Implant Placement When an Impacted Tooth and Supernumerary Teeth Are Present in the Maxilla.

The presence of impacted and/or supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region can cause complications when attempting to perform restorations with implants. Extracting these structures can lead to adverse issues related to the adjacent dentition and require osseous grafting to provide a base to house the planned implant, but such an approach increases treatment time and cost. In this case report, a patient presented with an impacted permanent canine oriented on the horizontal plane with several supernumerary teeth coronal to the impacted canine. CBCT analysis revealed a very thin buccal plate over the impacted supernumerary teeth. The proposed treatment followed the principles of partial extraction therapy (PET) whereby the impacted structures were treated like bone, and implants were placed in contact with them or through them to achieve the desired osseointegration and provide long-term survival of the restored implants.

Minimally invasive surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular supernumerary teeth using 3D surgical guide template: a case report.

Impacted supernumerary teeth are defined as the presence of one or more teeth in a patient's upper and lower jaws in addition to the normal number of teeth in the dental arch. It has an incidence rate of approximately 1%-14% and more frequently occurs in males than females, may be single or multiple, unilateral or bilateral, erupted or impacted. In this article, we describe the case of a patient with two supernumerary teeth between the roots of the mandibular second premolar and the first molar, which influenced the effectiveness of the first orthodontic treatment. The special anatomical position of the complex supernumerary teeth made tooth extraction challenging. Given the higher risk status of surgery, we implemented a novel tooth extracting technique for this patient. Thus, in this study, we describe a case of minimally invasive extraction of bilateral mandibular impacted supernumerary teeth using a digital 3D positioning guide plate.

Management options and long-term follow-ups for permanent double incisors: six to eleven-year case reports.

BACKGROUND: Double teeth are dental anomalies that can lead to aesthetic and orthodontic problems. CASE PRESENTATION: This report discusses two cases involving the multidisciplinary management of permanent maxillary left lateral incisors fused with a supernumerary tooth in two girls aged 9 and 10. Following intraoral and radiographic examinations, one was diagnosed with fusion, and the other was diagnosed with concrescence. The crown of the fused incisor was separated using a burs and extracted intraorally. The concrescent incisor was separated along its length using a laser and intentionally replanted extraorally. After a 6-year follow-up, no pathological signs were observed in the fused incisor. However, after an 11-year follow-up, external resorption was observed in the concrescent incisor. CONCLUSIONS: Both incisors remained asymptomatic throughout the observation period. This case report highlights two different and effective methods employed to preserve the natural function, form, and aesthetics of double incisors.

Effect of maxillary anterior supernumerary tooth extraction on the underlying malocclusion.

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontic discrepancies are a common finding in patients with supernumerary teeth (ST). The presence of a ST can cause a number of orthodontic discrepancies, including delayed eruption or retention of adjacent teeth, crowding, spacing, and abnormal root formation. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of extraction of an anterior supernumerary tooth on the underlying orthodontic discrepancies without additional treatment for a 6-month period. METHODS: This was a prospective, longitudinal, observational, study. It included 40 participants with orthodontic malocclusions due to maxillary anterior supernumeraries. We examined the changes in the crowding and excessive space in the anterior and posterior segments on cast models. RESULTS: In the group that presented with crowding, a statistically significant decrease of 0.95 ± 0.17 mm (P < 0.001) was found between T0 and T1. Of the participants, three exhibited full self-correction. The excessive space at T0 (3.06 mm) decreased by 1.78 ± 0.19 mm to T1 (1.28 mm) in the anterior segment. Seven participants showed full self-correction of the diastemas after the 6-month observation period. CONCLUSION: The results imply that orthodontic treatment can be postponed for at least 6 months after the extraction of the supernumerary tooth as potential self-correction can be expected. This natural alleviation of the malocclusions may make the orthodontic treatment simpler, shorten the treatment time and decrease overall appliance wear time.

A New Surgical Assistance Aid for Mesiodens Extraction Based on the Ideal Approach.

BACKGROUND: To date, the classification of mesiodens has been based on the location, crown orientation, and morphology; however, there is no assistance aid focusing on choosing surgical approach. PURPOSE: This study aimed to introduce and evaluate a new surgical assistance aid for mesiodens extraction based on surgical approach. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: For the retrospective trial part of this study, case data from mesiodens patients who had surgery at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital was collected, and a new surgical assistance aid was developed. A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on mesiodens patients who were seen in our department (patients with one mesiodens were included). PREDICTOR VARIABLE: The predictor variable was surgical approach either with or without the surgical assistance aid. Subjects were randomized to one of the two study groups. For subjects assigned to the group using the surgical assistance guide, the approach was selected according to the aid detailed in this study. For subjects assigned to the group without the surgical assistant aid, 2 residents chose an approach based on their judgment and review of relevant imaging and physical examination. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLES: The preoperative evaluation time, operative time, and complications associated with surgery were recorded separately for the two groups. COVARIATES: The age and sex were also recorded. ANALYSES: Variables were analyzed using the independent t-test and χ2 test. The level of statistical significance is P < .05. RESULTS: In the retrospective trial part, a new surgical assistance aid for mesiodens extraction was developed based on the ideal surgical approach. In the prospective randomized controlled trial, the experimental group (n = 50) was statistically significant in preoperative evaluation time (4.51 ± 0.34 mins vs 5.43 ± 0.34 mins) and operative time (31.87 ± 5.57 mins vs 36.32 ± 5.28 mins) compared to the control group (n = 50) (P < .001). There was no significant intergroup difference in complications associated with surgery (P > .05). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: The new surgical assistance aid developed in this study guides surgeons to ease the selection of surgical approaches and shorten the operative time.

Natal and neonatal teeth: early diagnosis and management.

The eruption of teeth in newborns is a rare disorder of the oral cavity and are called 'natal teeth' when they are present at birth or 'neonatal teeth' when they erupt within the first month of life. In most of these cases, they are prematurely erupted deciduous teeth or supernumerary teeth. Supportive management should be given, to facilitate child's feeding and to prevent further complications, such as aspiration as the tooth could be mobile. This study describes a series of cases that were reported to our department, involving teeth located in the mandibular anterior region either at birth or within a few days after birth. The choice of treatment for each child was based on individual assessment of the case, considering options such as monitoring and extraction along with their associated complications.

Mesiodens: a propósito de dos casos / Mesiodens: two cases

El mesiodens es el diente supernumerario más común, localizado en la línea media maxilar entre los incisivos centrales. Su etiología es incierta y se han planteado múltiples teorías. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz permite la erupción espontánea de los incisivos permanentes, evitar las complicaciones asociadas, así como tratamientos posteriores más complejos. En este artículo se presentan dos casos de mesiodens de pacientes que acuden a la consulta de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AU)

The mesiodens is the most common supernumerary tooth, located in the maxillary midline between the central incisors. Its etiology is uncertain and multiple theories have been put forward. Early diagnosis and treatment allows the spontaneous eruption of the permanent incisors, and avoids associated complications as well as more complex subsequent treatments. In this article, two cases of mesiodens in patients attending the primary care pediatric outpatient clinic are presented. (AU)

Interventions to facilitate the successful eruption of impacted maxillary incisor teeth due to the presence of a supernumerary: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: A failure of maxillary incisor eruption is commonly attributed to the presence of a supernumerary tooth. This systematic review aimed to assess the percentage of impacted maxillary incisors that successfully erupt after surgical removal of supernumerary teeth with or without other interventions. METHODS: Systematic literature searches without restrictions were undertaken in 8 databases for studies reporting any intervention aimed at facilitating incisor eruption, including surgical removal of the supernumerary alone or in conjunction with additional interventions published up to September 2022. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment according to the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions and Newcastle-Ottawa scale, random-effects meta-analyses of aggregate data were conducted. RESULTS: Fifteen studies (14 retrospective and 1 prospective) were included with 1058 participants (68.9% male; mean age, 9.1 years). The pooled eruption prevalence for removal of the supernumerary tooth with space creation or removal of the supernumerary tooth with orthodontic traction was significantly higher at 82.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.5-93.2) and 96.9% (95% CI, 83.8-99.9) respectively, compared with removal of an associated supernumerary only (57.6%; 95% CI, 47.8-67.0). The odds of successful eruption of an impacted maxillary incisor after removal of a supernumerary were more favorable if the obstruction was removed in the deciduous dentition (odds ratio [OR], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20-0.90; P = 0.02); if the supernumeraries were conical (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.98-4.28; P <0.001); if the incisor was in the correct position (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.14-4.20; P = 0.02), at the level of the gingival third (OR 0.07; 95% CI, <0.01-0.97; P = 0.04) and had incomplete root formation (OR, 9.02; 95% CI, 2.04-39.78; P = 0.004). Delaying removal of the supernumerary tooth 12 months after the expected eruption time of the maxillary incisor (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.10-1.03; P = 0.05) and waiting >6 months for spontaneous eruption after removal of the obstacle (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.50; P = 0.003) was associated with worse odds for eruption. CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence indicated that the adjunctive use of orthodontic measures and removal of supernumerary teeth might be associated with greater odds of successfull impacted incisor eruption than removal of the supernumerary tooth alone. Certain characteristics related to supernumerary type and the position or developmental stage of the incisor may also influence successful eruption after removal of the supernumerary. However, these findings should be viewed with caution as our certainty is very low to low because of bias and heterogeneity. Further well-conducted and reported studies are required. The results of this systematic review have been used to inform and justify the iMAC Trial.

Suspected Endodontic Failure in a Patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A Case Report.

A patient's medical history and related dental manifestations can significantly contribute to confounding signs and symptoms leading to a diagnostic challenge. An 18-year-old female patient presented with persistent radiographic radiolucency associated with the apex of a previously treated tooth (tooth 9); asymptomatic apical periodontitis and endodontic failure were suspected. This report presents how a patient's condition of cleidocranial dysplasia had a profound effect on her dental history, which included the presence of multiple supernumerary teeth. Extensive surgical intervention during the patient's childhood was required to remove the supernumerary teeth, which resulted in an endodontic misdiagnosis in her adult life. After clinical and radiographic examination, the patient was diagnosed with a periapical scar. Periapical fibrous scars have a prevalence of between 2.5% and 12% and are a rare healing process with fibrous tissue after surgical and nonsurgical interventions. This report describes the diagnosis and pathophysiology of fibrous scars, including their risk factors and long-term monitoring approaches.

Evaluation of radiographic characteristics and surgical removal of 147 mesiodens.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic characteristics and surgical removal of mesiodens among patients who had attended the Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial-Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of the Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University. This study included 121 patients in the final analysis. We retrospectively reviewed medical records including patient age, sex, mesiodens number, direction, position, opportunity for detection, surgical approach and operating time. The 121 patients comprised 82 males and 39 females. Mean age was 7.6 ± 3.1 years (range, 4-35 years). The total number of mesiodens among these 121 patients was 147. Ninety-six patients had one mesiodens, 24 patients had two mesiodens and 1 patient had 3 mesiodens. Seventy-nine mesiodens were detected while taking X-rays for routine dental examination and/or orthodontic treatment at their family dental/orthodontic clinic. Mean operating time for removal of the 147 mesiodens was 32.2 ± 18.1 min. Among the 96 patients with one mesiodens, mean operating time for removal of the mesiodens was 30.7 ± 16.5 min. Operating time for removal of a mesiodens tended to be prolonged with increased distance from the alveolar crest. Early detection of mesiodens on routine radiographic check-ups and surgical planning considering patient age, crown direction, position of the mesiodens will contribute to improved treatment of mesiodens.

Determination of the range of intervention timing for supernumerary teeth using the Korean health insurance review and assessment service database.

This study aimed to identify the frequency of complications during the diagnosis, observation, and treatment of supernumerary teeth or odontomas and evaluate the relationship between complications and the timing of surgical intervention. This study was conducted based on data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service between January 2008 and December 2019. A 2-year washout period was applied, and a follow-up period of at least 2 years was also included. During the observation period, the age at diagnosis of supernumerary teeth and odontomas was analyzed using major diagnostic codes, and the treatment codes were used to determine the interval between diagnosis and surgical intervention. The incidence rates of supernumerary teeth (1.21%) and odontomas (0.36%) were comparable to that reported in previous studies. The frequency of supernumerary teeth was the highest in the anterior region, followed by the premolar and molar regions. The average ages at diagnosis according to the location of the supernumerary teeth were 7.25, 13.98, and 16.11 years in the anterior, premolar, and molar regions, respectively. The age at diagnosis correlated with the maturity period of the teeth at the corresponding location. For the supernumerary tooth group, surgical intervention was more likely to occur when malocclusion (p < 0.0001) or tooth eruption disturbances (p < 0.0001) were present or dentigerous cysts were absent (p = 0.006). For the odontoma group, malocclusion (p = 0.251) was not correlated with surgical intervention. When tooth eruption disturbances (p = 0.002) and dentigerous cysts (p < 0.0001) were present, surgical intervention was more likely to occur. Pediatric dentists should conduct timely clinical checks and periodic follow-ups to prevent complications and unnecessary orthodontic treatments in patients with supernumerary teeth or odontomas.

Computer-Assisted Preoperative Simulation and Augmented Reality for Extraction of Impacted Supernumerary Teeth: A Clinical Case Report of Two Cases.

Delayed eruption, malocclusion, poor oral hygiene, and formation of follicular cysts are some complications associated with an impacted supernumerary tooth (ST). Although surgical extraction is one of the methods to prevent these complications, it can also lead to fractured roots or has a risk of permanent injury to young teeth and gingiva. Recently, computer-assisted preoperative simulation has been helpful in planning the surgery for precise extraction of impacted ST guided with 3-dimensional images. Herein, we present 2 cases of extraction of severely impacted ST guided by preoperative computer-assisted simulation and intraoperative augmented reality. While being minimally invasive, the augmented reality-guided system can precisely highlight the tooth position. The therapeutic aspects of these procedures have also been discussed.

Conservative orthodontic and multidisciplinary approaches for patients with cleidocranial dysplasia in late adolescence or young adulthood.

This case series describes conservative orthodontic and multidisciplinary approaches for treating two patients diagnosed with cleidocranial dysplasia in late adolescence and young adulthood. Most of the impacted permanent teeth erupted spontaneously within 3 to 4 years after surgical extraction of the deciduous and supernumerary teeth. The remaining unerupted permanent teeth were facilitated with traction or extracted followed by implantation or restoration. Repositioning of the maxilla and mandible via orthognathic surgery was also applied to correct skeletal and occlusal discrepancies and lead to satisfying results.

Technical Skills to Split Teeth During Extraction of Mesiodentes in High Site.

PURPOSE: Extraction of mesiodens in high site is complicated. Here we introduce some technical skills to simply the process and achieve high success rate meanwhile. METHODS: All patients should accept radiographic examination before surgery. According to the position of mesiodens based on cone-beam computed tomography, we choose the appropriate method and tool. RESULTS: A series of cases have proved that these skills are applicable and convenient. CONCLUSIONS: Dentists should analyze the inspection results seriously and select the optimal strategy to extract mesiodens in high site.

Supernumerary tooth autotransplantation to replace missing maxillary central incisor using three-dimensional replica: A 6-year follow-up.

INTRODUCTION: Tooth autotransplantation is a viable surgical treatment option for patients with missing permanent teeth. Premolars are generally used for autotransplantation but often require extensive modifications. This case report evaluates the use of supernumerary tooth as an alternative option for premolar autotransplantation. This report shows successful supernumerary tooth autotransplantation with 6-year follow-up. METHODS: A 13-year-old male with non-contributory medical history was referred for a missing maxillary left central incisor (#9) and presence of a supernumerary tooth. The clinical and radiographic examination revealed presence of supernumerary tooth with similar dimensions to a central incisor. The treatment plan included autotransplantation of the supernumerary tooth to replace the missing central incisor (short-term) and future implant replacement of the autotransplanted tooth when jaw growth ceases (long-term). The patient and parents consented to treatment. A 3-D tooth replica was constructed based on CBCT analyses. Site #9 was prepared using split ridge technique to create a socket to house the 3-D replica. Upon achieving proper socket form, the supernumerary tooth was extracted and autotransplanted in the prepared socket. The supernumerary tooth was splinted, and the bite opened posteriorly using composite to eliminate any occlusal interferences. RESULTS: The patient was followed up clinically and radiographically. The autotransplanted supernumerary tooth integrated well within the newly created socket and remained functional at the 6-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The current case presents successful management of supernumerary tooth autotransplantation with 6-year follow-up. The results show stable periodontium with satisfactory functional and aesthetic results.

Precise extraction of impacted supernumerary tooth in the maxillary anterior region with a digital guide plate: A case report.

RATIONALE: Removal of impacted supernumerary teeth requires precision and accuracy to prevent iatrogenic injury to important anatomical structures during dental surgery and to improve postoperative healing. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 12-year-old girl visited our department for the assessment and management of her deviated front teeth. DIAGNOSIS: Impacted supernumerary tooth extraction in the maxillary anterior region. INTERVENTIONS: The digital guide plate was fabricated after the integration of cone beam computed tomography data with that obtained from scanning the patient's dental model. Impacted supernumerary tooth extraction was performed. OUTCOMES: The use of the digital guide plate and planting instruments made the removal of the impacted supernumerary tooth less invasive, faster, and more accurate, whereas the wound was smaller, and the patient experience more comfortable. LESSONS: Combining the digital guide plate with planting instruments offers a useful aid for the removal of impacted supernumerary teeth among the maxillary anterior region and is, thus, worth promoting.

[Clinical characteristics and comprehensive treatment of patients with cleidocranial dysplasia].

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) and analyze their treatment methods. Methods: From January 2000 to December 2020, patients with CCD who completed comprehensive treatment in the Department of Orthodontics and the First Dental Clinic, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 14 CCD patients [7 males and 7 females, aged (16.1±4.5) years] were collected. There were 153 impacted permanent teeth in this study. In addition to the teeth that needed to be extracted due to special conditions, 147 impacted teeth were pulled into the dentition using closed traction. Patients were divided into adolescent group (≥12 years and<18 years, 10 patients) and adult group (≥18 years, 4 patients). Failure rate of traction was compared between the two groups. Factors affecting the success rate of closed traction such as vertical position of teeth (high, middle and low) and horizontal position of the teeth (palatal, median and buccal) were analyzed. Results: The incidence of maxillary impacted teeth [69.3% (97/140)] was higher than that of mandibular impacted teeth [40% (56/140)]. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=24.22, P<0.001). The supernumerary teeth were mainly located in the premolar area 61.4% (21/44), and most of them were in the palatal region of the permanent teeth 95.5% (42/44). They were generally located at the same height or the occlusal side of the corresponding permanent teeth. The success rate of closed traction was 93.9% (138/147). The success rate in the adolescent group [98.2% (108/110)] was higher than that in the adult group [81.1% (30/37)], and the difference was significant (χ2=14.09, P<0.05). Failure after closed traction of 9 teeth was found totally, including 7 second premolars. The success rate of traction in impacted second premolars at different vertical (χ2=11.44, P<0.05) and horizontal (χ2=9.71, P<0.05) positions in alveolar bone was different significantlly. The success rates of the second premolars were high (15/16), middle (12/13), low (2/7), and lingual palatine (10/17), median (19/19), lip-buccal (0/0), respectively. Conclusions: The closed traction of impacted teeth in patients with CCD was effective, and the age was the main variable affecting the outcome. The success rate of traction in impacted second premolars located in low position vertically or in palatal position was low, which required close observation during treatment.

Technical Strategies for Custom-Made Surgical Guide in Removal of Impacted Supernumerary Mandibular Premolars.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to evaluate the technique of surgical guide in the extraction of impacted supernumerary mandibular premolars. This case series included 5 patients. Impacted supernumerary mandibular premolars were removed through a lateral window approach using the surgical guides. The mental nerve and adjacent teeth were properly protected by our custom made surgical guides. All cases successfully underwent the operation. An average of 5.01 ± 1.10 min was required to locate the supernumerary mandibular premolar. There were no complications involving injury to the mental nerve injury or adjacent teeth in any case. The application of custom-made surgical guides in the extraction of impacted supernumerary mandibular premolars showed an acceptable clinical outcome in this case series.