a harmful addiction to health. Tobacco nicotine stimulates the production of dopaminein the middle brain favoring the installation of addiction. We do not know the oral condition in youngadults who smoke in our province. Objective: to study oral health related to smoking in healthy youngadults in La Rioja. Materials and Methods: a sample of 268 adults was obtained from February 2015to May 2016, divided into a Problem and Control group, n=134, and both groups were subdividedinto 67 men and women respectively. They were recorded in the medical history: age, sex, place ofbirth, studies, work activity, smoke yes / no, number of cigarettes per day, gingivitis, teeth with cariesand stained by nicotine. Observational design of cases and controls, ANOVA was applied, Chi squarewith p≤0.05. Results: Predominates in smokers primary education p=0.022, dependency work p=0.021,gingivitis p=0.009, nicotine stained teeth p<0.001, men smoke 10, 8± 9, 1 cigarettes per day and women8,1±7,6. Women has an average of 4.73 caries and the man 3,79 with p=0.029. The women has moreextracted teeth 2,36 than man 1,19; p=0,0255. Conclusions: smoking prevalence: primary education, employee, gingivitis, nicotine stained teeth, men smoke more than women, and women have more extracted teeth than men. The application of law number 7.525 in the province should be strengthenedto preserve the oral health of the population. The population should be made aware of the consequences of smoking for oral health.

Dental disorders in brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) maintained in captivity.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate dental disorders of brown howler monkeys maintained in captivity. The hypothesis is that the identification and diagnosis of the lesions may contribute to control and prevention. METHODS: Sixteen intact brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans), eight females and eight males, weighing from 3.9 to 6.8 kg, were studied. Under general anesthesia, the teeth were evaluated by visual inspection, probing, palpation, and intra-oral radiographic exam. The findings were registered on a dental chart specific for primates. RESULT: Of the 16 monkeys evaluated in the present study, 94% (n = 15) had some type of dental disorder. The lesions observed were dental calculus (88%), dental wear (81%), missing teeth (38%), gingivitis (19%), gingival recession (6%), dental fracture (19%), pulp exposure (19%), and dental staining (25%). CONCLUSIONS: Alouatta guariba clamitans maintained in captivity have a high rate of dental problems.

One-year follow-up of at-home bleaching in smokers before and after dental prophylaxis.

OBJECTIVE: This clinical study evaluated the color longevity after one-year of at-home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in smokers and nonsmokers. METHODS: Sixty patients, 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers were subjected to bleaching with 10% CP during three hours daily for three weeks. The color was measured at baseline and one week, one month and one year after the completion of dental bleaching using the spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade (ΔE*), shade guide Vita classical organized by value and Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER (ΔSGU). In the one-year recall, the color was assessed before and after dental prophylaxis with Robinson brush and prophylaxis paste. Data from color evaluation were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test for the contrast of means (α=0.05). RESULTS: Twenty-seven smokers and 28 non-smokers attended the one-year recall. For both study groups, only the main factor assessment time was statistically significant for ΔSGU (Vita classical) and ΔE* (p<0.001). Effective whitening was observed for both groups at baseline, which was stable at one-month and one year after dental prophylaxis. A slight darkening was observed after one year when the color was measured without prophylaxis. For the Vita Bleachedguide 3D-MASTER, color rebound was observed irrespectively of dental prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: The bleaching with 10% CP remained stable in both groups as long as extrinsic stains from diet and cigarette smoke were removed by professional dental prophylaxis. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: NCT02017873. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study indicate that the bleaching is effective in smokers even after one-year, but dental prophylaxis may be necessary to remove extrinsic stains caused by diet and smoking.

Frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares de San Juan de la Costa, Chile, 2012 / Frequency of dental stains in schoolchildren of San Juan de la Costa, Chile, 2012

Introducción: las tinciones dentales son sustancias exógenas pigmentadas, que se distribuyen en forma de líneas o puntos paralelos al margen gingival. Se adhieren firmemente al esmalte cervical de la corona dental. Su prevalencia mundial oscila entre 6 y 19 por ciento. Se ha observado una asociación entre su presencia y una baja experiencia de caries. Objetivo: determinar frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares de 6 a 12 años de la comuna de San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional entre abril y junio del año 2012, que midió la presencia y extensión de tinciones dentales en una muestra aleatoria de 267 niños de un universo de 1 243 estudiantes de 6 a 12 años de la comuna de San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Los participantes fueron examinados en las escuelas de la zona con ayuda de instrumental de examen estéril. Se registraron las variables edad, género, ascendencia Mapuche Huilliche, presencia de tinciones y caries a través del COPD; estas se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: la frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares es 11,6 por ciento. Conclusión: la frecuencia de tinciones dentales en escolares de la comuna de San Juan de la Costa es similar a la registrada en la literatura mundial(AU)

Introduction: tooth stains are exogenous pigment substances distributed as parallel lines or points at the gingival margin. They firmly adhere to the cervical enamel of the dental crown. Their worldwide prevalence is between 6 and 19 por ciento. An association between their presence and low caries experience has been observed. Objective: to determine the frequency of tooth stains of 6 to 12 years old in the district of San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Methods: an observational study measuring the presence and extension of tooth stains was carried out between April and June of 2012 in the district of San Juan de la Costa, Chile. The research's randomized sample used was a group of 267 from a universe of 1 243 students from 6 to 12 years in the district of San Juan de la Costa, Chile. Participants were tested in schools in the area using sterile instrumentation. Variables were age, gender, ancestry Mapuche Huilliche (AMH), presence of stains and decay through the DMFT index. The result was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: the frequency of tooth stains among schoolchildren is 11.6 percent. Conclusion: the frequency of tooth stains among schoolchildren is 11.6 percent, which is similar to the values figuring in the literature available worldwide(AU)

Pigmentaciones extrínsecas en el paciente pediátrico / Extrinsec stains in the pediatric patient

Las pigmentaciones extrínsecas negras son puntos o pequeñas áreas de coloración osecura que pueden unirse, formando una línea definida o difusa. Pueden contener sal férrica insoluble, sulfuro férrico y un alto contenido de calcio y fosfato. Su etiología y taxonomía sigue siendo controversial. Algunos investigadores la asocian con una baja frecuencia de caries dental en dentición primaria y permanente joven. La remoción mecánica de estas pigmentaciones requiere intervención profesional

Pigmentaciones extrínsecas en el paciente pediátrico / Extrinsec stains in the pediatric patient

Las pigmentaciones extrínsecas negras son puntos o pequeñas áreas de coloración osecura que pueden unirse, formando una línea definida o difusa. Pueden contener sal férrica insoluble, sulfuro férrico y un alto contenido de calcio y fosfato. Su etiología y taxonomía sigue siendo controversial. Algunos investigadores la asocian con una baja frecuencia de caries dental en dentición primaria y permanente joven. La remoción mecánica de estas pigmentaciones requiere intervención profesional(AU)

Activity assessment has little impact on caries parameters reduction in epidemiological surveys with preschool children.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude of the reduction in caries parameters after inclusion of dental caries activity assessment, in an epidemiological survey of preschool children, involving cavitated and noncavitated caries lesions. METHODS: The survey was carried out in Santa Maria, Brazil, during the National Children's Vaccination Day, and 639 children aged between 12 months and 59 months were included. Fifteen examiners assessed the children based on the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and additional lesion activity assessment criteria. The mean of decayed surfaces (d-s), the mean of decayed teeth (d-t), caries prevalence, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, initially by classifying all lesions using the various thresholds defined by the ICDAS. Caries activity status was then evaluated, and inactive lesions were classified as sound in a secondary analysis; subsequently, the same caries parameters, at the same thresholds, were recalculated. The reduction in caries parameters and the number of children requiring assessment to change their classification from decayed to sound (number needed to be assessed) were also calculated. RESULTS: The majority of lesions were classified as active, mainly at cavitated thresholds. When activity was considered, values of all caries parameters decreased. This decrease was more evident at noncavitated thresholds. The number of children requiring assessment to change their classification from decayed to sound was <20 considering all lesions, but this value increased to approximately 100 when we included only cavitated lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion of activity assessment in caries epidemiological surveys has little impact on the d-s, d-t and prevalence of dental caries considering both noncavitated and cavitated lesions.

Extrinsic tooth enamel color changes and their relationship with the quality of water consumed.

The quality of the consumed drinking water may affect oral health. For example, the presence of iron in drinking water can cause aesthetic problems related to changes in dental enamel color. This study assessed the prevalence of extrinsic enamel color changes and their relationship with the quality of the water in the town of Caapiranga/AM-Brazil. Three hundred and forty six residents of the urban area were examined, and they also answered a questionnaire on eating habits and self-perceived oral health. As the initial results indicated an insufficient number of observations for the application of variance analysis (one-way ANOVA), the Student t test was chosen to compare levels of iron content in the water coming from two sources. The change in tooth color had a prevalence of 5.78% (20 people). The majority of the population (n = 261, 75.43%) consumed well water. Those who presented extrinsic stains were uncomfortable with the appearance of their teeth (15.09%). We conclude that while there is excess of iron in the water in this region of Brazil, no association between extrinsic stains on the enamel and the level of iron in the water was found. There was a low prevalence of extrinsic stains in Caaparinga, being found only in children and adolescents. In the present study, an association between the presence of stains and the consumption of açai was determined, and those who presented them felt uncomfortable about their aesthetics.

Association between black stains and dental caries in primary teeth: findings from a Brazilian population-based birth cohort.

Lower dental caries experience has been observed in children and teenagers with the presence of black stains on dental structures. However, none of the previous investigations were population-based studies or adjusted the analysis for potential confounders. This study assessed the prevalence of black stains at the age of 5 in a population-based birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil and investigated the association between black stains and dental caries. A total of 1,129 children from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort were examined at age 5, and their mothers were interviewed at their households. Dental examinations included a search for black stains and dental caries on the primary dentition through the dmf-s index. The mothers' questionnaire comprised data on demographic, social, and behavior aspects. Prevalence of black stains was 3.5% (95% CI 2.5-4.7) and the prevalence of dental caries was 48.4% (95% CI 45.4-51.4). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between black stains and dental caries. Adjusted analysis revealed that the presence of black stains was associated with lower levels of dental caries (OR = 0.51; 95% CI 0.26-0.99). The results of the present study suggest that black stains are a protective factor for dental caries development.

Non-accidental collision followed by dental trauma: associated factors.

The aim of the present cross-sectional survey was to assess factors associated with non-accidental collision followed by dental trauma among adolescents in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. A total of 387 students from 12 to 15 years of age (mean = 14 SD = 0.9) were randomly selected. The study was carried out in two stages. Firstly, data were collected through dental examinations of permanent incisors. Secondly, a thorough interview was held with 85 adolescents who exhibited dental trauma in the dental examinations. The interview consisted of a detailed description of the incident and physical environment in which it occurred. Descriptive analysis and the chi-square test (P < 0.05) were performed. The prevalence of dental injury was 22% (n = 85). Dental trauma was more prevalent in boys (P = 0.001) and individuals with overjet >3 mm (P = 0.007) and inadequate lip coverage (P = 0.013). Analysis of the event revealed that 22.3% of the cases of dental trauma occurred because of non-accidental collision. Non-accidental collision followed by injury occurred mainly at school (P < 0.001) and in an environment with a concrete, tiled or ceramic floor (P = 0.001). No statistically significant associations were found between non-accidental collision and gender, age or mother's schooling. It was concluded that the non-accidental collisions happened especially at school and in indoor environments with a concrete, tiled or ceramic floor.

Frequency of intrusive luxation in deciduous teeth and its effects.

The aims of this study were three-fold: First, to determine the prevalence of partial and total intrusion of the primary anterior teeth. Second, to investigate the sequelae of total and partial intrusive luxation in the primary anterior teeth and in their successors and finally, to establish whether the sequelae on both deciduous and permanent teeth were related to the child's age at the time of the intrusion. Data collected from records of 169 boys and 138 girls, all between the ages of zero and 10 years, who were undergoing treatment during the period of March 1996 to December 2004. The sample was composed of 753 traumatized deciduous teeth, of which 221 presented intrusive luxation injury. Children with ages ranging from one to 4 years were the most affected with falls being the main cause of intrusion. Of all intruded teeth 128 (57.9%) were totally intruded and 93 (42.1%) partially. Pulp necrosis/premature loss and color change were the most frequent sequelae in both total and partial intrusions. Concerning permanent dentition, the most common disturbances were color change and/or enamel hypoplasia. Both types of intrusion caused eruption disturbance. Total intrusion was the most frequent type of intrusive luxation. There was no significant correlation between the child's age at the time of intrusion and the frequency of subsequent sequela on primary injured teeth (P = 0.035), between the age at the time of injury and the developmental disturbances on permanent teeth (P = 0.140).

Traumatic dental injuries in primary dentition: epidemiological study among preschool children in South Brazil.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of traumatic injury in primary dentition among children aged 12-71 months old, as well as to evaluate the distribution of traumatic injuries, type of trauma and associated factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: After the research project approval by the Ethics Research Committee, a cross-sectional study was carried out including 571 preschool children--both from public and private schools--in the city of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Data were collected by means of anterior teeth examination, and by the administration of a structured questionnaire to parents. The classification proposed by Andreasen & Andreasen was used, and crown discoloration and fistula were added to this criterion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dental trauma was 36.6% (95% CI 32.7-40.5), with no significant differences between boys and girls. Trauma were more frequent among older children (P = 0.001). No associations were found for maternal schooling, income and type of school. The most frequent trauma was enamel fracture, and the most affected tooth was number 61. A significant statistical association was observed between the presence of dental trauma during clinical examination and parental report of trauma occurrence. The percentage of parents who looked for dental treatment was higher among children from private schools (P = 0.001). The most frequent place of occurrence was home, and the most frequently reported etiology was child's own-height fall. CONCLUSIONS: Dental trauma in primary teeth is characterized as an accident that occurs due to the children's development stage, even when they are cared for by mothers of higher schooling and income. Parents should search for assistance right after trauma occurrence to minimize sequelae.

Prevalence of dental trauma in deciduous teeth of Brazilian children.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental trauma as compared to the prevalence of dental caries in children aged 3-59 months. A cross-sectional study was carried out during the National Immunization Day for Polio in Recife, northeast Brazil. The sample comprised 3489 children under the age of 5. The clinical examination was performed by 123 previously trained dental students. The inter-examiner agreement for crown fracture was 90.32% and for tooth discoloration it was 83.87%. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed using the dmf-t index. The statistical methods included descriptive analysis and the chi-square test with a margin of error of 5%. A total of 56 142 teeth were examined and the prevalence of dental trauma was 14.9%. Dental fracture was the most prevalent injury observed in 516 teeth (0.9%), followed by discoloration in 191 (0.9%), intrusion in 12 (0.02%) and extrusion in five (0.008%). The most affected teeth were the upper central incisors. The prevalence of dental trauma increased significantly with age and family income (P < 0.0001). Dental trauma was most prevalent from 2 to 5 years of age. The prevalence of dental caries was 14.3%. This prevalence increased significantly with age (P < 0.0001) and with the reduction in family income (P < 0.0001). The results showed that the prevalence of dental caries and dental trauma was similar, and that both caused the same amount of damage to dental health for the target population.

Prevalence of black tooth stains and dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren.

This study evaluated the correlation between the presence of black extrinsic tooth stains and caries in Brazilian schoolchildren. The target population consisted of 263 children aged 6-12 years. Clinical examinations were performed by four dentists calibrated for the World Health Organization criteria for caries diagnosis. The c(2) test was used to compare the prevalence of caries between groups of children with and without black tooth stains. Spearman's correlation test was used to analyze the relationship between the presence of black stains and caries severity. Black stains were observed in 14.8% of the children. The number of children with caries-free permanent dentition was not statistically different between groups. The mean DMF-T was 1.46 +/- 1.39 for children with black stains and 2.42 +/- 2.09 for children without black stains. A negative correlation was observed between the presence (r = -0.16; p<0.05) and severity (r = -0.15; p<0.01) of black stains and DMF-T.

Prevalence of black tooth stains and dental caries in Brazilian schoolchildren

O presente estudo avaliou a correlação entre a presença de manchas extrínsecas pretas no esmalte dental e experiência de cárie de escolares brasileiros. A população alvo consistiu de 263 crianças com idades entre 6 e 12 anos. Os exames clínicos foram realizados por quatro dentistas calibrados de acordo com o critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde para diagnóstico de cárie. O teste c2 foi usado para comparar a prevalência de cárie entre crianças com e sem manchas pretas no esmalte. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi usado para analisar a relação entre a presença de mancha preta e a severidade da doença cárie. A presença de manchas pretas foi diagnosticada em 14,8 por cento das crianças. O número de crianças livre de cárie na dentição permanente não foi estatisticamente diferente entre os grupos. O CPO-D médio foi 1,46 ± 1,39 para crianças com manchas pretas e 2,42 ± 2,09 para crianças sem mancha. Observou-se correlação negativa entre a presença (r = -0,16; p<0,05) e severidade (r = -0,15; p<0,01) da mancha preta e o CPO-D.

Diente rosado: ¿orienta el mecanismo de muerte? Artículo de revisión / Pink tooth: does it show the mechanism of death? Review of the literature

El fenómeno del diente rosado es una pigmentación intrínseca de color rosado, presente de manera generalizada en los dientes de quienes han muerto de manera no natural. En este artículo se presenta una revisión de la literatura publicada hasta el momento, en la que se ha estudiado todo lo relacionado con la aparición del fenómeno de diente rosado, incluyendo estudios experimentales y discusión de expertos internacionales (vía internet), además de la observación de la población de morgues, hecha por los patólogos, odontólogos y antropólogos forenses del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses de Bogotá; esto, con el fin de determinar un mecanismo específico de muerte o por lo menos guiar la investigación de las muertes médicolegales hacia un mecanismo de muerte. El diente rosado se produce por difusión de hemoglobina descompuesta a través de los canalículos dentinales, por lo que se supone es un fenómeno de hipóstasis cadavérica: otra característica importante es que no es un signo patognomónico de la asfixia mecánica, por haber sido observado en otros mecanismos de muerte