RESUMEN
In 2016, Venezuela faced a large diphtheria outbreak that extended until 2019. Nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal samples were prospectively collected from 51 suspected cases and retrospective data from 348 clinical records was retrieved from 14 hospitals between November 2017 and November 2018. Confirmed pathogenic Corynebactrium isolates were biotyped. Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed followed by next-generation-based core genome-MLST and minimum spanning trees were generated. Subjects between 10 and 19 years of age were mostly affected (n = 95; 27.3%). Case fatality rates (CFR) were higher in males (19.4%), as compared to females (15.8%). The highest CFR (31.1%) was observed among those under 5, followed by the 40 to 49 age-group (25.0%). Nine samples corresponded to C. diphtheriae and 1 to C. ulcerans. Two Sequencing Types (ST), ST174 and ST697 (the latter not previously described) were identified among the eight C. diphtheriae isolates from Carabobo state. Cg-MLST revealed only one cluster also from Carabobo. The Whole Genome Sequencing analysis revealed that the outbreak seemed to be caused by different strains with C. diphtheriae and C. ulcerans coexisting. The reemergence and length of this outbreak suggest vaccination coverage problems and an inadequate control strategy.
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/genética , Difteria/epidemiología , Filogenia , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/aislamiento & purificación , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/patogenicidad , Difteria/genética , Difteria/microbiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Estudios Retrospectivos , Venezuela/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
We report the complete genome sequence and analysis of an invasive Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain that caused endocarditis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was selected for sequencing on the basis of the current relevance of nontoxigenic strains for public health. The genomic information was explored in the context of diversity, plasticity and genetic relatedness with other contemporary strains.
Asunto(s)
Corynebacterium diphtheriae/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Brasil , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/clasificación , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/patogenicidad , Difteria/genética , Filogenia , VirulenciaRESUMEN
We report the complete genome sequence and analysis of an invasive Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain that caused endocarditis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was selected for sequencing on the basis of the current relevance of nontoxigenic strains for public health. The genomic information was explored in the context of diversity, plasticity and genetic relatedness with other contemporary strains.