Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies.

Basement membranes form an anatomic barrier that contains connective tissue. They are composed of type IV collagen, laminin and proteoglycans. Anti-basement membrane antibodies bind to the non-collagen site of the α3 chain of type IV collagen. A group of renal diseases, pulmonary diseases and perhaps others affecting different organs have long been associated with the presence of antibodies directed against glomerular basement membrane (GBM), alveolar basement membrane and tubular basement membrane. Goodpasture disease has a frequency of 0.5 to 1 case by million/year, and is responsible for up to 20% of crescentic glomerulonephritis in renal biopsy. It has been associated with genetic and immune abnormalities and there are usually environmental triggers preceding clinical onset. Renal disease can occur isolated or in association with pulmonary hemorrhage. In general, renal disease has a rapid progression that determines severe compromise, with rare spontaneous resolution. The diagnosis of Goodpasture disease requires the presence of the anti-GBM antibody, either in circulation or in renal tissue. The prognosis of non-treated patients is poor. The standard of care is plasma exchange combined with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Anti-GBM antibody levels must be monitored frequently until their disappearance, and then every 6 months to confirm sustained remission in the absence of clinical signs of recurrence. Prognosis of the disease is strongly associated with its initial presentation. Survival rates are related to the degree of renal compromise at onset of the disease. Recurrence of the disease post-transplantation is low.

Late presentation of Alport posttransplantation anti-glomerular basement membrane disease.

We describe a female patient with Alport disease who developed antiglomerular basement membrane nephritis late after kidney transplantation during the treatment of an acute bacterial pyelonephritis and discuss the potential role of the infection as a trigger for the development of this nephritis.

[Goodpasture's syndrome]. / Síndrome de Goodpasture.

Goodpasture s syndrome (GS) is an auto-immune disease that is part of the pulmonary-renal syndrome spectrum. It is characterized by the linear deposition of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti-GBM) in glomerular and alveolar basement membrane resulting in alveolar hemorrhage and progressive glomerulonephritis. An early diagnosis is important to decrease clinical morbidity. In the present work we illustrate a GS case initially diagnosed as Wegener s granulomatosis. The patient showed favorable clinical evolution with corticosteroid therapy associated with plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide.

Anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in an HIV positive patient: case report.

We report on a case of a patient with HIV infection, diagnosed 18 months prior to the development of an anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; this is probably the first report of such an association. A 30-year-old white man presented with elevation of serum creatinine (1.3 - 13.5 mg/dL within one month). At admission, the urinalysis showed proteinuria of 7.2 g/L and 8,000,000 erythrocytes/mL. Renal biopsy corresponded to a crescentic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis mediated by anti-GBM, and serum testing for anti-GBM antibodies was positive; antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were also positive. The patient underwent hemodyalisis and was treated with plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide and prednisone. The association described here is not casual, as crescentic glomerulonephritis is not common in HIV-positive patients, anti-GBM glomerulonephritis is rare and anti-GBM antibodies are frequently observed in HIV-positive subjects when compared to the overall population. Based on the current case and on the elevated frequency of the positivity for such antibodies in this group of patients, it is advisable to be aware of the eventual association between these two conditions and to promote an active search for anti-GBM antibodies and early diagnosis of eventual urinary abnormalities in HIV-positive subjects, considering the severity of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.

Anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis in an HIV positive patient: case report

We report on a case of a patient with HIV infection, diagnosed 18 months prior to the development of an anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis; this is probably the first report of such an association. A 30-year-old white man presented with elevation of serum creatinine (1.3 - 13.5 mg/dL within one month). At admission, the urinalysis showed proteinuria of 7.2 g/L and 8,000,000 erythrocytes/mL. Renal biopsy corresponded to a crescentic diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis mediated by anti-GBM, and serum testing for anti-GBM antibodies was positive; antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) were also positive. The patient underwent hemodyalisis and was treated with plasmapheresis, cyclophosphamide and prednisone. The association described here is not casual, as crescentic glomerulonephritis is not common in HIV-positive patients, anti-GBM glomerulonephritis is rare and anti-GBM antibodies are frequently observed in HIV-positive subjects when compared to the overall population. Based on the current case and on the elevated frequency of the positivity for such antibodies in this group of patients, it is advisable to be aware of the eventual association between these two conditions and to promote an active search for anti-GBM antibodies and early diagnosis of eventual urinary abnormalities in HIV-positive subjects, considering the severity of anti-GBM glomerulonephritis.

Pulmonary-renal vasculitic disorders: differential diagnosis and management.

Pulmonary-renal syndrome (PRS) is a combination of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis. Pulmonary-renal syndrome is not a single entity and is caused by a variety of conditions, including Goodpasturés syndrome associated with autoantibodies to the glomerular and alveolar basement membranes, various forms of primary systemic vasculitis associated with serum positivity for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), cryoglobulinemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, antiphospholipid syndrome, environmental factors, and drugs. The majority of cases of PRS are associated with ANCAs. The antigen target in Goodpasturés syndrome is the alpha-3 chain of type IV collagen. The antigen target in PRS associated with systemic vasculitis is proteinase-3 and myeloperoxidase. Pulmonary-renal syndrome has been observed from the first to the ninth decade of life. The widespread adoption of serologic testing performed in an appropriate clinical context hopefully will limit diagnostic delay. The goals of treatment in PRS are to remove the circulating antibodies, to stop further production of autoantibodies, and to remove any antigen that stimulates antibody production. Treatment is based on plasmapheresis, steroids, and cyclophosphamide; however, infections are frequent contributors to death, and less toxic alternatives may improve outcome and prognosis resulting in a long-term survival. The degree of renal function and the percent of crescents on renal biopsy are better predictors of outcome. Renal transplantation can be safely carried out in PRS.

Hemosiderosis pulmonar. Síndrome de Goodpasture / Pulmonary hemosiderosis. Goodpasture syndrome

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente portadora de hemosiderosis pulmonar asociada a anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular, con alteraciones en la biopsia renal, configurando el síndrome de Goodpasture. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno determinaron una evolución favorable

Hemosiderosis pulmonar. Síndrome de Goodpasture / Pulmonary hemosiderosis. Goodpasture syndrome

Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente portadora de hemosiderosis pulmonar asociada a anticuerpos antimembrana basal glomerular, con alteraciones en la biopsia renal, configurando el síndrome de Goodpasture. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno determinaron una evolución favorable(AU)

[Anti glomerular basement membrane disease in a renal transplant patient with Alport syndrome]. / Enfermedad antimembrana basal glomerular en un paciente transplantado renal con enfermedad de Alport.

We report a case of anti GBM disease that developed in the renal graft of a patient with Alport syndrome. After reaching abnormal values of creatinine, the patient presented with deteriorating renal function three months after a cadaver transplant and the biopsy showed crescent formation, and linear IF deposits. Circulating antibodies against alpha 5 chain of type IV collagen were found and plasmaphereses stabilized the condition for one year until a lung infection led to withdrawal of the immunosuppressive drugs and the patient returned to dialysis. We discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the specificity of the circulating antibodies in this case, which differs from the target characteristic of the idiopathic form of anti GBM disease, the alpha 3 (IV) chain.

Enfermedad antimembrana basal glomerular en un paciente trasplantado renal con enfermedad de Alport / Anti glomerular basement membrane disease in a renal transplant patient with Alport syndrome

Se comunica un caso de enfermedad anti membrana basal glomerular (anti MBG) en un paciente com síndrome de Alport que recibió un trasplante de riñón cadavérico. Luego de alcanzar una función renal normal al mês del trasplante, deterioró progresivamente la función a partir del 3er mês y la punción biopsia renal mostró formación de semilunas y depósitos lineales de inmunoglobulinas. El estudio del suero demostró anticuerpos contra la cadena alfa 5 del colágeno tipo IV y recibió tratamiento con plasmaféresis, lográndose estabilización funcional durante un año. Al cabo de dicho lapso una infección respiratoria requirió interrupción de la inmunosupresión y el paciente debió reingresar al programa de hemodiálisis crónica. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos que condicionaron la especificidad de los anticuerpos circulantes en este caso, ya que difiere de la prevalente en la enfermedad anti MBG idiopática, en la que los anticuerpos circulantes están habitualmente dirigidos contra la cadena alfa 3.

Enfermedad antimembrana basal glomerular en un paciente trasplantado renal con enfermedad de Alport / Anti glomerular basement membrane disease in a renal transplant patient with Alport syndrome

Se comunica un caso de enfermedad anti membrana basal glomerular (anti MBG) en un paciente com síndrome de Alport que recibió un trasplante de riñón cadavérico. Luego de alcanzar una función renal normal al mÛs del trasplante, deterioró progresivamente la función a partir del 3er mÛs y la punción biopsia renal mostró formación de semilunas y depósitos lineales de inmunoglobulinas. El estudio del suero demostró anticuerpos contra la cadena alfa 5 del colágeno tipo IV y recibió tratamiento con plasmaféresis, lográndose estabilización funcional durante un año. Al cabo de dicho lapso una infección respiratoria requirió interrupción de la inmunosupresión y el paciente debió reingresar al programa de hemodiálisis crónica. Se discuten los posibles mecanismos que condicionaron la especificidad de los anticuerpos circulantes en este caso, ya que difiere de la prevalente en la enfermedad anti MBG idiopática, en la que los anticuerpos circulantes están habitualmente dirigidos contra la cadena alfa 3. (AU)