Reviewing state-mandated training requirements for naloxone-dispensing pharmacists.

BACKGROUND: Expanding access to naloxone is crucial for mitigating the public health epidemic of opioid overdose deaths in America. Pharmacists now have greater independent authority to dispense naloxone to the public due to a wave of enhanced pharmacy naloxone access laws. It is unknown to what extent pharmacists are required to receive specialized training to serve in this capacity. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to review naloxone training mandates from states with enhanced pharmacy naloxone access laws. METHODS: Structured internet searches were completed using publicly available legislative, regulatory, and administrative records to identify the type of enhanced pharmacy naloxone access law and the presence and characteristics of a pharmacist naloxone training mandate in each state. RESULTS: As of November 22, 2017, all 50 states have implemented an enhanced pharmacy naloxone access law. Only 19 states mandated targeted naloxone education before pharmacists engaged in independent naloxone dispensing/prescribing activities. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of standardized naloxone training requirements for naloxone-dispensing pharmacists may affect the rate of adoption of enhanced pharmacy naloxone dispensing practices at community pharmacies and suboptimal education of patients at risk of opioid overdose. Ensuring pharmacists' preparedness to serve as naloxone providers is necessary to meaningfully prevent opioid overdose deaths in their communities.

Bolonia versus innovación / Bolonia versus Innovation

El comienzo de la Licenciatura en Farmacia, en el entorno del EEES, exige un esfuerzo innovador. Los calificados docentes deben fomentar los aspectos básicos relacionados con la formación humanística, aspectos históricos, sociológicos, legislativos de la profesión farmacéutica. Por esta razón, también valor normativo español y europeo en relación con la Ley sanitarias. En este resumen, se analizan las principales dificultades de la enseñanza al aprendizaje. Además como la promoción de estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes autónomos. Por esta razón, es necesario la nueva aplicación de nuevos métodos de enseñanza(AU)

The beginning of the Bachelor in Pharmacy, in the environment of EHEA, demands an innovative effort. The proffesors must foment the basic aspects related with the humanistic, historical, sociological aspects, legislatives of the pharmaceutical profession. For this reason, we will also value normative Spanish and European relative to sanitary Law. In this abstract, we analyze the main difficulties from the teaching to the learning. Besides as promoting strategies of the students' autonomous learning. For this reason it is necessary the new application of new methods of teaching(AU)

International trends in lifelong learning for pharmacists.

Lifelong learning for community pharmacists is shifting from continuing education (CE) towards continuing professional development (CPD) in some countries. The objectives of this report were to compare lifelong learning frameworks for community pharmacists in different countries, and determine to what extent the concept of CPD has been implemented. A literature search was conducted as well as an Internet search on the web sites of professional pharmacy associations and authorities in 8 countries. The results of this review show that the concept of CPD has been implemented primarily in countries that have a long tradition in lifelong learning, such as Great Britain. However, most countries have opted for the CE approach, eg, France, or for a combination of CE and CPD, eg, New Zealand. This approach combines the controllability by regulatory organizations that CE requires with the advantage of sustained behavior change seen in successful CPD programs.

Legality of mandatory continuing professional education.

The legality of state requirements that professionals participate in continuing professional education is discussed. The historical development of the requirement in pharmacy is reviewed, and the legal doctrine of police power is considered as the basis for legal requirements in this area. The need for a statutory basis for this condition is presented, and court cases wherein such requirements have been challenged are reviewed. There must be statutory authorization for imposing continuing education requirements for professionals, and the statute and regulations affecting the rule must not infringe on an individual's constitutional rights.