RESUMEN
The pivotal role of childhood nutrition has always roused a growing interest from the scientific community. Plant extracts and bioactive dietary components play a significant role in the maintenance of human health and wellness, with the potential to modulate risk factors and manage symptoms for a large number of common childhood disorders such as memory impairment, respiratory illnesses, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic derangements, and pathologies related to the oral cavity. This review is designed to highlight the health benefits of botanical extracts and bioactive dietary components in children as evidenced by clinical trials, considering their safety with regards to childhood sensibilities. The supplementation of children with the herbal extracts or bioactive components mentioned in this review leads to the conclusion that they are useful for treating various ailments, with no serious adverse events being reported. However, for the limited number of investigations specifically focused on the safety of such products in children, time is needed to expand the literature data covering the safety of childhood supplementation with botanical extract and bioactive food components.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales Infantiles , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fitoquímicos/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Dieta/métodos , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/dietoterapia , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Fitoterapia/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapiaRESUMEN
Agricultural workers, especially those who work in swine confinement facilities, are at increased risk for developing pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis due to exposures to fumes, vapors, and organic dust. Repetitive exposure to agricultural dust leads to unresolved inflammation, a common underlying mechanism that worsens lung disease. Besides occupational exposure to dusts, diet also significantly contributes to inflammation and disease progression. Since DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid and its bioactive metabolites have key roles in inflammation resolution, we rationalized that individuals chronically exposed to organic dusts can benefit from dietary modifications. Here, we evaluated the role of DHA in modifying airway inflammation in a murine model of repetitive exposure to an aqueous extract of agricultural dust (three-week exposure to swine confinement dust extract, HDE) and after a one-week resolution/recovery period. We found that mice fed a high DHA diet had significantly increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of DHA-derived resolvins and lower TNFα along with altered plasma levels of endocannabinoids and related lipid mediators. Following the one-week recovery we identified significantly reduced BALF cellularity and cytokine/chemokine release along with increased BALF amphiregulin and resolvins in DHA diet-fed versus control diet-fed mice challenged with HDE. We further report observations on the effects of repetitive HDE exposure on lung Ym1+ and Arg-1+ macrophages. Overall, our findings support a protective role for DHA and identify DHA-derived resolvins and endocannabinoids among the potential mediators of DHA in altering airway inflammation in chronic agricultural dust exposure.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/administración & dosificación , Polvo , Exposición por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/dietoterapia , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/patología , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/metabolismo , Endocannabinoides/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/sangre , Inflamación/dietoterapia , Inflamación/patología , Pulmón/patología , Macrófagos Alveolares/fisiología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Enfermedades Respiratorias/patología , Porcinos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Currently, there is an increase in the resistance of microorganisms to the available arsenal of antimicrobial drugs, which makes it necessary to maintain and stimulate the body's own immune-protective properties. The main extraskeletal effect of vitamin D activity is associated with the homeostasis of the immune system. The role of vitamin D in reducing the risk of infection with infectious agents has been studied for a long time. Literature search on the effective use of vitamin D for immunoprophylaxis was carried out in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov databases over the past 10 years for related keywords: vitamin D, immunoprophylaxis. Vitamin D stimulates the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides, cathelicidins and defensins, which exhibit broad-spectrum activity against viruses, bacteria and fungal infections; reduces the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines; increases the concentration of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D is also involved in cell differentiation, maturation and proliferation of immune cells. The article presents the literature review in order to justify additional intake of vitamin D in case of diagnosis of its deficiency and insufficiency for the purpose of immunoprophylaxis in children and adults, especially in risk groups (elderly age, pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases of respiratory, endocrine and urinary systems, gastrointestinal tract, and infectious diseases). Inclusion of vitamin D in the diet as a dietary supplement, as well as fortification of products with it, can be an effective measure to reduce the risk of both morbidity and mortality, especially during the period of quarantine measures.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos/normas , Alimentos Fortificados/normas , Inmunomodulación , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Animales , Niño , Enfermedad Crónica , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/dietoterapia , Enfermedades del Sistema Endocrino/inmunología , Femenino , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/inmunología , Humanos , Infecciones/diagnóstico , Infecciones/dietoterapia , Infecciones/inmunología , Masculino , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/diagnóstico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/dietoterapia , Complicaciones del Embarazo/inmunología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/inmunología , Vitamina D/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Chronic respiratory diseases compromise oxygenation to a variable degree and cause problems in the use of nutrients, the generation of energy and the use of it by different tissues and organs, with potential damage to respiratory function and non-respiratory systems. The available evidence indicates that both the available energy and some micronutrients, particularly with antioxidant activity, during pregnancy, are key for an adequate lung development and therefore an adequate pulmonary function in preterm infants, infants and older children, particularly if they attend bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, both maternal and fetal malnutrition, as well as deficiencies of certain nutrients and the presence of overweight or obesity in the child, would influence the development of asthma in childhood. With regard to nutritional assistance, correction of nutritional deficit as well as micronutrients are essential in the treatment of diseases such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchiolitis obliterans and asthma. This review aims to establish how nutrition determines the development, evolution and prognosis of these pathologies and the need to consider nutritional assistance in the comprehensive care of these patients.
Las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas comprometen la oxigenación en grado variable y ocasionan problemas en el uso de los nutrientes, la generación de energía y la utilización de ésta por los distintos tejidos y órganos, con potencial daño en la función respiratoria y en los sistemas no respiratorios. La evidencia disponible señala que tanto la energía disponible y algunos micronutrientes, particularmente con actividad antioxidante, durante la gestación, son claves para un adecuado desarrollo pulmonar y por lo tanto una adecuada función pulmonar en prematuros, lactantes y niños mayores, en particular si cursan con displasia broncopulmonar. Sin embargo tanto la desnutrición materna y fetal, como las deficiencias de ciertos nutrientes y la presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad en el niño, influirían en el desarrollo de asma en la infancia. En lo referente a la asistencia nutricional, la corrección del déficit nutricional así como de micronutrientes, es indispensable en el tratamiento de enfermedades como la displasia broncopulmonar, la bronquiolitis obliterante y el asma. Esta revisión pretende establecer cómo la nutrición determina el desarrollo, evolución y pronóstico de estas patologías y la necesidad de considerar la asistencia nutricional en la atención integral de estos pacientes.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Enfermedades Respiratorias/etiología , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
Inflammation is the principal response invoked by the body to address injuries. Despite inflammation constituting a crucial component of tissue repair, it is well known that unchecked or chronic inflammation becomes deleterious, leading to progressive tissue damage. Studies over the past years focused on foods rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, since inflammation was recognized to play a central role in several diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of resveratrol, the most widely investigated polyphenol, on cancer and neurodegenerative, respiratory, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases. We highlight how resveratrol, despite its unfavorable pharmacokinetics, can modulate the inflammatory pathways underlying those diseases, and we identify future opportunities for the evaluation of its clinical feasibility.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacocinética , Estilbenos/administración & dosificación , Estilbenos/farmacocinética , Animales , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Humanos , Inflamación/dietoterapia , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Neoplasias/dietoterapia , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratas , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/tratamiento farmacológico , ResveratrolAsunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/dietoterapia , Síndrome Metabólico/dietoterapia , Neoplasias/dietoterapia , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólico/mortalidad , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Obesidad/mortalidad , Enfermedades Respiratorias/mortalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Airway remodeling (AR) is a prominent feature of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases that is minimally affected by current treatments. The goals of this Official American Thoracic Society (ATS) Research Statement are to discuss the scientific, technological, economic, and regulatory issues that deter progress of AR research and development of therapeutics targeting AR and to propose approaches and solutions to these specific problems. This Statement is not intended to provide clinical practice recommendations on any disease in which AR is observed and/or plays a role. METHODS: An international multidisciplinary group from within academia, industry, and the National Institutes of Health, with expertise in multimodal approaches to the study of airway structure and function, pulmonary research and clinical practice in obstructive lung disease, and drug discovery platforms was invited to participate in one internet-based and one face-to-face meeting to address the above-stated goals. Although the majority of the analysis related to AR was in asthma, AR in other diseases was also discussed and considered in the recommendations. A literature search of PubMed was performed to support conclusions. The search was not a systematic review of the evidence. RESULTS: Multiple conceptual, logistical, economic, and regulatory deterrents were identified that limit the performance of AR research and impede accelerated, intensive development of AR-focused therapeutics. Complementary solutions that leverage expertise of academia and industry were proposed to address them. CONCLUSIONS: To date, numerous factors related to the intrinsic difficulty in performing AR research, and economic forces that are disincentives for the pursuit of AR treatments, have thwarted the ability to understand AR pathology and mechanisms and to address it clinically. This ATS Research Statement identifies potential solutions for each of these factors and emphasizes the importance of educating the global research community as to the extent of the problem as a critical first step in developing effective strategies for: (1) increasing the extent and impact of AR research and (2) developing, testing, and ultimately improving drugs targeting AR.
Asunto(s)
Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias) , Investigación Biomédica , Remodelación de las Vías Aéreas (Respiratorias)/fisiología , Animales , Asma/fisiopatología , Asma/terapia , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/terapiaRESUMEN
Las peculiaridades del pulmón hacen que el soporte nutricional, además de cubrir los requerimientos, pueda modular su respuesta inflamatoria. El pulmón tiene mínima capacidad de almacenar glucosa. Los lípidos son el sustrato energético de elección de los neumocitos tipo II que los utilizan para formar fosfolípidos, componentes esenciales del surfactante. Su síntesis y liberación disminuyen en la lesión pulmonar aguda (LPA). La glutamina es un buen sustrato para las células endoteliales y los neumocitos tipo II. La valoración nutricional de los pacientes con EPOC y SDRA es fundamental dado su alto riesgo nutricional. La calorimetría indirecta evalúa la respuesta del soporte nutricional y ventilatorio, evitando la sobrenutrición. La hipofosfatemia del síndrome de realimentación es frecuente y debe evitarse por la morbilidad que conlleva. En críticos, la desnutrición puede mantener la insuficiencia respiratoria y prolongar el tiempo de ventilación mecánica (VM). En fase de weaning se deberían controlar los aportes de glucosa para evitar la retención de CO2. Fórmulas con un alto cociente grasas/hidratos de carbono no han demostrado una clara utilidad en el paciente EPOC ni en la retirada de la VM. Los pacientes con LPA se benefician del soporte nutricional precoz y del control del aporte de volumen. Las dietas enterales con alto contenido en grasas (EPA, DHA y γ-linolénico) y antioxidantes no han demostrado superioridad. En nutrición parenteral, las emulsiones con mayor contenido de ácidos grasos omega-3 parecen modular positivamente la inflamación y la inmunosupresión. La utilización de glutamina, vitaminas o antioxidantes en estos pacientes podría estar justificada (AU)
Lungs own properties make that nutritional support, besides covering the requirements can modulate its inflammatory response. Lung tissue has a low glucose stock. Fatty acids are the main energy producer of type II pneumocytes, which use them in order to form phospholipids, essential for surfactant whose creation and release decrease in acute lung injury (ALI). Glutamine is a good substratum for endocrine cells and type II pneumocytes. Due to high nutritional risk, it is important its assessments in disorders as COPD and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ADRS). Indirect calorimetry values the effect of ventilation and nutritional support, avoiding overfeeding. Hypophosphatemia and refeeding syndrome are frequent and need to be avoided because of their morbidity. In critically ill patients, malnutrition can lead to respiratory failure and increasing mechanical ventilation time. To avoid hypercapnia in weaning, glucose levels should be controlled. High lipids/carbohydrates ratio do not show usefulness in COPD neither mechanical ventilation removal. ALI patients beneficiate from an early start and the volume administered. Enteral nutrition with high fatty acids ratio (EPA, DHA and γ-linolenic acid) and antioxidants do not show any superiority. Omega-3 fatty acid in parenteral nutrition could modulate inflammation and immunosuppression in a positive manner. The use of glutamine, vitamins or antioxidants in these patients could be justified (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/prevención & control , Desnutrición/complicaciones , Desnutrición/dietoterapia , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/complicaciones , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/dietoterapia , Apoyo Nutricional/métodos , Estado Nutricional/fisiología , Micronutrientes/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Introducción: la rehabilitación de la alimentación por vía oral (RVO) es compleja en pacientes que han recibido nutrición enteral (NE) prolongada. Objetivo: describir este proceso en niños con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas y sonda nasoenteral (SNE) o gastrostomía (GT). Pacientes y métodos: estudio retrospectivo con revisión de registros clínicos de niños con NE mayor a 2 meses, ingresados entre 2005 y 2014 al Hospital Josefina Martínez. Resultados: se incluyeron 116 pacientes, con mediana de edad 10 meses (rango: 3 a 101), 56% hombres. Diagnóstico: 34,5% daño pulmonar crónico postinfeccioso (DPC), 29,3% insufi ciencia respiratoria por enfermedad neuromuscular, 19% displasia broncopulmonar y 17,2% enfermedad de la vía aérea. Con traqueostomía: 82,8%. Eran usuarios de GT 89,7% y de SNG 10,3%, instaladas con mediana de edad 6 meses (0 a 74), por ingesta insufi ciente (11,3%) o trastorno de deglución (88,7%). Del grupo total, 36,2% (42/116) tenía indicación de RVO, los cuales habían recibido NE durante 12,2 meses (2 a 41); de estos 50% (21/42) logró alimentarse exclusivamente por vía oral (91% SNG y 35,4% GT, Chi2 p = 0,023), 14% parcialmente y 36% no lo logró. El tiempo para lograr la vía oral exclusiva fue de 9,75 meses (0,5 a 47), sin diferencia por edad, sexo, vía de acceso, duración NE ni presencia de enfermedad neurológica. Conclusión: en pacientes con enfermedades respiratorias crónicas graves y NE prolongada, la RVO es un proceso lento pero posible: 64% lo logra de modo completo o parcial (AU)
Introduction: The rehabilitation of the oral feeding (ROF) is complex in patients who have received prolonged enteral nutrition (EN). Objective: To describe this process in children with chronic respiratory diseases and nasoenteral tube (NET) or gastrostomy (GT). Patients and methods: Retrospective review of clinical records from children with EN at least for two months, admitted between 2005 and 2014 at the Josefi na Martínez Hospital. Results: 116 patients were included, with median age 10 months (range: 3 to 101), 56% male. Diagnosis: 34.5% Post-infectious chronic lung disease, 29,3% respiratory failure secondary to neuromuscular diseases, 19% bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 17,2% airway diseases, 82.8% of them had tracheostomy. Access: 89.7% gastrostomy and 10.3% NET, installed at median age of 6 months (0 a 74), due to low intake (11.3%) or swallow disorders (88.7%). From the total group, 36.2% (42/116) had ROF indication, whose EN length was 12.2 months (2 to 41). Fifty% (21/42) of them achieved total oral feeding (91% SNE and 35.4% GT, Chi2 p = 0.023), 14% partially and 36% failed. The time to achieve total oral feeding was 9.75 months (0.5 to 47), with no difference by age, sex, feeding route, EN duration or presence of neurological disease. Conclusion: In patients with chronic respiratory diseases and long-term enteral nutrition, ROF is possible but slow: 64% achieved it total or partially (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , 52503/educación , 24439 , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Nutrición Enteral/normas , Nutrición Enteral/tendencias , Enfermedades Respiratorias/complicaciones , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Trastornos de Deglución/dietoterapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Administradores de Registros Médicos/normas , Administradores de Registros Médicos , Registros de Dieta , Gastrostomía/métodos , GastrostomíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Prolonged exercise, such as marathon running, has been associated with an increase in respiratory mucosal inflammation. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the effects of Montmorency cherry juice on markers of stress, immunity and inflammation following a Marathon. METHODS: Twenty recreational Marathon runners consumed either cherry juice (CJ) or placebo (PL) before and after a Marathon race. Markers of mucosal immunity secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), salivary cortisol, inflammation (CRP) and self-reported incidence and severity of upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS) were measured before and following the race. RESULTS: All variables except secretory IgA and IgG concentrations in saliva showed a significant time effect (P <0.01). Serum CRP showed a significant interaction and treatment effect (P < 0.01). The CRP increase at 24 and 48 h post-Marathon was lower (P < 0.01) in the CJ group compared to PL group. Mucosal immunity and salivary cortisol showed no interaction effect or treatment effect. The incidence and severity of URTS was significantly greater than baseline at 24 h and 48 h following the race in the PL group and was also greater than the CJ group (P < 0.05). No URTS were reported in the CJ group whereas 50 % of runners in the PL group reported URTS at 24 h and 48 h post-Marathon. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study that provides encouraging evidence of the potential role of Montmorency cherries in reducing the development of URTS post-Marathon possibly caused by exercise-induced hyperventilation trauma, and/or other infectious and non-infectious factors.
Asunto(s)
Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Prunus avium , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Carrera , Estrés Fisiológico , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Incidencia , Inflamación/dietoterapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resistencia Física , Proyectos Piloto , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Respiratory diseases are associated with pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Though studies in animal models suggest that dietary polyphenols improve lung injury, no intervention studies were carried out in humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether the intake of an anthocyanin-rich maqui extract improved H2O2 and IL-6 concentrations in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) from asymptomatic smokers. FINDINGS: 15 asymptomatic smokers with mild cigarette smoking (3 pack-year [2.4 - 7.7]) (mean [CI95%]) were recruited in this exploratory longitudinal study. They ingested 2 g of maqui extract (polyphenol content = 5.18 ± 2.00 g GAE/100 g; FRAP value = 27.1 ± 2.0 mmol Fe(++)/100 g), twice daily for two weeks. EBCs were collected before and after treatment and the changes in H2O2 and IL-6 concentrations were determined by fluorimetry and Elisa, respectively. The EBC contents of H2O2 and IL-6 H2O2 before and after treatment in smokers were also compared with those determined in single EBC samples from 8 healthy non-smokers subjects. At baseline, the H2O2 concentrations were higher and those of IL-6 lower in the smokers than in the non-smokers. Maqui extract significantly decreased H2O2 (p < 0.0002) and increased IL-6 (p < 0.004) in the EBC from smokers. The EBC concentrations of H2O2 and IL-6 after maqui administration did not differ between smokers and non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Maqui extract normalizes IL-6 and H2O2 concentrations in EBC from humans with mild smoking habits. If confirmed, these results suggest that dietary polyphenols might be considered as an interesting alternative for the dietary management of respiratory disorders.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/farmacología , Frutas/química , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Fumar/efectos adversos , Adulto , Antocianinas/administración & dosificación , Pruebas Respiratorias/métodos , Espiración/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación/dietoterapia , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/sangre , Enfermedades Respiratorias/inmunología , Fumar/sangre , Fumar/inmunología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is comprised of aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) sensitivity, bronchial asthma, and nasal polyposis. Treatment of this condition is challenging and may include topical/systemic steroids, endoscopic sinus surgery, and/or aspirin desensitization. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective crossover pilot study (n = 10) was conducted in which patients were randomized into either of 2 groups with 6 weeks of regular diet (R) or 6 weeks of a low salicylate diet (LS). SETTING: The study was conducted in a tertiary otolaryngology clinic. SUBJECTS: Patients with AERD were enrolled in the study. METHODS: Subjective (Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 [SNOT-22], Nasal Sinus Symptom Scale [NSSS], and the Asthma Control Questionnaire-7 [ACQ-7]) and objective outcome instruments (Peri-Operative Sinus Evaluation [POSE] and Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic Score [LKES]) were used to evaluate patients at baseline, 6 weeks (at crossover), and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Wilcoxon rank sum tests demonstrated that patients on the low salicylate diet had improved scores compared to their regular diet when evaluated by 4 of the 5 outcome measures (SNOT-22 pLS = 0.0059, NSSS pLS = 0.0195, LKES pLS = 0.0039, POSE pLS = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Results of the pilot study indicate that implementation of a low salicylate diet improves the nasal symptoms and nasal endoscopy findings of individuals with AERD. Further research is required to support these findings.
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Aspirina/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Salicilatos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Asma/inducido químicamente , Asma/complicaciones , Estudios Cruzados , Desensibilización Inmunológica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pólipos Nasales/inducido químicamente , Pólipos Nasales/complicaciones , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Prospectivos , Rinitis/inducido químicamente , Rinitis/complicaciones , Método Simple Ciego , Sinusitis/inducido químicamente , Sinusitis/complicacionesRESUMEN
Increasing evidence suggests that intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially omega-3 LCPUFA, improves respiratory health early in life. This review summarizes publications from 2009 through July 2012 that evaluated effects of fish, fish oil or LCPUFA intake during pregnancy, lactation, and early postnatal years on allergic and infectious respiratory illnesses. Studies during pregnancy found inconsistent effects in offspring: two showed no effects and three showed protective effects of omega-3 LCPUFA on respiratory illnesses or atopic dermatitis. Two studies found that infants fed breast milk with higher omega-3 LCPUFA had reduced allergic manifestations. Earlier introduction of fish improved respiratory health or reduced allergy in four studies. Three randomized controlled trials showed that providing LCPUFA during infancy or childhood reduced allergy and/or respiratory illness while one found no effect. Potential explanations for the variability among studies and possible mechanisms of action for LCPUFA in allergy and respiratory disease are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/uso terapéutico , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Animales , Asma/dietoterapia , Lactancia Materna , Niño , Preescolar , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Alimentos Infantiles/análisis , Recién Nacido , Leche Humana/química , Embarazo , Fenómenos Fisiologicos de la Nutrición Prenatal , Rinitis/dietoterapiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Strenuous exercise significantly increases the incidence of upper respiratory tract illness (URTI) caused by transient immune dysfunction. Naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds present in food such as nonalcoholic beer (NAB) have strong antioxidant, antipathogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties.The objective of this study was to determine whether ingestion of NAB polyphenols for 3 wk before and 2 wk after a marathon would attenuate postrace inflammation and decrease URTI incidence. METHODS: Healthy male runners (N = 277, age = 42 ± 9 yr) were randomly assigned to 1-1.5 L · d(-1) of NAB or placebo (PL) beverage (double-blind design) for 3 wk before and 2 wk after the Munich Marathon. Blood samples were collected 4 and 1 wk before the race and immediately and 24 and 72 h after the race and analyzed for inflammation measures (interleukin-6 and total blood leukocyte counts). URTI rates, assessed by the Wisconsin Upper Respiratory Symptom Survey, were compared between groups during the 2-wk period after the race. RESULTS: Change in interleukin-6 was significantly reduced in NAB compared with PL immediately after the race (median (interquartile range) = 23.9 (15.9-38.7) vs 31.6 (18.5-53.3) ng · L(-1), P = 0.03). Total blood leukocyte counts were also reduced in NAB versus PL by approximately 20% immediately and 24 h after the race (P = 0.02). Incidence of URTI was 3.25-fold lower (95% confidence interval = 1.38-7.66) (P = 0.007) in NAB compared with PL during the 2-wk postmarathon period. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of 1-1.5 L · d(-1) of NAB for 3 wk before and 2 wk after marathon competition reduces postrace inflammation and URTI incidence.
Asunto(s)
Cerveza , Inflamación/dietoterapia , Polifenoles/administración & dosificación , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Adulto , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Incidencia , Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Respiratorias/epidemiología , Enfermedades Respiratorias/prevención & control , CarreraAsunto(s)
Probióticos/farmacología , Cuidados Críticos , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/dietoterapia , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/dietoterapia , Terapia Nutricional , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Atención Perioperativa , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapiaAsunto(s)
Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Administración Oral , Adulto , Niño , Preescolar , Método Doble Ciego , Humanos , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Metaanálisis como Asunto , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
Complementary and alternative medicine is used commonly for respiratory diseases. This review summarizes data that identify potential links between dietary intake and asthma, and results of interventional trials of herbal substances for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute bronchitis.
Asunto(s)
Terapias Complementarias/métodos , Enfermedades Respiratorias/terapia , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Asma/dietoterapia , Asma/terapia , Bronquitis/dietoterapia , Bronquitis/terapia , Suplementos Dietéticos , Medicina de Hierbas/métodos , Humanos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/dietoterapia , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/terapia , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapia , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The lungs are continually exposed to relatively-high O(2) tensions, and as such, in comparison with other organs, they represent a unique tissue for the damaging effects of oxidant attack. At particular times during a lifetime this every day challenge may increase exponentially. The first oxidative insult occurs at birth, when cells are exposed to a sudden 5-fold increase in O(2) concentration. Thereafter, the human lung, from infancy through to old age, can be subjected to deleterious oxidative events as a consequence of inhaling environmental pollutants or irritants, succumbing to several pulmonary diseases (including infant and adult respiratory distress syndromes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis and cancer) and receiving treatment for these diseases. The present paper will review the concept that consumption of a healthy diet and the consequent ability to establish and then maintain adequate micronutrient antioxidant concentrations in the lung throughout life, and following various oxidative insults, could prevent or reduce the incidence of oxidant-mediated respiratory diseases. Furthermore, the rationale, practicalities and complexities of boosting the antioxidant pool of the respiratory-tract lining fluid in diseases in which oxidative stress is actively involved, by direct application to the lung v. dietary modification, in order to achieve a therapeutic effect will be discussed.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/fisiología , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Dieta , Enfermedades Respiratorias/prevención & control , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Necesidades Nutricionales , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedades Respiratorias/dietoterapiaRESUMEN
The effectiveness of a recovery complex optimization in conditions of the sanatorium-resort rehabilitation of patients with chronic pathology by provision of the dietotherapy ration balance on nutrients, the use of natural (of the plant raw material cryopowders in the form of teas and tableted forms) and the "Centrum" synthetic vitamin-mineral complexes, probiotics was substantiated and demonstrated.