Evaluation of the patients with flank pain in the emergency department by modified STONE score.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Computed tomography (CT) is generally used for ureteral stone diagnosis. Unnecessary imaging use should be reduced to prevent increased radiation exposure and lower costs. For this reason, scoring systems that evaluate the risk of ureteral stones have been developed. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the modified STONE score (MSS) and its ability to predict ureteral stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was conducted as a multi-center, prospective and observational study. Patients aged 18 and over who presented to EDs with complaints of flank pain and who received a CT were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of stones, and the categories of the MSS were determined. The ability of the MSS to predict the ureteral stone and its diagnostic accuracy were calculated. RESULTS: The median age (min/max) of the 367 study patients was 37 (18/91), and 244 (66.5%) were male. A ureteral stone was present in 228 (73.0%) patients. Male gender, previous stone history, duration of pain less than 6 h, presence of hematuria, and CRP value below 0.5 mg/dL were significantly more common in the group with stones. The prevalence of ureter stones in the MSS high-risk group was 96.0%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and sensitivity of the MSS was 0.903 and 0.81, respectively. CONCLUSION: The modified STONE score has high diagnostic performance in suspected urinary stone cases. This scoring system can assist clinicians with radiation reducing decision-making.

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of renal pelvis in a young male: a diagnostic challenge.

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis is an extremely rare tumor with only a handful of cases reported to date. Clinical and radiological features are not specific, and hence, histopathological examination holds the key for definitive diagnosis. This tumor has mainly been described in the elderly population, with less than five cases reported in individuals aged <35 years. Here, we report a case of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis in a young male. A 31-year-old male presented with a history of right-sided flank pain for the past year. On examination, he had right-sided costovertebral tenderness. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed the presence of a hyperdense mass lesion in the right renal pelvis with severe hydronephrosis and cortical thinning. Because of the non-functioning status, right nephrectomy was performed. To our surprise, histopathology showed the presence of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis with carcinoma in situ of the ureter. This case describes a rare presentation of primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the renal pelvis, and highlights the importance of histopathological examination in reaching the correct diagnosis.

Idiopathic spontaneous extensive iliocaval thrombosis presenting with renal infarct.

We describe an extremely rare case of idiopathic spontaneous extensive venous thrombosis in a young man involving the inferior vena cava, the iliac veins and both renal veins associated with right haemorrhagic renal infarction with non-functioning right kidney.

Case report of bilateral penetrating renal trauma caused by a wooden stick.

RATIONALE: Kidney is the most frequently injured organ of the genitourinary system during trauma. Bilateral penetrating renal trauma (BPRT) is extremely rare and sporadically reported in the previous literature. Here, we reported a unique case of BPRT. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 43-year-old man, with no medical history, was accidentally penetrated by a wooden stick and presented with sharp pain in the left flank. DIAGNOSIS: Laboratory tests revealed microscopic hematuria, mildly elevated leucocyte and amylase, normal hemoglobin (145 g/L) and creatinine (1.05 mg/dl). Computed tomography demonstrated bilateral penetrating renal injuries with perinephric/subcapsular hematoma, fracture of the second lumbar vertebra and 10th rib. INTERVENTIONS: An emergency exploratory laparotomy was executed immediately. According to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale grading system, grade V and III injuries were considered for the left and right kidney, respectively. Nephrectomy and renorrhaphy were performed on the left and right kidney, respectively. OUTCOMES: The postoperative course was uneventful. Eleven days after the surgery, the patient discharged with no complications. LESSONS: We present a rare and challenging case which was handled successfully, and it may provide useful information for the management of BPRT.

Localized solitary left renal vein thrombus complicating nutcracker syndrome: a case report and review of the literature.

Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) refers to compression of the left renal vein (LRV) between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). The clinical presentation of NCS includes hematuria, abdominal and left flank pain, gonadal varices, and varicocele formation. Theoretically, thrombosis can occur in the LRV in patients with NCS. However, an isolated solitary left renal vein thrombus (LRVT) complicating NCS is rare. In addition, the clinical features of an LRVT complicating NCS remain unclear. We describe a 43-year-old woman presenting with an asymptomatic LRVT complicating NCS. She was referred to our hospital for investigation of dysfunctional uterine bleeding, and detailed examination revealed endometrial cancer. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) and Doppler ultrasonography revealed compression of the LRV between the aorta and the SMA, as well as an LRVT. CTA performed 4 months after the administration of an anticoagulant showed complete disappearance of the LRVT. We have also included a review of published reports describing LRVT complicating NCS and discussed the clinical features of such a presentation.

Aortic dissection or spontaneous renal artery dissection, a rare diagnosis?

Spontaneous renal artery dissection (SRAD) is a rare entity causing muscle spasm due to acute low back pain, back pain, or flank pain symptoms or misleading clinical diagnosis such as renal colic. A 25-year-old Syrian male refugee presented to the emergency department with sudden onset of left-sided flank pain in the evening. Physical examination results were normal except left-sided costovertebral angle sensitivity. Abdominal, pelvic and thoracic contrast computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed to evaluate aortic dissection, which was our urgent preliminary diagnosis. Left renal artery dissection was detected in CTA. The patient was treated with medical conservative treatment and spontaneous recovery was observed during the follow-up period. Early detection of SRAD in the emergency department can be difficult due to the fact that the clinical presentation is misleading.

Nutcracker Syndrome as an Unusual Cause of Postprandial Pain.

Nutcracker syndrome is a rare entity in which compression of the left renal vein (LRV), usually by the overlying superior mesenteric artery (SMA), results in renal venous congestion and reflux in the left ovarian vein (LOV). Patients may present with hematuria, left flank pain, dyspareunia, and vaginal or abdominal wall varicose veins. We report a patient with nutcracker syndrome who presented atypically with left flank pain that was exacerbated in the postprandial state. We hypothesize that the physiologic dilation of the SMA after oral intake caused increased LRV compression at that site and augmented lateral LRV distention. The patient had no evidence of SMA syndrome or chronic mesenteric insufficiency. Her symptoms resolved after we performed an LOV to inferior vena cava transposition.

Retained neonatal ureteral stent post-ureteric reimplantation: a 26-year saga.

Ureteral stents are an essential tool in modern day adult and paediatric urology. They are usually placed with the intention of removal or replacement after a specific time but may occasionally be forgotten or unintentionally retained. We present the case of a young man who presented with symptoms caused by a retained ureteric stent placed 26 years earlier during reconstructive ureteric surgery as an infant.