Correlation of acoustic voice analysis and Voice Handicap Index in patients with postoperative unilateral vocal cord paralysis after thyroid surgery.

Unilateral vocal cord paralysis is frequently observed in patients who undergo thyroid surgery. This study explored the correlation between acoustic voice analysis (objective measure) and Voice Handicap Index (VHI, a self-assessment tool). One hundred and forty patients who had thyroid surgery with or without postoperative unilateral vocal cord paralysis (PVCP and NPVCP) were included. The patients were evaluated by the VHI and Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI) tools. VHI scores were significantly higher in PVCP patients than in NPVCP patients. Jitter (%) and shimmer (%) were significantly increased, whereas DSI was significantly decreased in PVCP patients. Receiver operating characteristics curve revealed that VHI scores were associated with the diagnosis of PVCP, of which VHI total score yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.81. Among acoustic parameters, DSI was highly associated to PVCP (AUC=0.82, 95%CI=0.75 to 0.89). Moreover, we found a correlation between VHI scores and voice acoustic parameters. Among them, DSI had a moderate correlation with functional and VHI scores, as suggested by an R value of 0.41 and 0.49, respectively. VHI scores and acoustic parameters were associated with the diagnosis of PVCP.

Risk of dysphonia and voice quality in performing arts students. / Risco de disfonia e qualidade vocal em estudantes de artes cênicas.

PURPOSE: To analyse the relationship between the risk of dysphonia and vocal quality in undergraduate performing arts students. METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study with 38 undergraduate students in Performing Arts. We applied screening protocols for general and specific risk of dysphonia for actors and made recordings of sustained emission of the vowel /a/, spontaneous speech and reading a text, used for perceptual analysis performed by three evaluators using the GRBASI scale. After intra and inter-rater reliability tests it was obtained final classification of the general degree of vocal deviation parameter for each participant. Comparisons were made considering groups that had or did not have other profession/activity with the use of voice, and the groups were formed from the general grade. RESULTS: Most students were at high risk for dysphonia. All had vocal alteration, with a predominance of mild degree. Students who had another profession/activity with voice use scored higher in the specific protocol for actors, and in the sum of this protocol with the general screening protocol. There was no relationship between the degree of vocal alteration and the risk of dysphonia. Students who did not yet work professionally had more moderate or severe vocal alterations, and those who did work professionally had a higher frequency of mild vocal alterations. CONCLUSION: Most students were at high risk for dysphonia. All had vocal alteration, with a predominance of mild alteration. There was no relationship between the risk of dysphonia and the degree of vocal alteration.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a relação entre o risco de disfonia e a qualidade vocal em estudantes de graduação em Artes Cênicas. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal observacional com 38 estudantes de graduação em Artes Cênicas. Foram aplicados protocolos de rastreio de risco de disfonia geral e específico para atores, e realizadas gravações da emissão sustentada da vogal /a/, fala espontânea e leitura de texto, usadas para análise perceptivo-auditiva, efetuada por três avaliadores, com o uso da escala GRBASI. Após testes de confiabilidade intra e interavaliadores chegou-se à classificação final do grau geral do desvio vocal para cada participante. Foram feitas comparações entre grupos que tinham ou não outra profissão/atividade com o uso da voz e os grupos formados a partir do grau geral. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos estudantes apresentou alto risco para disfonia. Todos apresentaram alteração vocal, com predominância de grau leve. Os estudantes que tinham outra profissão/atividade com uso da voz obtiveram maior pontuação no protocolo específico para atores, bem como na soma desse protocolo com o de rastreio geral. Não houve relação entre o grau de alteração vocal e o risco de disfonia. Os estudantes que ainda não atuavam profissionalmente apresentaram mais alterações vocais de grau moderado ou severo, e os que atuavam profissionalmente apresentaram com maior frequência alteração vocal de grau leve. CONCLUSÃO: A maior parte dos estudantes apresentou alto risco para disfonia. Todos apresentaram alteração vocal, com predomínio de grau leve. Não houve relação entre o risco de disfonia e o grau de alteração vocal.

Evolução e desfecho de casos de violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes: enfoque fonoaudiológico / Evolution and outcome of cases of intrafamily violence against children and adolescents: Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology approach / Evolución y desenlace de los casos de violencia intrafamiliar contra niños y adolescentes: enfoque de logopedia

Objetivo: investigar as alterações fonoaudiológicas encontradas em casos de violência intrafamiliar contra crianças e adolescentes, bem como analisar a evolução e o desfecho dos casos atendidos por fonoaudiólogos. Método: Estudo transversal, produzido por meio da aplicação de questionários com fonoaudiólogos clínicos que atendiam a crianças e adolescentes nos estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina. A exploração dos dados foi pautada na metodologia de Análise do Conteúdo (AC). Resultados: Dos 75 fonoaudiólogos pesquisados, 52% atenderam a crianças e/ou adolescentes suspeitos ou confirmados de sofrerem violência. Deste número, 59,5% dos profissionais continuaram acompanhado os casos e 40,5% descontinuaram o acompanhamento. Conclusão: As alterações na linguagem foi a queixa fonoaudiológica mais encontrada nas vítimas. Em muitos casos não foi possível obter informações sobre o desfecho da situação de violência, devido ao abandono do trabalho fonoaudiológico. Nas situações com desfechos favoráveis, este acontecimento ocorreu devido à remoção do agressor do contexto familiar, o acompanhamento de todos os envolvidos ou o encaminhamento da vítima para tratamentos interdisciplinares. Com relação ao desenrolar da queixa fonoaudiológica, os casos que tiveram evolução, foram os acompanhados de maneira interdisciplinar, principalmente com tratamento psicólogo dos envolvidos. Pode-se notar, também, que os profissionais que relacionaram a queixa fonoaudiológica com a situação de violência atuaram de forma mais humanizada, olhando o sujeito como um todo, permitindo o seu progresso terapêutico. (AU)

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the speech-language disorders found in cases of domestic violence against children and adolescents and to analyze the evolution and outcome of cases assisted by Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology professionals. Methods: Cross-sectional study, produced through the application of questionnaires to clinical Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology professionals who assisted children and adolescents in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina. Data exploration was based on the Content Analysis methodology. Results: Of the 75 Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology professionals surveyed, 52% assisted children and/or adolescents suspected or confirmed to be victims of violence. Regarding this number, 59.5% of the professionals continued to monitor the cases, and 40.5% discontinued the follow-up. Conclusion: Language changes comprised the speech-language pathology complaint most found in the victims. In many cases, it was not possible to obtain information about the outcome of the situation of violence due to the abandonment of Speech, Language Pathology and Audiology work. In situations with favorable outcomes, this event occurred due to the removal of the aggressor from the family context, the monitoring of all those involved, or the referral of the victim to interdisciplinary treatments. Regarding the development of the speech-language pathology complaint, the cases that evolved were followed up in an interdisciplinary manner, mainly with psychological treatment for those involved. Professionals who related the speech-language pathology complaint to the situation of violence acted more humanely, looking at the subjects as a whole and allowing their therapeutic progress. (AU)

Propósito: investigar los trastornos del habla y el lenguaje encontrados en casos de violencia doméstica contra niños y adolescentes, así como analizar la evolución y el rechazo de dos casos tratados por logopedas. Método: Estudio transversal, producido a través de la aplicación de cuestionarios con logopedas clínicos que atendían a niños y adolescentes en los estados de Paraná y Santa Catarina. La exploración de datos se basó en la metodología de Análisis de Contenido (CA). Resultados: De los 75 fonoaudiólogos encuestados, el 52% asiste a niños y/o adolescentes sospechosos o confirmados de ser víctimas de violencia. De ese número, 59,5% de los profesionales continuaron con el acompañamiento de los casos y 40,5% interrumpieron el seguimiento. Conclusión: Los cambios en el lenguaje fueron la queja de patología del habla y lenguaje más frecuente en las víctimas. En muchos casos no fue posible obtener información sobre el desenlace de la situación de violencia, debido al abandono del trabajo logopédico. En situaciones con resultados favorables, este evento se produjo por la separación del agresor del contexto familiar, el seguimiento de todos los implicados o la derivación de la víctima a tratamientos interdisciplinarios. En cuanto a la evolución del cuadro patológico del habla-lenguaje, los casos que evolucionaron fueron seguidos de manera interdisciplinaria, principalmente con tratamiento psicológico para los involucrados. También se puede notar que los profesionales que relacionaron la denuncia de fonoaudiología con la situación de violencia actuaron de forma más humana, mirando al sujeto como un todo, permitiendo su progreso terapéutico.(AU)

Performance of the phonatory deviation diagram in monitoring voice quality before and after voice exercise in individuals with Parkinson's Disease. / Desempenho do diagrama de desvio fonatório no monitoramento da qualidade vocal pré e pós exercício vocal em indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson.

PURPOSE: To assess the performance of the phonatory deviation diagram and its measurements in monitoring voice quality before and after voice exercise in individuals with Parkinson's Disease. METHODS: Retrospective and documentary study. A sample of 30 subjects was used, 50% male, with a mean age of 62.13 ± 9.05 years. The results of the phonatory deviation diagram were analyzed, in the moments before and after vocal exercise with the pushing technique associated with plosive sounds, considering the area, density, shape and location of the diagram in the quadrants. For comparison purposes, the acoustic parameters of jitter, shimmer, glottal to noise excitation ratio and results of the auditory-perceptual analysis, carried out in previous research, were also considered, in the pre- and post-technical moments. RESULTS: Despite the fact that there was no difference in the distribution of samples in the diagram, after performing the vocal technique, a change in the displacement of the diagram towards the area of normality was identified in the visual qualitative analysis, and there was an association between the general degree of vocal deviation in the analysis auditory perception and the area of the diagram. There was an improvement in the shimmer values after the vocal technique. CONCLUSION: The displacement of the phonatory deviation diagram towards the area of normality corroborated the results in relation to the general degree of dysphonia, evaluated by the auditory-perceptual analysis and the shimmer results, after the vocal technique. Thus, the diagram shows good performance in monitoring voice quality of individuals with Parkinson's.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o desempenho do diagrama de desvio fonatório e de suas medidas no monitoramento da qualidade da voz, pré e pós exercício vocal, em indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo e documental. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 30 sujeitos, sendo 50% do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 62,13 ± 9,05 anos. Foram analisados os resultados do diagrama de desvio fonatório, nos momentos pré e pós exercício vocal com a técnica de empuxo associada aos sons plosivos, considerando-se a área, densidade, forma e localização do diagrama nos quadrantes. Para fins de comparação, os parâmetros acústicos de jitter, shimmer, glottal to noise excitation ratio e resultados da análise perceptivo-auditiva, realizada em pesquisa anterior, também foram considerados, nos momentos pré e pós-técnica. RESULTADOS: A despeito de não ocorrer diferença na distribuição das amostras no diagrama, após realização da técnica vocal, foi identificada, na análise qualitativa visual, mudança no deslocamento do diagrama em direção à área de normalidade e houve associação entre o grau geral do desvio vocal da análise perceptivoauditiva e a área do diagrama. Houve melhora nos valores de shimmer, após a técnica vocal. CONCLUSÃO: O deslocamento do diagrama de desvio fonatório em direção à área de normalidade corroborou os resultados em relação ao grau geral de disfonia avaliado pela análise perceptivoauditiva e os resultados de shimmer, após a técnica vocal empregada. Desse modo, o diagrama de desvio fonatório apresentou bom desempenho no monitoramento da qualidade vocal de indivíduos com Parkinson.

Bamboo Nodes as an Autoimmune Disease Laryngeal Manifestation. Case Series.

INTRODUCTION: Bamboo nodes are transverse creamy-yellow subepithelial nodes in the vocal folds (VF) midpoint, usually bilateral, resembling a bamboo stem. They appear almost exclusively in females, and are associated with underlying autoimmune diseases. CASE SUMMARY: Six female patients, 45.5 years median age, with underlying autoimmune diseases, consulted due to dysphonia. The laryngeal stroboscopy showed bilateral VF bamboo nodes in four patients, and unilateral in the remaining two. VF mobility was normal in all patients, while the mucosal wave was impaired in four of them. Treatment with speech therapy and proton pump inhibitors was indicated. All the patients were referred for rheumatologic evaluation and immunosuppressive treatment optimization. Follow-up in five patients showed vocal function self-perception and GRBAS scores improvement. DISCUSSION: VF bamboo nodes are an infrequent cause for dysphonia, associated with phonotrauma and autoimmune diseases. Speech therapy and a rheumatologic workup must be indicated, for immunosuppressive treatment enhancement.

Cenário da publicação fonoaudiológica brasileira na área voz do professor: uma revisão de escopo / The Brazilian speech-language pathology publication's scenario in teacher's voice area: a scoping review / Escenario de la publicación brasileña de terapia del habla y el lenguaje en el área de la voz del docente: una revisión de alcance

Introdução: Os professores são a categoria profissional com maior risco para a disfonia, sendo a mais estudada na literatura fonoaudiológica na área da voz, o que mostra a importância de conhecer mais sobre os seus aspectos vocais e levantar as lacunas existentes para que pesquisas futuras possam preenchê-las satisfatoriamente. Objetivo: Mapear e caracterizar as pesquisas primárias na área da voz do professor, publicadas em periódicos nacionais de Fonoaudiologia, no período de 2011 a março de 2021. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, SciELO, além de uma busca complementar nas referências dos artigos incluídos e sites dos periódicos, foram levantados artigos de estudos primários publicados entre janeiro de 2011 e março de 2021. A busca eletrônica resultou em 247 artigos, dos quais apenas 78 foram incluídos na presente revisão. Resultados: Os estudos foram, em sua maioria, do tipo observacional (65,4%), com maior pico de publicação (20,5%) no ano de 2016; sendo 53,8% dos estudos conduzidos na região Sudeste, com maior publicação no estado de São Paulo, 34,6%. No que se refere às categorias temáticas, os estudos de correlação/associação foram mais prevalentes (24,4%), seguidos dos estudos que versam sobre autopercepção (12,8%) e sintomatologia (11,5%). Conclusão: No período da busca foram encontrados 78 estudos na área da voz do professor, publicados em periódicos nacionais de Fonoaudiologia. Há uma prevalência de estudos quantitativos, principalmente, aqueles com desenho observacional, o maior pico de publicações foi em 2016 e a região sudeste lidera o número de publicações.

Introduction: Teachers are the professional category at greatest risk for dysphonia, being the most studied in speech therapy literature, in the area of voice, which shows the importance of knowing more about their vocal aspects and raising existing gaps so that future researches can fill. Objective: To map and characterize primary research in the area of teacher voice, published in national journals of speech-language pathology and audiology, from 2011 to March 2021. Methods: a scoping review, carried out in LILACS, SciELO databases, and a complementary search in the references of the included articles and journal websites. Articles from primary studies published between January 2011 and March 2021 were collected. The electronic search resulted in 247 articles, of which only 78 were included in this review. Results: the studies were mostly observational (65.4%), with the highest publication peak (20.5%) in 2016; with 53.8% of the studies conducted in the Southeast region, with the largest publication in the state of São Paulo (34.6%). With regard to thematic categories, correlation/association studies were more prevalent (24.4%), followed by self-perception (12.8%) and symptomatology (11.5%). Conclusion: During the search period, 78 studies were found in the area of the teacher's voice, published in national journals of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology. There is a prevalence of quantitative studies, especially those with observational design, the highest peak of publications was in 2016 and the Southeast region leads the number of publications.

Introducción: Los docentes son la categoría profesional con mayor riesgo de disfonía, siendo los más estudiados en la literatura logopédica, en el área de la voz, lo que demuestra la importancia de conocer más sobre sus aspectos vocales y plantear los vacíos existentes para que las investigaciones futuras puedan llenar. Objetivo: Mapear y caracterizar la investigación primaria en el área de la voz docente, publicada en revistas nacionales de Terapia del lenguaje, desde 2011 a marzo de 2021. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión de alcance, realizada en LILACS, bases de datos SciELO, además de una búsqueda complementaria en las referencias de los artículos incluidos y sitios web de revistas. Se recopilaron artículos de estudios primarios publicados entre enero de 2011 y marzo de 2021. La búsqueda electrónica dio como resultado 247 artículos, de los cuales solo 78 se incluyeron en esta revisión. Resultados: Los estudios fueron en su mayoría observacionales (65,4%), con el pico de publicación más alto (20,5%) en 2016; siendo el 53,8% de los estudios realizados en la región Sudeste, con la mayor publicación en el estado de São Paulo, el 34,6%. En cuanto a las categorías temáticas, los estudios de correlación / asociación fueron más prevalentes (24,4%), seguidos de la autopercepción (12,8%) y la sintomatología (11,5%). Conclusión: Durante el período de búsqueda, se encontraron 78 estudios en el área de la voz del docente, publicados en revistas nacionales de Patología del Habla y el Lenguaje. Existe una prevalencia de estudios cuantitativos, especialmente aquellos con diseño observacional, el pico más alto de publicaciones fue en 2016 y la región Sudeste lidera el número de publicaciones.

Postintubation Phonatory Insufficiency: A Challenging Diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: Glottic insufficiency is an important cause of dysphonia and can be frequently overlooked in the clinical evaluation. The differential diagnoses of this entity are diverse and include postintubation phonatory insufficiency (PIPI). These patients present with glottic insufficiency symptoms, associated with normal laryngeal imaging evaluation with no evident lesions. There is scarce literature describing this entity, since it is usually underdiagnosed. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to describe two clinical cases diagnosed with PIPI at our center's Voice Unit, discuss their clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment alternatives. CASE SUMMARY: We report two clinical cases of prolonged orotracheal intubation (OTI) that developed dysphonia, vocal fatigue, a breathy voice, and poor vocal projection after being discharged from the hospital. Laryngoscopic evaluation showed no lesions in the membranous glottis and normal vocal fold mobility. Respiratory glottis was difficult to evaluate because of redundant arytenoids. To improve visualization, a laryngotracheoscopy with transtracheal anesthesia was performed in-office, exposing scar tissue medial to the vocal processes and respiratory vocal fold, confirming PIPI. DISCUSSION: Prolonged OTI can damage the medial arytenoid mucosa producing a posterior glottic gap that determines symptoms of glottic insufficiency. Multiple treatment options have been described yet few achieve a sufficient closure of the defect, so management is initially based on counseling and speech therapy. CONCLUSIONS: PIPI is usually difficult to diagnose and should be sought directly in the clinical evaluation, especially if there are no obvious lesions in the membranous glottis.

Congenital laryngeal webs: from diagnosis to surgical outcomes.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital laryngeal webs are rare, may be associated with other airway abnormalities and be one of many features of microdeletion 22q11. Meticulous evaluation is imperative when deciding which surgical technique to use. The choice of appropriate stenting may be decisive to avoid persistent anterior commissure synechia and poor voice results. OBJECTIVE: To report outcomes for endoscopic and open surgical approaches in the treatment of congenital laryngeal webs and the challenges one may encounter while applying the current classification and deciding for the best treatment option. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical and surgical charts for congenital laryngeal webs treated in two tertiary university centers. RESULTS: Seven patients were included; following Cohen's classification there were: three type II webs, one of them with an atypical posterior synechia, two type III webs and two type IV webs. Six patients were submitted to laryngotracheal reconstruction and one was treated with an endoscopic approach. Description of precise glottic and subglottic involvement and tailored surgical options are presented. The LT mold® stent was used for long-term stenting that varied between 40 to 60 days. All patients were successfully decannulated with good voice quality and after follow-up of over one year, there were no complications associated with the surgeries. CONCLUSION: Congenital laryngeal webs should be suspected and thoroughly evaluated in the presence of neonatal dysphonia and early onset of laryngitis. Otolaryngologists must be familiar with associated lesions and genetic conditions that may be associated to congenital laryngeal webs. Congenital laryngeal webs may be successfully treated at an early age. The correct choice of surgical technique after meticulous evaluation of glottic and subglottic components of the web, presence of concomitant lesions and appropriate stenting, is imperative to avoid persistent scarring and poor voice quality.

Fadiga vocal e fatores associados em professores universitários em ensino remoto / Vocal fatigue and associated factors in university teachers in remote education

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a autopercepção da fadiga vocal e fatores associados em professores universitários em ensino remoto durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo e analítico, com abordagem quantitativa com professores universitários em ensino remoto no período da pandemia de COVID-19. Os participantes, após o aceite, responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, Questionário de Sinais e Sintomas Vocais, Protocolo Índice de Fadiga Vocal (IFV) e Protocolo Índice de Desvantagem Vocal 10 (IDF-10). A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. As associações entre as variáveis qualitativas foram verificadas por meio dos testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Já as médias do IFV e IDV-10, foram comparadas com o número de sinais e sintomas por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados Amostra de 91 professores, maioria do gênero feminino (83,5%) e média de idade de 44,0 anos. Os professores apresentaram média de 3,8 sinais e sintomas e o escore total do IFV indicou a presença de risco para fadiga vocal, com valores compatíveis para indivíduos disfônicos. Não apresentaram desvantagem vocal. Conclusão Os professores universitários em ensino remoto se autoavaliaram apresentando risco para fadiga vocal. Entre os fatores associados ao IFV, os docentes que apresentaram mais de dois sinais e sintomas vocais tiveram maior sensação de fadiga vocal. Não foi observada autopercepção de desvantagem vocal, porém, aqueles que apresentaram mais de dois sinais e sintomas vocais tiveram pior autopercepção para desvantagem vocal.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the self-perception of vocal fatigue and associated factors in university professors in remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive and analytical study, with a remote approach with university professors in teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. After acceptance, the participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Vocal Signs and Symptoms Questionnaire, Vocal Fatigue Index Protocol and Vocal Handicap Index 10. The analysis of the data identified through descriptive and initial statistics, using the given Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Associations between qualitative variables were verified using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The IFV and IDV-10 means were verified with the number of signs and symptoms using the Mann-Whiney test. Results Sample of 91 teachers, mostly female (83.5%), and mean age of 44.0 years. Teachers had an average of 3.8 signs and symptoms and the total core of the IFV indicated the presence of vocal risk, with values considered for dysphonic subjects. Teachers don't want vocals. Conclusion University professors in remote teaching self-assessed being at risk for vocal fatigue. Among the factors associated with IFV, professors who presented more than two vocal signs and symptoms had a greater sensation of vocal fatigue. No self-perception of voice handicap was observed, however, those who had more than two vocal signs and symptoms had worse self-perception of voice handicap.

Investigação dos transtornos mentais na adesão à terapia de voz / Investigation of mental disorders in adherence to voice therapy / Investigación de trastornos mentales en la adhesión de la terapia de voz

Introdução: A falta de adesão à fonoterapia é comum na área de voz. Diversos fatores podem estar associados, porém poucos estudos se propuseram a estudar características emocionais dos pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar se o traço e estado de ansiedade, transtornos mentais comuns e sintomas vocais podem diferenciar pacientes com e sem adesão à fonoterapia em voz. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de campo e quantitativo. Participaram 24 pacientes, com média das idades de 47,79 (+18.83) anos, distribuídos em: Grupo de pacientes que aderiram à fonoterapia (PAF) e pacientes que não aderiram à fonoterapia na área de voz (PNAF). Foram aplicados a Escala de Sintomas vocais (ESV), Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) e Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Resultados: Pacientes do PAF apresentaram médias de 34.20 (+10,67) e 39,53 (+11,09) para o traço e estado de ansiedade, respectivamente. Enquanto participantes do PNAF apresentaram médias de 33.89 (+10,34) e 45,22 (+9,34), respectivamente. No que se refere ao SRQ-20, pacientes do PAF obtiveram média de 5,93 (+3,99) e o PNAF de 7,33 (+3,66). Finalmente, o grupo PAF apresentou média de 56,54 (+27,51) e o PNAF de 46,38 (+15,80) para o escore total da ESV. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para o traço e estado de ansiedade, SRQ e escore total da ESV. Conclusão: Pacientes sem adesão à fonoterapia em voz apresentam menores graus de escolaridade, de sintomas vocais e escores mais elevados de transtornos mentais comuns. Entretanto não foram fatores decisivos para diferenciá-los quanto à adesão à fonoterapia vocal.

Introduction: The lack of adherence to speech therapy is common in the voice area. Several factors may be associated, but few studies have been proposed to study patients' emotional characteristics. Purpose: To verify if trait and state of anxiety, common mental disorders and vocal symptoms may differ patients with and without adherence to voice therapy. Methods: Retrospective, field and quantitative study. The participants were 24 patients, with a mean age of 47.79 (+18.83) years, distributed in: Group of patients who adhered to speech therapy (PAST) and patients who did not adhere to speech therapy in the voice area (PNAST). The Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS), Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and Trait-State Anxiety Inventory were applied. Results: PAST patients had averages of 34.20 (+10.67) and 39.53 (+11.09) for the trait and state of anxiety, respectively. While PNAST patients had averages of 33.89 (+10.34) and 45.22 (+9.34), respectively. With regard to the SRQ-20, PAST patients obtained an average of 5.93 (+3.99) and the PNAST of 7.33 (+3.66). Finally, the PAST group had an average of 56.54 (+27.51) and the PNAST, of 46.38 (+15.80) for the VoiSS total score. There were no significant differences between groups for trait and state of anxiety, SRQ and total VoiSS score. Conclusion: Patients without adherence to speech therapy have lower levels of education, vocal symptoms and higher scores for common mental disorders. However, these were not decisive factors to differentiate these patients about adherence to voice therapy.

Introducción: La falta de adherencia a la terapia del habla es común en el área de la voz. Se pueden asociar varios factores, pero pocos estudios han propuesto estudiar las características emocionales de los pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar si el rasgo y el estado de ansiedad, los trastornos mentales comunes y los síntomas vocales pueden diferenciar a los pacientes con y sin adherencia a la terapia del habla en la voz. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, de campo y cuantitativo. Participaron 24 pacientes, con una edad media de 47,79 (+18,83) años, distribuidos en: Grupo de pacientes que adhirieron a la terapia del habla (PATH) y pacientes que no se adhirieron a la terapia del habla en el área de la voz (PNATH). Se aplicaron la Escala de síntomas de voz (ESV), el Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) y el Inventario de ansiedad por rasgo- estado. Resultados: los pacientes con PATH tuvieron promedios de 34.20 (+10.67) y 39.53 (+11.09) para el rasgo y el estado de ansiedad, respectivamente. Mientras que los participantes de PNATH tuvieron promedios de 33.89 (+10.34) y 45.22 (+9.34), respectivamente. Con respecto al SRQ-20, los pacientes del PATH obtuvieron un promedio de 5.93 (+3.99) y el PNATH de 7.33 (+3.66). Finalmente, el grupo PATH tuvo un promedio de 56.54 (+27.51) y el PNATH de 46.38 (+15.80) para el puntaje total de ESV. No hubo diferencias entre los grupos para el rasgo (p = 0,98) y el estado (p = 019) de ansiedad, SRQ (p = 0,4) y la puntuación total de ESV (p = 0,18). Conclusión: Los pacientes sin adherencia a la terapia del habla tienen niveles más bajos de educación, síntomas vocales y puntuaciones más altas para los trastornos mentales comunes. Sin embargo, no fueron factores decisivos para diferenciarlos con respecto a la adherencia a la terapia del habla vocal.

[Diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal Reflux by Impedance with esophageal pHmetry in children with chronic dysphonia]. / Diagnóstico de Reflujo faringolaríngeo mediante Impedanciometría con pHmetría esofágica en niños con disfonía crónica.

INTRODUCTION: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is the retrograde flow of gastric or duodenal contents into the pharynx and larynx, causing inflammation in the upper aerodigestive tract. Traditionally, a pH monitoring study with an acid reflux index was used. The use of multichannel intraluminal impedance testing with pH monitoring (MII-pH) confirms a causal relationship between suspicious symptoms and LPR. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate LPR diagnosed by MII-pH in the pediatric population consulting due to chronic dysphonia and laryngoscopic findings suggestive of LPR, in addition, to measure the concordance between MII-pH and traditional pH monitoring. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Descriptive, prospective study of patients consulting at the Gastroenterology or Otorhinolaryngology polyclinic due to chronic dysphonia, whose nasofibrolaryngoscopy (NFL) was suggestive of LPR. The patients were hospitalized for a 24-hour MII-pH. Patients with a congenital or acquired morbid history were excluded. Pathological LPR was considered if there were 3 or more acid reflux episodes at the pro ximal level in MII-pH. The frequency of traditional pH monitoring and altered MII-pH and the concordance between both methods were evaluated. RESULTS: 12 patients were recruited, 10 men, 6 to 15 years old. On 9/12, pathological LPR was confirmed by MII-pH, of which 2/9 had traditional pH measurements in normal ranges and 7/9 altered pH measurements. In 3 patients, LPR was ruled out by normal proximal MII-pH. The concordance between MII-pH and traditional pH monitoring was acceptable (kappa 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: 75% of the patients with dysphonia and suggestive NFL showed objective evidence of pathological LPR. Since only with the clinical evaluation, NFL and conventional pH monitoring it is not possible to diagnose LPR, we recommend perform MII-pH for greater diag nostic certainty, avoiding unnecessary treatment, and with unwanted effects in 25% of cases.

Vocal Characteristics of Patients With Morbid Obesity.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity modifies vocal characteristics, causing abnormal fat deposition in the abdominal region and upper airways. For some authors the voice of the obese is not different from nonobese and the vocal symptoms are scarce; for others dysphonia in obese is reported by 70% of them and the voice becomes hoarse, breathy, and unstable. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the voice of patients with morbid obesity. METHODS: Two groups were included: Obese (n-27), aged between 26 and 59 years, selected for bariatric surgery; Control (n-27), matched in age, with ideal weight for height. PARAMETERS: Vocal self-assessment (Vocal Disadvantage Index-IDV and Quality of Life and Voice-QVV); Perceptual-auditory vocal evaluation (GRBASI scale), maximum phonation time; Acoustic vocal analysis and Videolaryngoscopic exams. RESULTS: In obese, the most frequent symptoms were gastroesophageal and hoarseness. The vocal self-evaluation did not record any relevant complaints in both groups. In obese, the perceptual-auditory voice evaluations indicated significant changes in R (roughness), B (breathiness), I (instability), and S (tension) parameters. Acoustic vocal analysis recorded changes in the noise-harmonic ratio (NHR) and soft phonation index (SPI) parameters. The videolaryngoscopy examinations showed, in control and obese groups, respectively: normal: 92.5% and 55.5%; posterior pachydermia: 11.1% and 33.3%; mid-posterior bowing: 0% and 7.4%; edema/congestion: 0% and 7.40%. CONCLUSION: The voice of the obese becomes discreetly hoarse, breathless, and unstable. The most frequent videolaryngoscopic findings in obese patients are hyperemia and edema of vocal folds and posterior pachydermia, related to acid laryngitis, secondary to gastroesophageal reflux.

Análise da dose vocal em pessoas cisgênero: resultados preliminares / Analysis of vocal dose in cisgender people: preliminary results

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a diferença das medidas de frequência fundamental, intensidade e de dose vocal entre mulheres e homens cisgêneros, em situações de mesma demanda de voz. Métodos Trata-se de uma pesquisa observacional transversal. Participaram do Grupo 1 cinco homens cisgêneros, com idade entre 21 e 24 anos, e do Grupo 2, cinco mulheres cisgêneras, com idade entre 22 e 25 anos, todos sem queixas vocais e estudantes do curso de Fonoaudiologia. Os indivíduos foram pareados por demanda vocal, sendo que todos estavam matriculados nas mesmas disciplinas do curso de graduação. Todos os participantes se autodefiniram como cisgêneros, ou seja, identificaram-se com o sexo designado ao nascer. A coleta foi realizada de forma simultânea aos pares (um participante do G1 e um do G2), por um período contínuo de dez horas. Para a coleta de dados, utilizaram-se dois dosímetros da marca VoxLogⓇ. Para comparação das medidas entre os grupos utilizou-se o teste t de Student, com nível de confiança de 95%. Resultados Observou-se que as mulheres cisgêneras apresentaram maiores valores de frequência fundamental (p=0,001), porcentagem de fonação (p=0,037), dose cíclica (p=0,002) e dose de distância (p=0,008). A intensidade da voz de ambos os grupos foi semelhante no período avaliado. Conclusão Mulheres cisgêneras apresentam maiores valores de frequência fundamental, porcentagem de fonação, dose cíclica e dose de distância, do que homens cisgêneros. Avaliar a dose vocal entre os gêneros é importante para a melhor compreensão dos fatores etiológicos das disfonias comportamentais e para definir uma reabilitação vocal mais personalizada.

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study is to verify the difference in fundamental frequency, intensity and vocal dose measurements between male and female cisgender people, in same voice demand situations. Methods This is a cross-sectional observational case study. Group 1 participated with five male people, aged between 21 and 24 years old and Group 2 with five female people, aged between 22 and 25 years old, both without vocal complaints, students of the Speech-language pathology course. The individuals were paired by vocal demand, and all were enrolled in the same activists of the undergraduate course. All participants defined themselves as cisgender, that is, they identified themselves with the gender designated at birth. The data was carried out at the same time, for a period of 10 hours, while the participants carried out their daily activities for that period. For data collection, two dosimeters of VoxLogⓇ, were used. Student's t test was used to compare measures between groups. The 95% confidence level was considered. Results It was observed that women have higher values of fundamental frequency (p=0,001), percentage of phonation (p=0,037), cyclic dose (p=0,002) and distance dose (p=0,008). The voice intensity of both groups was similar in the period evaluated. Conclusion cisgender women have higher values ​​of fundamental frequency, percentage of phonation, cyclic dose and distance dose than cisgender men. Assessing the vocal dose between genders is important for a better understanding of the etiological factors of behavioral dysphonia and to define a more personalized vocal rehabilitation.

Factores predisponentes de la disfonía por hiperfunción laríngea en pacientes adultos: Hospital Universitario Dr. Luis Gómez López / Predisposing factors of laryngeal hyperfunction dysphonia in adult patients: Dr. Luis Gómez López University Hospital

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de revisión de 95 historias clínicas con el objetivo de determinar los factores predisponentes a la disfonía por hiperfunción laríngea en pacientes adultos que asistieron a la consulta de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Universitario Dr. Luis Gómez López durante el lapso enero-diciembre 2016 a Junio 2017. Entre los resultados se encontró una predominancia del sexo masculino (82,4%) y una edad entre 37 a 44 años en 96,8% de los casos; 38% de los pacientes son profesionales expuestos a contaminación ambiental, 25% son profesionales de la voz; 79% no refiere tener hábito tabáquico; 38% refirió abusar de la voz, siendo las principales causas el hablar en exceso, cantar y gritar. El 67,4% de los pacientes están expuestos a vapores tóxicos, 86,3% al humo del tabaco y 82,1% al humo de la leña. El grado de disfonía más frecuente diagnosticado por nasofibrolaringoscopía fue grado II (60%). Es importante la detección temprana de los factores predisponentes asociados a la disfonía por hiperfunción laríngea de forma de implementar acciones que favorezcan las condiciones laborales y ambientales y mitiguen su influencia en la fisiología de la voz(AU)

A retrospective review of 95 medical charts was carried out with the objective of determining the predisposing factors for laryngeal hyperfunction dysphonia in adult patients attending the otorhinolaryngology consult of the Hospital Universitario Dr. Luis Gómez López, during the period January-December 2016 to June 2017. The results show a male predominance (82.4%) and an age between 37 to 44 years in 96.8% of cases; 38% of patients are professionals exposed to environmental pollution and 25% are voice professionals; 79% of patients don't smoke; 38% of cases abuse voice by speaking frequently, singing and shouting. 67.4% of patients have been exposed to vapors, 86.3% to tobacco smoke and 82.1% to firewood. Degree of dysphonia diagnosed by nasofibrolaryngoscopy was grade II (60%). Early detection of predisposing factors associated to laryngeal hyperfunction dysphonia is important in order to implement environmental actions to mitigate their influence in voice physiology(AU)

Aortic Aneurysm as a Cause of Dysphonia in a Patient Who Smokes.

Vocal cord paralysis secondary to a cardiovascular disease is known as Cardiovocal or Ortner's syndrome. The most common cause of Ortner's syndrome is atrial dilation due to mitral valvulopathy. Other causes include aneurysms of the thoracic aorta, patent ductus arteriosus, aneurysm of the ductus arteriosus, defects of the interatrial or interventricular septum, among others. Hoarseness might be the only symptom that leads a given individual to consult with a physician. Here we present the case of a 77-year-old male patient with history of diabetes mellitus type 1 and hypertension, whose illness started about a year ago when he presented progressive dysphonia associated with dry cough after food intake without another concomitant symptom. CT studies reported the presence of an aortic aneurism compressing the left recurrent nerve. Patient refused surgical treatment. As of this writing, he remains symptomatic.

Thyroid metastases from colorectal cancer 14 years later: A case report and literature review.

Metastases to the thyroid gland are unusual, especially from a colorectal cancer. We present the case of an 85-year-old female with a history of colon cancer in 2004 treated with surgery, who 14 years later develop dysphonia and dysphagia associated to an elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen. A pathologic thyroid mass was evidenced in a positron emission tomography-computed tomography. The colorectal origin of the mass was confirmed with a biopsy. The patient received surgical treatment doing the right hemithyroidectomy. This entity must be suspected in patients with oncological history and a new thyroid nodule. Surgery is a therapeutic option with either curative or palliative intent.

Las metástasis sobre el tiroides son inusuales y las de origen colorrectal son extremadamente infrecuentes. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 85 años con antecedente de cáncer de colon intervenido en 2004 que 14 años después presenta signos clínicos de disfonía y disfagia relacionados con elevación del CEA. Tras realizarse una PET-TC se evidencia una masa tiroidea y se confirma su origen colorrectal mediante biopsia. La paciente se sometió a una hemitiroidectomía derecha. Esta entidad debe sospecharse en pacientes con antecedentes oncológicos y un nódulo tiroideo de nueva aparición. La intervención es una opción terapéutica con intención curativa y paliativa.

Neuroanatomical basis of Wallenberg syndrome.

Wallenberg syndrome, or lateral medullar syndrome, is the clinical presentation of the infarct in the territory of posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Its signs and symptoms include vertigo, nystagmus, diplopia, ipsilateral Horner syndrome, facial ruddiness and dry skin, dysphonia, dysphagia, dysarthria, ipsilateral loss of gag reflex, ipsilateral ataxia, ipsilateral impaired taste, ipsilateral facial pain and paresthesia, decreased ipsilateral blink reflex, contralateral hypoalgesia and thermoanaesthesia in the trunk and limbs; and ipsilateral facial hypoalgesia and thermoanaesthesia. Neuroanatomical knowledge is essential to its comprehension, study and diagnosis, because the classic neurological manifestations are easy to explain and understand if function and localization of affected anatomical structures are known as if the posterior cerebral circulation is.

El síndrome de Wallenberg, o síndrome bulbar lateral, es la manifestación clínica del infarto en el territorio de irrigación de la arteria cerebelosa posteroinferior. Su presentación incluye vértigo, nistagmo, diplopía, síndrome de Horner, rubicundez y anhidrosis facial homolateral, disfonía, disfagia, disartria, pérdida homolateral del reflejo nauseoso, ataxia homolateral, disgeusia homolateral, dolor y parestesia faciales homolaterales, pérdida o disminución homolateral del reflejo corneal, hipoalgesia y termoanestesia de tronco y extremidades contralaterales, hipoalgesia y termoanestesia facial homolateral. El conocimiento neuroanatómico es imprescindible para su comprensión, estudio y diagnóstico, ya que sus manifestaciones neurológicas clásicas son fácilmente explicables y entendibles si se conocen la función y la localización de las estructuras anatómicas afectadas, así como la irrigación cerebral posterior.

Case Report: Successful Treatment with Miltefosine of Severe New World Mucosal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania guyanensis.

An 88-year-old man with mutilating mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) involving septal perforation, with granulomas in the pharynx and larynx, was treated with oral miltefosine, 50 mg three times/day for 28 days. Miltefosine, an antineoplastic agent, is considered an alternative option for the treatment of ML, showing efficacies of 75-92% in Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina. The patient denied having previous cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis, and no CL lesions were recognized by physical examination. Parasites obtained from mucosal lesions were identified by cytochrome b gene sequencing as Leishmania guyanensis. Clinical cure was observed 2 months posttreatment, and no evidence of reactivation was observed in the 3-year follow-up. Adverse effects such as nausea, loss of appetite, and epigastric pain were experienced during treatment with miltefosine. There is a need for improved access to miltefosine in leishmaniasis-endemic areas of Latin America and a greater awareness of ML and its treatment among physicians working in endemic countries.

Long term phonatory function following acoustic neuroma surgery: a cohort study.

Background: Acoustic neuroma (AN) is a well-recognized cause of neurological morbidity, peripheral facial paralysis being one of the most prevalent. Phonatory dysfunction in the late post-operative term has not been properly addressed so far.Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the outcomes of phonatory function on the long-term follow-up of AN surgery and identify its prognostic factors.Material and methods: This cohort study included patients submitted to AN surgery from 1999 to 2014, with a mean follow up of 6.4 ± 4.5 years. To evaluate the phonatory function, we performed a combination of noninvasive acoustic and aerodynamic measurements including vocal intensity and stability, maximum declination rate of the glottal airflow (MDR) and transglottal pressure scale (TP).Results: 101 patients were studied. 25 (24.7%) presented a deficit in phonatory function. Women comprised 56% and the mean age was 42.4 ± 13.8 years (range19-80). 100% presented reduced expiratory airflow capacity with excessive manifestation of the laryngeal musculature (TP > 1,23s ;MDR/z/