Adrenal gland disorders, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2002-2017.

During 2002-2017, the most common incident adrenal gland disorder among male and female service members was adrenal insufficiency and the least common was adrenomedullary hyperfunction. Adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed among 267 females (crude overall incidence rate: 8.2 cases per 100,000 person-years [p-yrs]) and 729 males (3.9 per 100,000 p-yrs). In both sexes, overall rates of other disorders of adrenal gland and Cushing's syndrome were lower than for adrenal insufficiency but higher than for hyperaldosteronism, adrenogenital disorders, and adrenomedullary hyperfunction. Crude overall rates of adrenal gland disorders among females tended to be higher than those of males, with female:male rate ratios ranging from 2.1 for adrenal insufficiency to 5.5 for adrenogenital disorders and Cushing's syndrome. The highest overall rates of adrenal insufficiency for males and females were among non-Hispanic white service members. Among females, rates of Cushing's syndrome and other disorders of adrenal gland were higher among non-Hispanic white service members compared with those in other race/ethnicity groups. In both sexes, the annual rates of adrenal insufficiency and other disorders of adrenal gland increased slightly during the 16-year period.

Adrenal insufficiency complicated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

We describe a 69-year-old woman with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage complicated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). She was hospitalized with nausea and vomiting in September 2003. Laboratory data demonstrated hyponatremia, hypoglycemia and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Abdominal computed tomography showed bilateral adrenal enlargement. In October 2003, she demonstrated altered mental status with progressive hyponatremia, a high level of ACTH, and a low level of serum cortisol. She also showed thrombocytopenia, anti-cardiolipin IgG antibody, anti-beta2GPI antibody, and lupus anticoagulants. After four months, anti-cardiolipin IgG antibody was still positive. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed as having APS complicated with adrenal insufficiency due to hemorrhagic infarction. After treatment with corticosteroid, a low dose of aspirin and normal saline infusion, her condition quickly improved. Platelet counts and aPTT were also normalized. To our knowledge, this is the second Japanese case of APS complicated with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage. APS should be considered an important underlying cause of adrenal insufficiency.

Adrenal calcification and congenital nephrotic syndrome in three American Indians.

Two Pima and one Papago Indian infants with congenital nephrosis and adrenal calcifications are described. All developed anasarca early and none had an explanation for the adrenal calcification.