Complications between ventral and lateral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy in dogs with sialocele.

OBJECTIVE: To compare complications of dogs treated with mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy for sialocele using a lateral (LAT) or ventral paramedian (VPM) approach. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective multicenter study. ANIMALS: Dogs (140) with mandibular and sublingual sialocele. METHODS: Medical records of dogs that underwent mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy through a LAT or VPM approach from 2004 to 2020 were reviewed. Clinical and histopathological findings were analyzed to compare the groups. RESULTS: Seventy dogs were included in each group. The most represented breed was crossbreed (26%), and males (99/140 [71%], intact/neutered) were overrepresented. Dogs in the VPM approach group were more likely to undergo digastricus tunnelization and placement of a drain or a bandage. Dogs in the LAT approach group were heavier and more likely to undergo excision of an inflammatory pseudocapsule. No difference was detected in complication rates between groups (LAT [20%], VPM [31%], P = .116). Recurrences were more likely after LAT approach (5/70 vs 0/70, respectively; P = .029), whereas wound-related complications were more likely after VPM approach (20/70 vs 9/70, respectively; P = .018). Prolonged duration of surgery was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, and none of the other variables affected the complication rate. CONCLUSION: Ventral paramedian approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy was associated with a lower risk of recurrence but a higher risk of wound-related complications compared with LAT approach. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Ventral paramedian approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy may be preferred to reduce recurrence in dogs with sialoceles, but wound-related complications are common.

A case of acute postoperative transitory sialadenosis of the submandibular glands in a healthy dog.

A 1-year-old healthy female cross-breed dog, weighing 4.5 kg, was scheduled for elective neutering. Fentanyl (5 µg/kg) and propofol (4 mg/kg) were administered intravenously (IV) to induce anesthesia, which was maintained with isoflurane and a constant fentanyl infusion rate (10 µg/kg/hr). During the recovery from the anesthesia, the presence of bilateral dense submandibular masses was recognized, as was the excessive secretion of saliva. An ultrasound examination was performed and revealed bilateral abnormally-diffused enlargement of the submandibular salivary glands. A cytology examination was conducted, and no signs of abnormality were found. The size of the swellings subsequently diminished, completely subsiding after 2 hr, as did the hyper-salivation. To the authors' knowledge, this represents the first case report of an acute transient swelling of submandibular glands after general anesthesia in a dog.

Canine Trichomonas tenax mandibular gland infestation.

BACKGROUND: Several species of trichomonads are intestinal or urogenital parasites of humans and animals, with only a few species typically being located in the oral cavity. The prevalence of oral trichomoniasis in dogs is approximately 15-25 %, although the prevalence varies among different populations and depends on age, sex and the health of the oral cavity. CASE PRESENTATION: A case of mandibular gland infestation by trichomonads in a 13-year-old female Dachshund with advanced periodontal disease and oral trichomoniasis is reported. The dog was referred due to a history of a painless swelling over the left submandibular region that increased in size over time. Based on physical and ultrasound examinations, a final diagnosis of mandibular gland cyst was established and transcutaneous needle aspiration was carried out. Numerous mobile trophozoites of trichomonads were found by microscopy and culturing for trichomonas was performed. The species was finally characterized as Trichomonas tenax by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. CONCLUSIONS: Studies have shown that T. tenax can be found in humans in atypical locations such as the salivary glands and upper and lower respiratory tracts. According to our knowledge this is the first report of T. tenax being present in the salivary glands of a dog. Because of the relatively high prevalence of trichomoniasis in dogs with periodontal diseases, these parasites should be considered together with bacterial and viral agents in salivary gland infections, especially in individuals with compromised oral health.

Granulomatous giant cell submandibular sialadenitis in a dog.

A 4-month-old dog was presented with a progressive swelling of the submandibular area. The history, course, cytological, and sialographic findings were consistent with an aseptic pyogranulomatous sialadenitis with concurrent duct blockage. This rare entity, responsive to medical treatment, appears to be similar to the granulomatous giant cell sialadenitis of humans.

Sialadénite submandibulaire à cellules géantes granulomateuses chez un chien. Un chien âgé de quatre mois a été présenté avec une enflure progressive de la région submandibulaire. L'anamnèse, l'évolution, les résultats cytologiques et sialographiques étaient conformes à une sialadénite pyogranulomateuse avec un blocage concomitant des canaux.. Cette entité rare, qui a réagi au traitement médical, semble être semblable à la sialadénite à cellules géantes granulomateuses des humains.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).

Sublingual salivary gland sialolithiasis in a dog.

A case of sialolithiasis of the sublingual/mandibular salivary gland and duct complex in a dog was reported. Sialoadenectomy of the ipsilateral glands successfully treated the associated sialocele.

Mandibular and sublingual sialocoeles in the dog: a retrospective evaluation of 41 cases, using the ventral approach for treatment.

AIMS: To review results of the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy for the treatment of sialocoeles associated with the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands in the dog, and to determine rates of recurrence and complication following this procedure. METHODS: Thirty-nine dogs with 41 sialocoeles that underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively evaluated with respect to signalment, aetiology, location of sialocoeles, duration of clinical signs, treatment prior to referral, post-operative use of antibiotics and drains, complications, and recurrence. RESULTS: The mean age at the time of surgery was 5.1 (SD 3.8) years, and duration of clinical signs 6.6 (SD 10.6) months. Long-term follow-up was available for 31 dogs; the minimum was 8 months and mean 47.7 (SD 25.8) months post-surgery. There was no recurrence of sialocoeles following the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy. Postoperatively, 6/35 (17%) cases developed a seroma at the surgical site. No breed or sex predisposition was determined. The cause of the sialocoele was unknown in 36/41 (88%) cases. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Excellent clinical results were achieved with a low rate of complications using the ventral approach for mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy. The ventral approach is recommended to minimise the risk of recurrence of sialocoeles.

Idiopathic salivary gland enlargement (sialadenosis) in dogs: a microscopic study.

A histological, histochemical and morphometric study was performed on submandibular salivary glands from 13 dogs which had presented with a submandibular mass or swelling that proved to be a portion of non-inflammatory and non-neoplastic submandibular salivary gland. There were no consistent changes in lectin-binding histochemistry or immunohistochemical expression of various cell markers, and, in most cases, there was no measurable difference in acinar size in the affected gland. The possible explanation for the clinical salivary gland enlargement is therefore unclear.

Submandibular and disseminated zygomycosis (mucormycosis) in feeder pigs.

Submandibular and/or disseminated zygomycosis (mucormycosis) was diagnosed in 3 feeder pigs from 2 farrow-to-finish farms. Affected pigs were stunted and unthrifty. Each pig had a large unilateral submandibular granuloma replacing the mandibular lymph node on the affected side. Two pigs had disseminated lesions. One had an abscess on the serosa of the stomach; another had abscesses scattered throughout the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes. Impression smears were made of several masses and stained with blue-black ink. Examination of smears by light microscopy revealed coarse, infrequently septate, irregularly branching, mucoraceous fungi typical of a Zygomycete. Histologic examination of the submandibular masses revealed granulomas containing large numbers of mixed inflammatory cells, including giant cells. Mesenteric lymph nodes and liver abscesses had necrotic cores surrounded by fibrous capsules infiltrated by mixed inflammatory cells. Hyphae of a mucoraceous fungus were scattered throughout all masses. The 2 pigs submitted alive had marked serum hypoproteinemia, including hypoglobulinemia.