Lessons learnt in the management of paraduodenal hernias: a case series.

INTRODUCTION: Paraduodenal hernias (PDH) are rare congenital internal hernias with non- specific symptoms. Left-sided paraduodenal hernia is three times more common than right-sided paraduodenal hernia with similar clinical presentation but different embryological origins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report a series of eight cases of paraduodenal hernia who presented with varied clinical presentation ranging from vague abdominal pain to complete intestinal obstruction. Six cases had left-sided paraduodenal hernia, while two cases had right-sided paraduodenal hernia. RESULTS: Seven cases based on their presentation underwent surgery either electively or on emergent basis. Three cases underwent laparoscopic repair. One case had a recurrence and was re-operated four months later. There was no mortality among any of the cases. CONCLUSION: A pre-operative diagnosis of paraduodenal hernia is essential. Laparoscopic surgery is safe in select cases and is found to be beneficial.

[Endoscopic treatment of duodenal duplication cyst]. / Endoskopicheskoe lechenie duplikatsionnoi kisty dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

Duodenal duplication cyst (DDC) is a rare form of intestinal malformation (2-12% of all gastrointestinal duplications). There are many difficulties in diagnosis and management of DDC. We present a case of successful endoscopic transluminal treatment of DDC in a 30-year-old female. She complained of epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss of 5 kg over the past 3 months. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone disease was performed 18 months prior to admission. Examination revealed a cyst 52×60?35 mm in descending part of duodenum. There was a calculus inside the cyst. Transluminal endoscopic cyst fenestration was performed. Histological examination confirmed DDC. According to control duodenoscopy data, cyst was collapsed. The patient remains asymptomatic three months after surgery. DDC is a rare disease of gastrointestinal tract, which should be differentiated first with choledochocele Todani type III and intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. Endoscopic treatment may be an adequate alternative to traditional interventions in some cases.

A Rare Case of Small Bowel Obstruction Due to Paraduodenal Hernia.

BACKGROUND Paraduodenal hernia, or mesocolic hernia, is a rare congenital form of internal abdominal hernia, and is classified into right and left, with left paraduodenal hernia being more common than right. Patients can have non-specific symptoms and signs, which make the diagnosis challenging. However, patients may present with obstruction or ischemia requiring emergency surgery. This report is of a case of left paraduodenal hernia in a 24-year-old woman who presented with acute abdominal pain at two-weeks post-partum and who was managed with open surgery with good clinical outcome. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old Saudi woman presented with recurrent chronic abdominal pain that was managed conservatively for the previous six years. At two-weeks post-partum, she presented with acute abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a left paraduodenal hernia. The patient underwent timely open laparotomy due to the presence of bowel dilatation. Her postoperative recovery was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS Although rare, this case has shown that paraduodenal hernia can cause intestinal obstruction. CT imaging increases the chance of early diagnosis and timely surgery. Although laparoscopic surgical repair may be preferable in some cases, this patient underwent successful open repair.

Multimodality characterization of a noncommunicating congenital duodenal duplication cyst causing pyloric outflow obstruction in a young dog.

A 10-month-old German Shepherd Dog presented for evaluation of intermittent vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed a marked right cranial mass effect. Initial differentials included abscess/cyst or less likely neoplasia from undetermined origin. On abdominal ultrasound the mass appeared cystic and thin walled. Computed tomography revealed a large cystic lesion originating from the pyloroduodenal junction causing pyloric outflow obstruction. A noncommunicating duodenal duplication cyst was found on exploratory laparotomy and further confirmed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Enteric duplication cyst should be considered as a differential in young dogs with gastrointestinal signs and a cystic abdominal mass detected with different imaging modalities.

Congenital duodenocolic fistula in a dog.

A one-year-old female cocker spaniel presented with a 6-month history of persistent diarrhoea. Abdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed mild diffuse thickening of the intestinal wall coupled with mesenteric lymphadenopathy. A connection between the duodenum and the colon was observed during an endoscopic procedure and confirmed by computed tomography. Surgical resection of the communication allowed remission of the diarrhoea. Histology showed a normal duodenal epithelium and muscular layer. A duodenocolic fistula is an abnormal connection within the digestive tract, which in humans is usually considered a complication of a local pathological condition. Due to the absence of a predisposing cause and, in view of the dog's age and histological results, a congenital origin was suspected.

Perinatal hemorrhage from ulceration of the umbilical cord: A potentially catastrophic association with duodenal and jejunal obstruction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review published reports and contribute new cases of umbilical cord ulceration (UCU) with perinatal hemorrhage into the amniotic cavity in the setting of duodenal or jejunal obstruction because knowledge of this sequence is poorly disseminated and could be lifesaving. METHODS: Published reports of UCU with hemorrhage associated with congenital duodenal or jejunal obstruction were reviewed. Chart review was conducted for the cases encountered at our institutions between January 2008 and March 2017. We noted perinatal complications, method of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, gender, number, location, and pathologic description of umbilical cord ulcers, and outcome. RESULTS: Thirty-one reports and 7 new cases were studied. Perinatal complications included: preterm labor or preterm premature rupture of membranes: 63%; fetal distress: 95%; mean gestational age: 33weeks; premature gestation: 95%; bloody amniotic fluid: 90%. Pathological analysis of UCUs revealed solitary, multifocal, helical and punched-out lesions. There were 12 neonatal deaths (32%), and 12 intrauterine deaths (32%). Survival rate was 37%. CONCLUSIONS: UCU with perinatal hemorrhage is associated with duodenal and jejunal obstruction. Knowing the typical clinical signs of this potential catastrophic complication could prompt lifesaving delivery. TYPE OF STUDY: Prognostic LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Pancreatic and biliary obstruction years after retention of a swallowed coin in a duodenal diverticulum: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital duodenal diverticula are a rare anomaly. The discovery of one in association with an ingested foreign body has only been reported on one previous occasion. In this challenging presentation, the presence of the coin led to the correct diagnosis. Patients with congenital duodenal anomalies may present a number of associated abnormalities. Interestingly, after the discovery of his intraluminal duodenal diverticulum, we searched and found that our patient presented a number of associated pathologies, as described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: Our patient was a 36-year-old man, Caucasian, a kidney transplant recipient who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and fever after an episode of pancreatitis. Because of a history of behavioral problems associated with intellectual impairment, including a compulsion to swallow coins during childhood, an abdominal radiograph was performed. Surprisingly, the radiograph revealed a radiopaque shadow in the central abdominal area. The findings of the ultrasound examination and computed tomography scan were suggestive of dilated biliary and pancreatic ducts. We performed an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, which led to confirmation of the suspected coin above an obstructing intraluminal duodenal diverticulum with associated biliary ductal dilation. Upon retrieval of the coin, it was found to be a 1975 copper two-cent piece out of circulation in Australia for a large number of years. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign body retention in the gastrointestinal tract in an adult could be a sign of underlying mechanical pathology. Intraluminal duodenal diverticulitis can have a varied presentation, including life-threatening complications. Awareness should be raised of the conditions associated with congenital duodenal anomalies in adults, including renal, hepatobiliary and cardiac defects, many of which were present in our case.

Congenital left paraduodenal hernia causing chronic abdominal pain and abdominal catastrophe.

Paraduodenal hernias are the most common type of congenital internal hernia. Because of its overall rare incidence, this entity is often overlooked during initial assessment of the patient. Lack of specific diagnostic criteria also makes diagnosis exceedingly difficult, and the resulting diagnostic delays can lead to tragic outcomes for patients. Despite these perceived barriers to timely diagnosis, there may be specific radiographic findings that, when combined with the appropriate constellation of clinical symptoms, would aid in diagnosis. This patient first presented at 8 years of age with vague symptoms of postprandial emesis, chronic abdominal pain, nausea, and syncope. Over the span of 6 years he was evaluated 2 to 3 times a year with similar complaints, all of which quickly resolved spontaneously. He underwent multiple laboratory, imaging, and endoscopic studies, which were nondiagnostic. It was not until he developed signs of a high-grade obstruction and extremis that he was found to have a large left paraduodenal hernia that had volvulized around the superior mesenteric axis. This resulted in the loss of the entire superior mesenteric axis distribution of the small and large intestine and necrosis of the duodenum. In cases of chronic intermittent obstruction without clear etiology, careful attention and consideration should be given to the constellation of symptoms, imaging studies, and potential use of diagnostic laparoscopy. Increased vigilance by primary care and consulting physicians is necessary to detect this rare but readily correctable condition.

Left paraduodenal hernia causing small bowel obstruction.

A case of small bowel obstruction secondary to a left paraduodenal hernia is illustrated together with its radiological features and intra-operative appearance. Paraduodenal hernias are rare congenital causes of small bowel obstruction, and various approaches to surgical treatment are available including conventional open and minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. This case presents one possible option for surgical management and briefly reviews the literature for the various surgical techniques and strategies available to the surgeon when faced with a left paraduodenal hernia.

Esophageal cyst in the duodenum of a foal.

A 21-day-old Thoroughbred colt was euthanized following a history of recurrent colic. A 4.5 cm in diameter, occlusive, submucosal cyst was identified in the duodenum at necropsy. Histologically, the cyst was surrounded by a smooth muscle wall and was lined by both squamous and attenuated cuboidal to columnar epithelium. A diagnosis of an esophageal cyst was made based on the gross and histologic findings.

Laparoscopic partial cystectomy with mucosal stripping of extraluminal duodenal duplication cysts.

Duodenal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies. Duodenal duplication should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with abdominal symptoms with cystic structures neighboring the duodenum. Here, we present an 8-year-old girl with a duodenal duplication cyst treated with partial cystectomy with mucosal stripping performed laparoscopically. Laparoscopic surgery can be considered as a treatment option for duodenal duplication cysts, especially in extraluminal locations.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging. 158. Duodenal ectopic pancreas.

A 46-year-old man presented with right loin tenderness following a road traffic accident. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined, smooth, enhancing oval lesion in the wall of the first part of the duodenum. The lesion was seen separately from the normal pancreas. It showed attenuation, intensity and enhancement similar to that of normal pancreas. Based on the imaging appearance, a diagnosis of ectopic pancreas was made. The patient underwent oesophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration cytology of the lesion, which confirmed ectopic pancreatic tissue. Since the patient was asymptomatic, surgical resection was deferred. The embryologic origin, various locations, imaging appearance and clinical significance of ectopic pancreas are discussed.

Laparoscopic methods in the treatment of congenital duodenal obstruction for neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of and indication for laparoscopic methods for neonates with congenital duodenal obstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From September 2009 to October 2012, 40 newborns with duodenal obstruction underwent exploratory laparoscopy. With a lower-pressure pneumoperitoneum of 6-8 mm Hg and a suspending suture for the right liver elevator, the procedure was performed using four trocars 3-5 mm in diameter. Under laparoscopic vision, the causes of duodenal obstruction were diagnosed, and then the operation methods were determined by the type of obstruction. RESULTS: Of the 40 cases, 4 were duodenal atresia (type II), 8 were duodenal stenosis, 8 were annular pancreas, and 20 were congenital intestinal malrotation. For the cases with duodenal diaphragmatic stenosis a partial excision of the diaphragm was performed after longitudinal incision of the anterior part of the duodenum followed laparoscopically by a transverse suture. For the cases with duodenal atresia (type II) and annular pancreas, a duodenal diamond anastomosis was successfully carried out through a laparoscopic approach. Ladd's operational method was performed in the cases with congenital intestinal malrotation. Feedings were started on postoperative Day 3-7, without abdominal distention and vomiting, and discharge from the the hospital was on postoperative Day 9-14. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital duodenal obstruction is a common malformation in neonates. The laparoscopic procedure is an important method of diagnosing, and correct operational methods are the key to improve the therapeutic effect in the treatment of congenital duodenal obstruction. The laparoscope has the value of a small incision, microinvasion, and better recovery in diagnosis and treatment for congenital duodenal obstruction. The laparoscopic methods can be performed in neonates safely and are appropriate for a full-term newborn with tolerance to CO2 pneumoperitoneum.

Quiste de duplicación duodenal, diagnóstico prenatal y exéresis postnatal / Duodenal duplication cyst, prenatal diagnosis and postnatal excision

Introduction: duodenal duplication cysts are rare congenital anomalies, usually originate in the 2nd -3rd portion of the duodenum. The prenatal echography diagnosis shows a cyst in the right hypochondrium, and we should perform a differential diagnosis with other pathologies. Prenatal diagnosis will allow a correct and precocious postnatal management. Elective excision is the treatment of election preventing the development of complications. Clinical case: We present a rare case of duplication of the first portion of the duodenum that required precocious excision because obstruction to gastric emptying.

Introducción: Los quistes de duplicidad duodenal son anomalías congênitas raras, que generalmente se originan en la 2ª-3ª porción duodenal. Ante el hallazgo en la ecografía prenatal de un quiste en hipocondrio derecho se debe realizar un diagnóstico diferencial con otras patologías. El diagnóstico prenatal, permitirá un correcto y precoz manejo postnatal. La exéresis electiva es el tratamiento de elección evitando la aparición de complicaciones posteriores. Caso clínico: Presentamos un caso excepcional de duplicidad de la primera porción duodenal, que precisó de exêresis precoz por causar obstrucción al vaciamiento gástrico.