Study of the factors causing medical disputes in a Third-Level Grade A Hospital in Shanghai.

OBJECTIVE: By analyzing cases of medical disputes occurred in one of top hospitals in Shanghai from 2012 to 2014, the paper tries to determine the causes and cures of the disputes based on relevant national and international experience. METHODS: A cluster sample of medical disputes occurred in the hospital from 2012 to 2014 was selected, to which logistic regression analysis was applied in order to determine the factors causing medical disputes. RESULTS: Inadequate experience in dealing with unexpected incidents (P = 0.002), violation of routine procedures for diagnosis and treatment (P = 0.004), and therapeutic effects (P = 0.007) were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Medical disputes in the hospital would be substantially reduced by taking such measures as strengthening trainings on how to deal with unexpected incidents for medical staff, standardizing procedures for clinical practices, and improving the therapeutic effects of various diseases.

Of patents and patent disputes - The TNFα patent files. Part 2: Enbrel, Remicade, Cimzia and Simponi.

This article is the second part of a trilogy that discusses IP issues related to anti-Tumor Necrosis factor α (TNFα) biologics. TNFα is the world's most valuable target, with accumulated sales of TNFα biologics of 34 bn USD in 2014. While in the first part of this trilogy, Humira was discussed, this second parts discusses the patent strategies of Enbrel, Remicade, Cimzia and Simponi.

Lessons from the MOHW compensation pilot program on birth incidents: First step and looking forward.

OBJECTIVE: In Taiwan, the number of medical disputes and litigation has increased dramatically over the past 20 years. The seriousness of medical disputes continuing grows in clinical practice, especially in obstetricians. This study provided a possible solution to the medical dispute litigation issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) compensation program for birth incidents has been implemented since 2012 and it provided pecuniary compensation for mothers, newborns, and fetuses who got injured or died in birth-related medical incidents. We analyzed the amount and distribution of compensation, and assessed the effect of compensation on the number of medical dispute litigation. RESULTS: From 2012 to 2015, a total of 348 applications was received, 322 of which were examined by the committee. Among the examined cases, 278 were approved for compensation. The total amount of compensation had reached 266.16 million NTD (8.32 million USD). For the medical dispute litigation, a dramatic decrease in number was observed after the implementation of this compensation pilot program. CONCLUSION: Prompt compensation provided instant economic and spiritual support for patients and families. Pecuniary compensation could be an alternative choice of justice, which might encourage the injured to receive economic compensation, instead of filing a lawsuit against the physician or hospital institution. As a result, the number of dispute litigation has decreased. This indicates that the compensation program is an efficient way to improve medical dispute litigation difficulties.

Medicare and Amyloid PET Imaging: The Battle Over Evidence.

We examine a recent dispute regarding the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) refusal to unconditionally pay for amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for Medicare beneficiaries being assessed for Alzheimer's disease. CMS will only pay for amyloid PET imaging when patients are enrolled in clinical trials that meet certain criteria. The dispute reflects CMS's willingness in certain circumstances to require effectiveness evidence that differs from the Food and Drug Administration's standard for pre-market approval of a medical intervention and reveals how stakeholders with differing perspectives about evidentiary standards have played a role in attempting to shape the Medicare program's coverage policies.

[Effect of MRSA on treatment and care in Finland - applications for compensation and complaints in 1993 to 2012]. / MRSA:n vaikutus hoitoon ja hoivaan Suomessa - korvausanomukset ja kantelut 1993-2012.

Events involving applications for compensation or filing a complaint in a MRSA case in Finland by patients or family members were studied for over a twenty-year period. The number of cases found was 305. Of the applications, only 7% resulted in compensation, and none of the complaints led to a change in decision. The discontentment was more commonly associated with the possible MRSA-induced impairment of the given treatment or limitations in freedom than with the fear of the direct health effects of the infection. In order to avoid problems, essential aspects include an intimate knowledge of guidelines among those working in the treatment and care sector, and proper informing of the patients about the effects of MRA on life.

Pensamiento y construcción de conocimiento histórico una exigencia para el hacer futuro / Thought and construction of historical knowledge, a requirement to construct the future

Una marcada tendencia en América Latina ha sido la de construir conocimiento sobre la premisa del desarrollo histórico con una dirección más o menos precisa, emancipatoriay valórica. Pero el siglo XX nos legó una historia caprichosa, incierta, fuertemente indeterminada, sin garantía. En este sentido, más que una comprensión pesimista, lahistoria del siglo XX exige encarnar desafíos sustantivos. Enfrentamos enormes exigencias en lo que se refiere a desarrollar nuestra capacidad de pensar como latinoamericanos; yesto, atañe a la formación de sujetos capaces de ver y pensar realidades inéditas y viables, para lo cual es imprescindible replantear las formas de construir conocimiento; entendiendoque éste debería ser de naturaleza histórica más que teórica de cara a ampliar los límites de lo posible, en perspectiva de futuro.

A marked trend in Latin America has been the one of constructing knowledge on the premise of the historical development with a more or less precise, emancipatory, and valueddirection. But the twentieth century gave us a capricious, uncertain, highly indeterminate, and unsecured history. In this sense, rather than a pessimistic understanding, the historyof the twentieth century requires embodying substantive challenges. We face enormous demands in regards to developing our ability to think as Latin Americans; and this relatesto the formation of subjects able to see and to think new and viable realities, which is essential to rethink the ways to construct knowledge; understanding that this should be historical in nature rather than theoretical in the face to expand limits as possible, in perspective for the future.

Historia y memoria: Una exigencia a la política pública para la educación intercultural en las escuelas de Chile / history and memory: a requirement to the public policy for the intercultural education in the schools of chile

El tema que aborda este trabajo es la construcción de subjetividades a través de una razón dialógica en la elaboración de políticas públicas por parte del Estado de Chile, en el ámbito de la interculturalidad y la expresión que ello tiene en la enseñanza de la historia,específicamente en la educación básica en las zonas de alta concentración de estudiantes de origen étnico aymara. Metodológicamente se aplica un análisis estructural con la finalidadde dar cuenta de las percepciones de los actores principales de una escuela, con el fin de indagar en la inconsistencia que se pueden estar generando con el Convenio 169 de la OIT.

The topic which deals with this paper is the construction of subjectivities through a dialogic reason in the elaboration of public policies by Chile, in the field of interculturality and theexpression that it has in the teaching of history, specifically on basic education in the areas of high concentration of students from Aymará ethnic groups. Methodologically a structuralanalysis is applied in order to give an account of the perceptions of the main actors in a school, and thus investigate the inconsistency that can be generated with the InternationalLabor Organization (ILO) Convention N°169.

Noblesse oblige? Social status and economic inequality maintenance among politicians.

Economic inequality is at historically high levels in the United States and is among the most pressing issues facing society. And yet, predicting the behavior of politicians with respect to their support of economic inequality remains a significant challenge. Given that high status individuals tend to conceive of the current structure of society as fair and just, we expected that high status members of the U.S. House of Representatives would be more likely to support economic inequality in their legislative behavior than would their low status counterparts. Results supported this prediction particularly among Democratic members of Congress: Whereas Republicans tended to support legislation increasing economic inequality regardless of their social status, the social status of Democrats - measured in terms of average wealth, race, or gender - was a significant predictor of support for economic inequality. Policy implications of the observed relationship between social status and support for economic inequality are considered.

Reap what you sow. Group reaps millions in unpaid claims with claima dispute process.

Read the story of one group's efforts to recoup money owed from unpaid claims with a systematic approach. The partnership of emergency physicians, urgent care physicians and hospitalists recoups about $4 million annually from these efforts.