COVID-19-induced acute loss of consciousness in Marchiafava-Bignami disease: a case report.

Among the various manifestations of COVID-19, the neurological implications of SARS-CoV-2 infection are of significant concern. Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD), a neurodegenerative disorder, exhibits a clinical spectrum ranging from mild progressive dementia in its chronic form to states of acute coma and varied mortality rates. Acute MBD primarily occurs in chronic alcoholics and malnourished individuals and is characterized by sudden loss of consciousness, seizures, confusion, and psychosis. We herein report a case of MBD presenting as acute loss of consciousness after the development of COVID-19. The patient presented with a history of fever and upper respiratory infection and was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. He developed a neurological syndrome characterized by altered consciousness and convulsions, and brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal signals in the corpus callosum and frontoparietal lobes. Considering his alcohol intake history and the absence of other differential diagnoses, we diagnosed him with acute MBD triggered by COVID-19. After high-dose vitamin B1 and corticosteroid therapy, his clinical symptoms improved. In this case, we observed a temporal sequence between the development of COVID-19 and acute exacerbation of MBD. This case adds to the mounting evidence suggesting the potential effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the neurological system.

Detection of Marchiafava Bignami disease using distinct deep learning techniques in medical diagnostics.

PURPOSE: To detect the Marchiafava Bignami Disease (MBD) using a distinct deep learning technique. BACKGROUND: Advanced deep learning methods are becoming more crucial in contemporary medical diagnostics, particularly for detecting intricate and uncommon neurological illnesses such as MBD. This rare neurodegenerative disorder, sometimes associated with persistent alcoholism, is characterized by the loss of myelin or tissue death in the corpus callosum. It poses significant diagnostic difficulties owing to its infrequency and the subtle signs it exhibits in its first stages, both clinically and on radiological scans. METHODS: The novel method of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) in conjunction with attention mechanisms is used to identify MBD peculiar diseases accurately. VAEs are well-known for their proficiency in unsupervised learning and anomaly detection. They excel at analyzing extensive brain imaging datasets to uncover subtle patterns and abnormalities that traditional diagnostic approaches may overlook, especially those related to specific diseases. The use of attention mechanisms enhances this technique, enabling the model to concentrate on the most crucial elements of the imaging data, similar to the discerning observation of a skilled radiologist. Thus, we utilized the VAE with attention mechanisms in this study to detect MBD. Such a combination enables the prompt identification of MBD and assists in formulating more customized and efficient treatment strategies. RESULTS: A significant breakthrough in this field is the creation of a VAE equipped with attention mechanisms, which has shown outstanding performance by achieving accuracy rates of over 90% in accurately differentiating MBD from other neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION: This model, which underwent training using a diverse range of MRI images, has shown a notable level of sensitivity and specificity, significantly minimizing the frequency of false positive results and strengthening the confidence and dependability of these sophisticated automated diagnostic tools.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease: why not Marchiafava-Bignami-Carducci disease?

The Marchiafava-Bignami disease has a curious backstory, namely, the publication in 1898 of the Contribution to the Study of Nonsuppurative Encephalitis (Carducci A in Riv Psicol Psichiat Neuropat 8-9:125-135, 1898), in which the neo-graduate Agostino Carducci described the disease that the pathologists Ettore Marchiafava and Amico Bignami would report 5 years later.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease(MBD) involving bilateral handknob area: neuroimages.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a metabolic disease of the nervous system. It mainly involves the Corpus callosum, but the handknob area is rarely involved. This article reports a MBD case involving the bilateral handknob area. The involvement of the bilateral handknob area contributes to the clinical presentation of convulsions of both hands. Through this case, more clinicians realize the bilateral handknob area involvement in MBD, which is helpful for the identification and diagnosis of MBD. To our knowledge, this is the first report on MBD involving the bilateral handknob area.

Clinico-radiologic subtypes and therapeutic observation of acute Marchiafava-Bignami disease.

We aimed to investigate the clinico-radiologic features of acute Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) and its evolutionary process after effective treatment through subgroup comparison. The clinical and MRI data of 23 patients with acute MBD were retrospectively analyzed and divided into type A (12 cases, with entire callosal involvement) and type B (11 cases, with focal callosal involvement). The clinical assessments and MRI findings (before and after treatment) were compared between the two subtypes. Compared with type B, type A had lower MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scores at admission (16.50 ± 1.73 vs 18.27 ± 1.68, P = 0.021) and were more common with extracallosal involvement (66.67% vs 18.18%, P = 0.036) and longer illness duration (18.3 ± 2.1 days vs 15.6 ± 2.4 days, P = 0.012). During the treatment, the residual lesion in the splenium was more common in type A (58.33% vs 9.09%, P = 0.027). After treatment, the MoCa scores of both subtypes gradually increased (P < 0.001), and the callosal and extracallasal lesions disappeared completely. Clinico-radiologic typing of acute MBD is related to the severity of early symptoms, but not to the prognosis. Complete clinico-radiologic recovery is possible for both subtypes with combined treatment. The clinico-radiologic reversibility is helpful for accurate diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation.

Disconnected Motor Intention and Spatial Attention in a Case of Probable Marchiafava-Bignami Disease.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare complication of chronic alcoholism that typically causes demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. Here, we report a man with probable MBD with callosal and right medial paracentral lesions who presented with abnormal reaching behavior and ideomotor apraxia of the left hand. He exhibited difficulty in reaching with the left hand when a target object was placed on his right-hand side, and he exhibited rightward bias when using his right hand in a line bisection task. These disturbances in reaching suggest disruption of the top-down control of motor intention and spatial attention at the corpus callosum.

Diverse MRI findings and clinical outcomes of acute Marchiafava-Bignami disease.

BACKGROUND: The acute onset of Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is difficult to capture, and its clinical manifestations are overlapped. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very useful in the diagnosis of acute MBD. PURPOSE: To investigate the MRI features and clinical outcomes of acute MBD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sagittal T2-weighted (T2W) or T1-weighted (T1W) imaging, axial T1W and T2W imaging, and axial FLAIR and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences were performed in 17 patients with acute MBD on 1.5-T MR. According to the different ranges of callosal restricted diffusion, MBD was divided into Type I (n = 7, the completely involved), Type II (n = 5, the mostly involved), and Type III (n = 5, the partly involved). The MRI findings and outcomes of each type were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: With the reduced range of the callosal restricted diffusion, the callosal atrophy or cavitation was more common: no case of Type I; 1 (20%) case of Type II; and 3 (60%) cases of Type III. With the increased range of callosal restricted diffusion, the extracallosal involvement was more common: 6 (86%) cases of Type I; 3 (60%) cases of Type II; and 1 (20%) case of Type III. During the follow-up, five cases had neuropsychiatric sequelae: 1 (14%) case of type I; 1 (20%) case of Type II; 3 (60%) cases of Type III. CONCLUSION: The MRI findings and clinical outcomes of acute MBD are regular. The extensive restricted diffusion of acute MBD may present the curable condition. Callosal heterogeneity may affect the outcome of acute MBD.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease: Report of three cases.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare alcohol-associated disorder characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. We report three patients who had history of chronic alcoholism, different clinical presentation and MRI findings consistent with the diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease.

Neuroimaging of Multiple Sclerosis Mimics.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, characterized by demyelinating lesions of the brain and the spinal cord. Although it is extremely important to diagnose this condition in a timely manner, to initiate and monitor treatment to prevent permanent neurologic damage and disability, it is also necessary that other demyelinating conditions collectively referred to as MS mimics be identified and excluded. This article describes the in-depth neuroimaging characteristics and morphology of the pathologic lesions on the various neuroimaging modalities.