RESUMEN
Although Eurytrema coelomaticum is considered a parasite with low pathogenicity, it may be associated with mortality and loss of productive performance in animals due to chronic pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of oxidative stress caused by E. coelomaticum in naturally infected cattle, correlating the biochemical findings with the parasite load and histopathological changes. For this study, blood and pancreas samples from 51 cattle were collected, and levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) were measured in the serum and pancreas, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was measured in total blood. Parasite burden was determined opening the pancreatic ducts, and then fragments of pancreas were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and routinely processed for histopathology. From the 51 collected pancreas, 33 (63.5%) were parasitized. The average parasite burden per pancreas was 532 (12-2,578). TBARS and FRAP showed higher levels in serum and pancreas of infected animals (p<0.05), with a positive correlation between the histopathological changes and the number of parasites. SOD level in blood was 42% higher in parasitized group compared with control group (p<0.05), as well as AOPP in serum. Based on these results, we concluded that in natural infection by E. coelomaticum in cattle, oxidative stress occurs, characterized by the occurrence of protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant system.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Páncreas/patología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/veterinaria , Trematodos/clasificación , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , ADN de Helmintos/genética , Páncreas/parasitología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/parasitología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/patología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/patologíaRESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus is a common disease in dogs and cats. It consists of a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in secretion and/or insulin activity. The islets of Langerhans from donor pancreas may be an alternative for the cure of diabetes, however, this approach is limited because the donation is scarce and complications occur due to the concurrent use of immunosuppressive drugs. For many decades researchers have sought ways to replace pancreatic islets in diabetic individuals. Current studies in progress with stem cell culture for production of pancreatic islet cells are promising, despite the difficulties in their production. This review reports several aspects concerning the use of stem cells in diabetes cell therapy. Recent studies in mice have shown that embryonic stem cells can be induced to differentiate into insulin-producing ß-cells. In parallel with this study, a new class of stem cells has emerged, i.e. induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) aimed at clinical and therapeutic use. Adult stem cells may circumvent the ethical issues surrounding embryonic stem cells and allow auto-transplantation.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Gatos , Perros , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/veterinaria , Células Madre/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Enfermedades Metabólicas/veterinariaRESUMEN
A sporadic wasting syndrome affecting beef cattle herds parasitized by Eurytrema coelomaticum is described in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil. The disease was characterized by progressive weight loss, poor body condition despite plenty of good quality forage available, and death. Annual losses ranged from 1 to 3%. The clinical course of the disease varied from 2 to 10 months after the onset of the first clinical signs. At necropsy, one of the three distinct following patterns of lesions were observed: the pancreas was of normal size and color; small, shrunken, white and markedly and diffusely firm (fibrosis); or slightly enlarged and dark with a shriveled capsular surface. Myriads of leaf-shaped trematodes of the genus Eurytrema were packed inside multiple dilated ducts with thickened, whitish fibrous walls, or the flukes were embedded in the remaining pancreatic parenchyma. Microscopic findings included extensive loss of the pancreatic parenchyma with replacement fibrosis, intralesional flukes and eggs, and ductal hyperplasia. Inflammatory reaction varied from absent to severe with the presence of a granulomatous reaction around the trematode eggs. One affected animal had high plasma amylase concentration (1580U/L) suggesting exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Glucose blood levels were not significantly increased. We suggest that diffuse and marked fibrosis of the pancreas induced by the presence of large amounts of pancreatic flukes is the cause of the sporadic cases of chronic wasting and death of cattle in this geographic area.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/veterinaria , Trematodos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Síndrome Debilitante/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/patología , Histocitoquímica/veterinaria , Masculino , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/parasitología , Enfermedades Pancreáticas/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones por Trematodos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/patología , Síndrome Debilitante/epidemiología , Síndrome Debilitante/parasitología , Síndrome Debilitante/patologíaRESUMEN
The early events that take place during the internalization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) into Chinook salmon embryo cells (CHSE-214) were analyzed ultrastructurally. Endocytic tracers were employed in order to characterize the organization of endocytic organelles in CHSE-214 cells, as well its relation to the IPNV penetration. Results demonstrate that IPNV appear internalized within vesicular compartments which are located peripherally in CHSE-214 cells. Despite the high rate of infectious multiplicity few virus particles were detected inside the cells. Endocytic tracer labelling of tubulovesicular elements and endosomes of host cells showed a well developed endocytic apparatus. Results suggest that endocytosis may be involved during the initiating events in the productive IPNV infection.