Aprendiendo de Thomas J. Fogarty y su catéter-balón / Learning from Thomas J. Fogarty and his catheter-balloon

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Literature and new innovations leading to the rise and fall of the Swan-Ganz catheter.

BACKGROUND: In 1970, Harold James Charles Swan and William Ganz published their work on the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC or Swan-Ganz catheter). They described the successful bedside use of a flow-directed catheter to continuously evaluate the heart, and it was used extensively in the years following to care for critically ill patients. In recent decades, clinicians have reevaluated the risks and benefits of the PAC. AIM: We acknowledge the contributions of Swan and Ganz and discuss literature, including randomized controlled trials, and new technology surrounding the rise and fall in use of the PAC. METHODS: We performed a literature search of retrospective and prospective studies, including randomized controlled trials, and editorials to understand the history and clinical outcomes of the PAC. RESULTS: In the 1980s, clinicians began to question the benefits of the PAC. In 1996 and 2003, a large observational study and randomized controlled trial, respectively, showed no clear benefits in outcome. Thereafter, use of PACs began to drop precipitously. New less and noninvasive technology can estimate cardiac output and blood pressure continuously. CONCLUSIONS: Swan and Ganz contributed to the bedside understanding of the pathophysiology of the heart. The history of the rise and fall in use of the PAC parallels the literature and invention of less-invasive technology. Although the PAC has not been shown to improve clinical outcomes in large randomized controlled trials, it may still be useful in select patients. New less-invasive and noninvasive technology may ultimately replace it if literature supports it.

Historia del acceso venoso central / Central venous access history

Introducción: Los accesos venosos han sido empleados desde hace varias décadas. La utilización de estas vías para la administración de fluidos, fármacos, nutrición parenteral o determinación de constantes fisiológicas; ha dependido tanto del conocimiento anatómico como de la disponibilidad de material adecuado. Repasaremos los hitos más importantes de la historia de la cateterización venosa que hicieron posible la base para la colocación de accesos venosos centrales en la actualidad.Metodologia: Se realizo una búsqueda bibliográfica entre Enero y Abril de 2018 utilizando escritura científica con lectura critica a base de fuentes de información como libros de texto y búsquedas avanzadas con filtros selectivos en Pubmed. Desarrollo: Antes del conocimiento y la utilización de equipos de punción percutáneo había que proceder a la exposición quirúrgica del vaso para introducir un catéter venoso. La descripción de la Técnica de Seldinger represento una importante ventaja respecto a la venodisección y el advenimiento de la ultrasonografia (US) facilito su inserción y disminuyo las complicaciones. Conclusión:El cateterismo venoso central es un procedimiento frecuente efectuado por primera vez a principios del siglo XX; convirtiéndose en un pilar de la medicina moderna.

Introduction: Venous access has been used since several decades ago. The use of these venous lines in order to dispense fluids, drugs, parenteral nutrition or monitoring physiological parameters has depended on the anatomical knowledge, as well as on the availability of the appropriate material. We will go through the most important facts along the history of the venous catheterization that created the basis of the actual procedure of central venous access.Methods: A bibliographic search has been made, taking into account the period from January to April 2018, using scientific literature and applying critical reading. The sources of information included textbooks and advanced search applying selective filtering in Pubmed.Development: Before the expertise and the use of equipment for the percutaneous puncture it was necessary to perform a surgical exposure of the vessel in order to introduce a venous catheter. The Seldinger Technique represented a major advantage over venousection, and the advent of ultrasonography improved the placement and decreased complications.Results: The central venous catheterization is a frequent procedure, introduced for the first time in the early twentieth century and it became a fundamental pillar in modern medicine.

Cateteres venosos totalmente implantáveis: histórico, técnica de implante e complicações / Totally implantable venous catheters: history, implantation technique and complications

O acesso ao sistema venoso, seja para coleta de amostras de sangue ou para infusão de soluções, é de vital importância para o diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes com as mais variadas condições clínicas. Desde que Harvey, em 1616, descreveu o sistema circulatório a partir de estudos em animais e que Sir Christopher Wren, 4 décadas depois, realizou a primeira infusão endovenosa em seres vivos, a evolução na técnica de acesso e nos dispositivos para infusão tem sido constante. Merece destaque a criação dos cateteres de longa duração na década de 1970, em especial os totalmente implantáveis, que revolucionaram o tratamento do câncer, aumentando a segurança e o conforto dos pacientes oncológicos. Este artigo tem como objetivo a revisão de dados históricos relativos ao acesso vascular e a discussão da técnica de implante e das principais complicações associadas ao procedimento de colocação e ao uso dos cateteres totalmente implantáveis

Access to the venous system is of vital importance for diagnosis and treatment of patients with the most varied range of clinical conditions, whether for taking blood samples or for infusion of solutions. In 1616, Harvey described the circulatory system on the basis of studies in animals and 4 decades later Sir Christopher Wren conducted the first intravenous infusions in living beings. Since then there has been constant evolution in access technique and infusion devices. Of particular note is the creation of long-term catheters in the 1970s, particularly totally implantable devices, which revolutionized cancer treatment, increasing both safety and comfort for oncology patients. The objectives of this article are to review historical data on vascular access and discuss the implantation technique and the main complications associated with procedures for placement and use of totally implantable venous access devices

A primer on intraosseous access: History, clinical considerations, and current devices.

OBJECTIVE: Intraosseous (IO) access is a method recommended by the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council to administer resuscitative drugs and fluids when intravenous (IV) access cannot be rapidly or easily obtained. Many clinicians have limited knowledge or experience with the IO route. The purpose of this review was to provide the reader with a succinct review of the history, clinical considerations, and devices associated with IO access. DESIGN: Narrative review. SETTING: University-based academic research cell. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Not applicable. RESULTS: Not applicable. CONCLUSIONS: IO access is a lifesaving bridge to definitive vascular access that may be considered when an IV cannot be rapidly attained and the patient's outcome may be negatively affected without prompt circulatory access. The IO route has few contraindications for use and a low rate of serious complications. Multiple manual and powered devices that may be placed in several anatomic sites are commercially available. All clinicians who provide acute care or respond to cardiovascular emergencies should obtain training and maintain proficiency in placing and using IO devices as the IO route is recommended by the major resuscitation organizations as the preferred route of infusion when rapid, reliable IV access is unavailable.

Advances and directions in chemotherapy using implantable port systems for colorectal cancer: a historical review.

With the recent advances in chemotherapy for colorectal cancer, the prognosis for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer has been significantly improved. The development of the implantable port system has also enabled patients to receive multiagent chemotherapy with a more satisfactory quality of life. Historically, chemotherapy using implantable port systems was begun to obtain an oncological benefit in the treatment of locoregional cancer. In the 1950s, there was an increasing interest in perfusion techniques for the application of chemotherapeutic agents, such as nitrogen mustard, in the locoregional treatment of metastatic cancer. Among them, the treatment of liver metastasis has interested oncologists for many years. On the other hand, implantable devices were developed during the intervening decades that have enabled patients with colorectal cancer with liver metastases to be treated effectively using hepatic arterial infusion; which became more common in the 1980s. The treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer increasingly requires a multimodal approach and multiple treatment options based not on convenience, but in terms of personalization and efficacy. Therefore, it is important to optimize the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents. Implantable port systems for colorectal cancer patients have been essential for oncological practice, and the importance of these systems will remain unchanged in the near future.