Women attaining decent work: The important role of workplace climate in Psychology of Working Theory.

Grounded in Psychology of Working Theory (PWT), the current study investigated predictors of decent work among a sample of employed women (N = 528). A structural equation model was examined finding that women's experiences of marginalization, work volition, and career adaptability all directly predicted the attainment of decent work, and economic constraints and marginalization experiences indirectly predicted decent work via work volition. Additionally, workplace climate for women employees was examined as both a predictor and moderator variable to explore best positioning of this additive construct. Workplace climate did not significantly moderate any model paths; however, it was a unique predictor of work volition and decent work, suggesting that this construct may be better positioned as a predictor variable in understanding the work experiences of women. These results highlight the importance of further investigating the role of workplace climate in PWT as well as the need for refining our understanding of how marginalized employees achieve decent work. Implications of the present study's results are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

El derecho al aborto en la formación psi: Tensiones, demandas y desafíos

Desde la Cátedra Libre por el Derecho al Aborto Legal, Seguro y Gratuito de la Facultad de Psicología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, espacio conformado en 2016, se presentan aportes al debate sobre el aborto legal en el campo de la formación "psi". Los diferentes capítulos de esta obra surgen de las discusiones y producciones de distintas actividades (jornadas, talleres, seminarios, etc.). El libro se compone de tres partes: la primera presenta una genealogización de la demanda por el derecho al aborto y los debates en el campo de la psicología a partir de referentes como Graciela Zaldúa, Nina Brugo, Martha Rosenberg, Débora Tajer y Elsa Schvartzman. En la segunda parte se desarrollan dos trabajos: uno analiza el tratamiento del aborto en la formación de grado y otro, las prácticas de interrupción legal del embarazo desde los equipos de salud en el primer nivel de atención. El último apartado presenta la síntesis de producciones de fin de grado de estudiantes de Psicología acerca del tema del aborto. (AU)

"Thinking of You" in Kosovo: Art Activism Against the Stigma of Sexual Violence.

In this article, we present, as participants and observers, an analysis of the social and political impact of the 2015 art installation "Mendoj Për Ty" [Thinking of You], dedicated to survivors of wartime sexual violence in Kosovo. We argue that art possesses an extraordinary power to unveil the "public secret" of wartime rape, as well as produce a "reparative" reading of the past, creating solidarity for, and recognition of, survivors, which simultaneously empowers them and their advocates. We also confirm the crucial role of women's networks and subjectivity to the inclusion of women's perspectives for effective transitional justice.

Association of a Simulated Institutional Gender Equity Initiative With Gender-Based Disparities in Medical School Faculty Salaries and Promotions.

Importance: Despite progress in narrowing gender-based salary gaps, notable disparities persist in the scientific community. The significance of pay difference may be underestimated, with little data evaluating its effect on lifetime wealth after accounting for factors like time to promotion and savings. Objectives: To characterize gender disparities in salary and assess the outcomes associated with a gender equity initiative (GEI). Design, Setting, and Participants: Quality improvement study with simulations of salary and additional accumulated wealth (AAW) using retrospectively reviewed Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine annual salary and promotion data. All academic faculty were included in the faculty salary analysis from 2005 (n = 1481) and 2016 (n = 1885). Main Outcomes and Measures: Salary and longitudinal promotion data from 2005 to 2016 were used to estimate gender-based differences in salary and time to promotion. The effect of these differences on total salary and AAW, including retirement and salary-based investments, was simulated for a representative male and female faculty member over a 30-year career in 3 scenarios: (1) pre-GEI, (2) post-GEI, and (3) in real time for GEI, beginning with and progressing through these initiatives. Results: Analyses of salaries of 1481 faculty (432 women) in 2005 and 1885 faculty (742 women) in 2016 revealed that a decade after GEI implementation, the overall mean (SE) salary gap by gender decreased from -2.6% (1.2%) (95% CI, -5.6% to -0.3%) to -1.9% (1.1%) (95% CI, -4.1% to 0.3%). Simulation of pre-GEI disparities correlated with male faculty collecting an average lifetime AAW of $501 416 more than the equivalent woman, with disparities persisting past retirement. The AAW gap decreased to $210 829 in the real-time GEI simulation and to $66 104 using post-GEI conditions, reflecting success of GEI efforts. Conclusions and Relevance: Even small gender-based salary gaps are associated with substantial differences in lifetime wealth, but an institutional commitment to achieving equitable promotion and compensation for women can appreciably reduce these disparities. The findings of this study support broad implementation of similar initiatives without delay, as results may take more than a decade to emerge. A modifiable version of the simulation is provided so that external users may assess the potential disparities present within their own institutions.

Coming of age? Women's sexual and reproductive health after twenty-one years of democracy in South Africa.

This paper is a sequel to a 2004 article that reviewed South Africa's introduction of new sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights laws, policies and programmes, a decade into democracy. Similarly to the previous article, this paper focuses on key areas of women's SRH: contraception and fertility, abortion, maternal health, HIV, cervical and breast cancer and sexual violence. In the last decade, South Africa has retained and expanded its sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) policies in the areas of abortion, contraception, youth and HIV treatment (with the largest antiretroviral treatment programme in the world). These are positive examples within the SRHR policy arena. These improvements include fewer unsafe abortions, AIDS deaths and vertical HIV transmission, as well as the public provision of a human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. However, persistent socio-economic inequities and gender inequality continue to profoundly affect South African women's SRHR. The state shows mixed success over the past two decades in advancing measurable SRH social justice outcomes, and in confronting and ameliorating social norms that undermine SRHR.

The global epidemic of abuse and disrespect during childbirth: History, evidence, interventions, and FIGO's mother-baby friendly birthing facilities initiative.

Recent evidence indicates that disrespectful/abusive/coercive service delivery by skilled providers in facilities, which results in actual or perceived poor quality of care, is directly and indirectly associated with adverse maternal and newborn outcomes. The present article reviews the evidence for disrespectful/abusive care during childbirth in facilities (DACF), describes examples of DACF, discusses organizations active in a rights-based respectful maternity care movement, and enumerates some strategies and interventions that have been identified to decrease DACF. It concludes with a discussion of one strategy, which has been recently implemented by FIGO with global partners-the International Pediatrics Association, International Confederation of Midwives, the White Ribbon Alliance, and WHO. This strategy, the Mother and Baby Friendly Birth Facility (MBFBF) Initiative, is a criterion-based audit process based on human rights' doctrines, and modeled on WHO/UNICEF's Baby Friendly Facility Initiative.

Compromiso de la atención primaria ante la violencia de género. ¿Hemos superado el reto? / Commitment of primary care to gender violence. Have we met the challenge?

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Female gender doubles pre-hospital delay times for patients experiencing ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION: Pre-hospital delay has a significant impact on patients' mortality and morbidity in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Internationally many factors including female gender have been implicated, but no research has been conducted in Arab cultures. We aimed to explore the factors contributing to pre-hospital delay among female STEMI patients in Saudi Arabia. METHOD: This sequential, explanatory mixed methods study comprised a consecutive sample of 311 patients, presenting with STEMI to three hospitals in Riyadh, from March 2011-August 2011. Of these, 189 patients (36 females) were eligible and interviewed using the Response to Symptoms Questionnaire. A purposive sample of 18 patients (9 females) then participated in qualitative interviews that were taped and transcribed prior to thematic analysis. FINDINGS: The median pre-hospital delay for males was 5 h and 12.9 h for females (p<0.002). Standard multiple regression determined female gender as the strongest predictor of transfer delay-from decision to seek help to hospital arrival. Qualitative analysis produced five gender-related themes: (a) women require a male relative's permission to seek medical help; (b) women cannot travel to hospital unless accompanied by a male relative; (c) women prioritise family responsibilities over seeking help; (d) women lack knowledge of myocardial infarction (MI) symptoms and treatment; and (e) perception that women should not attract attention. CONCLUSION: This study provides new insight into how cultural factors increase pre-hospital delay for women within Saudi Arabia. While the quantitative data demonstrates that women experience much longer delays, the qualitative interviews confirm that cultural factors are implicated. Further research is urgently required.

Gender inequality in Russia: the perspective of participatory gender budgeting.

Gender-based discrimination is found in all economies in the world. Women's unpaid work accounts for about half of the world GDP, yet women remain under-valued and under-represented in national policies worldwide. The question of gender budgeting and citizens' participation in budgeting and governance processes has gained attention in recent years, but Russia is far from implementing these. Instead, blindness to gender issues dominates in national strategies and budgets. This paper explores these issues and looks in-depth at them in the decentralisation process in Bashkortostan, a central Russian republic. Civil society institutions whose role is to strengthen the links between government, civil society and the community in Bashkortostan, such as Public Chambers and Municipalities, lack the capacity to introduce participatory gender budgeting. As a result, no systematic participatory planning, let alone planning that is gender-sensitive, has taken place there.

A mediation model of individual differences in attitudes toward affirmative actions for women.

A mediation model of the relation between gender and attitudes toward affirmative action in favor of working women was tested. Four mediation variables were considered: perceived unfairness in the situation of working women, perceived threat to the non-designated group (men), self-esteem, and gender self-concept (masculinity and femininity). 192 women and 128 men, with differing occupations, participated. Gender affects individuals' attitudes toward affirmative actions for women, mediated by perceived unfairness in the situation of working women, perceived threat to the non-designated group, and feminine self-concept. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Women's health and women's leadership in academic medicine: hitting the same glass ceiling?

The term "glass ceiling" refers to women's lack of advancement into leadership positions despite no visible barriers. The term has been applied to academic medicine for over a decade but has not previously been applied to the advancement of women's health. This paper discusses (1) the historical linking of the advances in women's health with women's leadership in academic medicine, (2) the slow progress of women into leadership in academic medicine, and (3) indicators that the advancement of women's health has stalled. We make the case that deeply embedded unconscious gender-based biases and assumptions underpin the stalled advancement of women on both fronts. We conclude with recommendations to promote progress beyond the apparent glass ceiling that is preventing further advancement of women's health and women leaders. We emphasize the need to move beyond "fixing the women" to a systemic, institutional approach that acknowledges and addresses the impact of unconscious, gender-linked biases that devalue and marginalize women and issues associated with women, such as their health.

El enfoque de género de las iniquidades en salud desde el prisma de la Bioética / The gender approach of the health inequities from the Bioethics point of view

El trabajo hace un análisis de las iniquidades en salud vistas con un enfoque de género, desde el prisma de la Bioética, disciplina que establece un puente entre el hombre y su medio social y natural, a la luz de los valores morales. A partir de la definición de las iniquidades en salud y cómo ellas se reflejan en el caso de la mujer, se hace una exposición del tratamiento a la mujer a lo largo de la historia con énfasis en los aspectos relacionados con la salud sexual y reproductiva, desde la adolescencia y haciendo también alusión al abuso, el maltrato y la violencia, para concluir con el debate teórico acerca de los fundamentales principios éticos o de prima fascie, cuya violación afecta doblemente a la mujer(AU)

The work makes an analysis of the iniquities in health done with a gender focus, from the prism of the Bioética, it disciplines that it establishes a bridge between the man and its half social and natural one, by the light of the moral values. Starting from the definition of the iniquities in health and how they are reflected in the case of the woman, an exhibition is made from the treatment to the woman along the history with emphasis in the aspects related with the sexual and reproductive health, from the adolescence and also making allusion to the abuse, the abuse and the violence, to conclude with the theoretical debate about the fundamental ethical principles or of cousin fascie whose violation affects the woman doubly(AU)

Violence against women in Ghana: a look at women's perceptions and review of policy and social responses.

This study examines violence against women in Ghana and how it affects and is perceived by them. It looks at violence as experienced by Ghanaian women of varying ages, socio-economic status and professional standing. It defines domestic violence as violence intentionally perpetrated by husbands or male partners--people known to be intimate associates. Domestic violence is approached from a multidimensional perspective by examining the multiple facets of violence against women: sexual, socio-economic, cultural, pseudo-religious and mental torture. Women's perceptions of their rights, responsibilities, duties and abuses or violations are evaluated using open-ended qualitative questions in two major cities in Ghana: Accra and Kumasi. Policy responses to domestic violence are then examined by first reviewing what provisions exist in the country's constitution to address the problem and then the specific steps the government itself has taken. Civil society's response in the form of activities by non-governmental organizations is also reviewed. Finally, the effects of domestic violence on women's health and well-being are examined and suggestions for addressing the problem are made.

Mujer y ciudadanía

Informe sobre el programa, sus objetivos generales y específicos, y acciones principales, dirigidos a promover los derechos de la mujer como ciudadanas de un sistema democrático