RESUMEN
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a shrub used to treat hepatic, intestinal, renal, respiratory, and reproductive failures. Etoposide a plant-based compound derived from Podophyllum pelltatum, has been used for human malignancies treatment. However, it induces testis, and hepatic failures. In the present study, impact of rosemary essential oil against testis failure, lipid parameters, and hepatic enzymes in male rats has been studied. Forty male Wistar albino rats were grouped in a completely randomized design with Etoposide injection (ETO), rosemary supplementation (ROS), with Etoposide injection and rosemary supplement (ETO+ROS), and control rats with no Etoposide injection and no rosemary (CON). The experiment lasted for seven consecutive weeks including one week as acclimatization time. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were analyzed for serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), total Protein (TP), glucose (GLU) and testosterone. The left testis was harvested for histological examination. Results showed that rats with Etoposide injection had higher ALT, AST, and ALP the control rats. No significant difference was found among treatments in terms of glucose concentration in blood. Rosemary supplemntaion decreased cholesterol and TG concentration and increased HDL concentration in male rats. Furthermore, administration of rosemary essential oil increased blood testosterone but decreased ALT and AST. The epithelial height of seminiferous tubules was decreased significantly in ET as compared with CON. Rosemary essential oil lessened the adverse effect of Etopside on epithelial height in rat testis as it is shown in ET+ROS. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of rosemary essential oil alleviated liver toxicity and functional testis damage induced by Etopside.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos , Aceites Volátiles , Rosmarinus , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Colesterol/metabolismo , Colesterol/farmacología , Etopósido/farmacología , Etopósido/toxicidad , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucosa/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas Wistar , Rosmarinus/química , Testículo/metabolismo , Testículo/patología , Testosterona/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Scrotal calcinosis is a rare disorder characterized by multiple papules or nodules of calcification in the scrotal skin. The pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. The condition presents as several brown to yellowish asymptomatic nodules on the scrotum. Excision followed by scrotal reconstruction is the treatment of choice. It leaves a good cosmetic result with low chances of recurrence. Newer treatments, such as ablative lasers, have been proposed with very good results. We describe the case of a 28-year-old patient with a history of severe acne treated with oral isotretinoin that presented for scrotal nodules. On laboratory examination, hypercalcemia was found with normal phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D hormone levels. Hypercalcemia was linked to his isotretinoin therapy. Serum calcium concentrations normalized after cessation of isotretinoin and hydration. Because the patient refused surgery, a biopsy of the lesion confirmed the diagnosis of scrotal calcinosis. Then the patient was referred to a cosmetic laser center to treat his condition.
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Calcinosis , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos , Hipercalcemia , Adulto , Calcinosis/inducido químicamente , Calcinosis/diagnóstico , Calcio , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hipercalcemia/patología , Isotretinoína/efectos adversos , Masculino , Hormona Paratiroidea , Fósforo , Escroto/patología , Escroto/cirugía , Vitamina DRESUMEN
Introduction and Objectives: Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a complex disease with multiorgan manifestations, some of which are still poorly understood, such as genitourinary manifestations. The objective of this article is to review these genitourinary manifestations. Material and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study on the genitourinary manifestations described in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity is performed, based on a systematic review of the literature between February 1956 and December 2020, consulting the Medline/PubMed database and the Google search engine. Descriptive statistics of the variables studied were performed with frequency and percentage for qualitative variables and median and range (minimum-maximum value) for quantitative variables. Results: We reviewed the originals or abstracts of 3450 articles on MCS, including 461 on symptoms (13.3%) and selecting 40 (1.1%) that referred to genitourinary pathologies or symptoms and corresponded to 19 reviews, 14 articles on case reports (11 clinical cases and 3 series), 5 books with case reports, 1 consensus document and 1 update. The number of patients with MCS studied in these 40 articles was 4556 of whom 303 presented genitourinary symptoms (6.6%), and corresponded to 277 women (91.4%) and 27 men (8.6%) with a mean age of 39.4 years, range (7-82 years). There were 119 different genitourinary symptoms or pathologies with 170 citations which in frequency were 77 for gynecological symptoms (45.3%) in 28 publications (70%), 62 for urological symptoms (36.5%) in 29 publications (72.5%), 18 for sexological symptoms (10.6%) in 8 publications (20%) and 13 for andrological symptoms (7.6%) in 5 publications (12.5%). Conclusions: Genitourinary manifestations of MCS are rare and predominantly in women (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Sensibilidad Química Múltiple , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Estudios RetrospectivosAsunto(s)
Clobetasol/efectos adversos , Erupciones por Medicamentos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico , Glucocorticoides/efectos adversos , Piel/patología , Adulto , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Erupciones por Medicamentos/patología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Muslo/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from topical medication often occurs in occluded areas, for example, with wound treatment, but also in certain body locations, such as the anogenital area. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the demographics and specific lesion location of patients with ACD from topical drugs applied onto the (peri)anal/genital area, and to identify the respective causal topical pharmaceutical products and ingredients involved. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 10, 2018, 532 patients were tested with the baseline series, sometimes with additional series, and the topical medication used along with the ingredients. The relevant data were extracted from our electronic databases developed in-house. RESULTS: Forty-four patients (9%) out of 473 patients suffering from lesions in the (peri)anal/genital area had positive patch test results to topical drug preparations and/or their ingredients, sometimes in association with cosmetics for intimate hygiene. The most frequent sensitizing active principles were local anaesthetics and corticosteroids, while wool alcohols and to a minor extent benzoic acid were the most frequent culprits among the vehicle components and preservative agents, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The local conditions (eg, occlusion, sweating, moist) in the anogenital area may favour skin sensitization to topical medication used to treat various skin diseases.
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Corticoesteroides/efectos adversos , Anestésicos Locales/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Ano/inducido químicamente , Cosméticos/efectos adversos , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Ácido Benzoico/efectos adversos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Higiene , Lactante , Lanolina/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conservadores Farmacéuticos/efectos adversos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients (EMPA-REG Outcome), empagliflozin, in addition to standard of care, significantly reduced risk of cardiovascular death by 38%, hospitalization for heart failure by 35%, and incident or worsening nephropathy by 39% compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Using EMPA-REG Outcome data, we assessed whether the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD classification had an influence on the treatment effect of empagliflozin. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: Patients with type 2 diabetes, established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and eGFR≥30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at screening were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo once daily in addition to standard of care. Post hoc, we analyzed cardiovascular and kidney outcomes, and safety, using the two-dimensional KDIGO classification framework. RESULTS: Of 6952 patients with baseline eGFR and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio values, 47%, 29%, 15%, and 8% were classified into low, moderately increased, high, and very high KDIGO risk categories, respectively. Empagliflozin showed consistent risk reductions across KDIGO categories for cardiovascular outcomes (P values for treatment by subgroup interactions ranged from 0.26 to 0.85) and kidney outcomes (P values for treatment by subgroup interactions ranged from 0.16 to 0.60). In all KDIGO risk categories, placebo and empagliflozin had similar adverse event rates, the notable exception being genital infection events, which were more common with empagliflozin for each category. CONCLUSIONS: The observed effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on cardiovascular and kidney outcomes were consistent across the KDIGO risk categories, indicating that the effect of treatment benefit of empagliflozin was unaffected by baseline CKD status. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER: EMPA-REG OUTCOME, NCT01131676.
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Compuestos de Bencidrilo/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucósidos/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/clasificación , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/fisiopatología , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/uso terapéutico , Síndrome de Adams-Stokes/etiología , Anciano , Albuminuria/orina , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/efectos adversos , Creatinina/orina , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Glucósidos/efectos adversos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/etiología , Hospitalización , Humanos , Infecciones/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Placebos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/efectos adversosRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Gangrena de Fournier/inducido químicamente , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/efectos adversos , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/etiología , Gangrena de Fournier/patología , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/patología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/patologíaRESUMEN
Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ertugliflozin across racial groups in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods: Pooled analysis of data from randomized, double-blind studies in the ertugliflozin phase III development program. Seven placebo- and comparator-controlled studies were used to assess safety (N = 4859) and three placebo-controlled studies were used to assess efficacy (N = 1544). Least-squares (LS) mean change from baseline was calculated for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Safety evaluation included overall and prespecified adverse events (AEs).Results: At Week 26, ertugliflozin provided a greater reduction in HbA1c, body weight and SBP versus placebo in all racial subgroups. The placebo-adjusted LS mean change (95% confidence interval) from baseline in HbA1c was -0.8% (-1.0, -0.7) and -1.0% (-1.1, -0.8) with ertugliflozin 5 mg and 15 mg, respectively, in the White subgroup, -0.7% (-1.2, -0.2) and -0.8% (-1.3, -0.3) in the Black subgroup, and -0.8% (-1.1, -0.5) and -1.0% (-1.3, -0.8) in the Asian subgroup. The incidences of overall AEs, serious AEs and AEs leading to discontinuation from study medication were similar between the ertugliflozin 5 mg, 15 mg and non-ertugliflozin groups within each racial subgroup. The incidence of female genital mycotic infection (GMI) was higher with ertugliflozin than non-ertugliflozin across all racial subgroups. The incidence of male GMI was higher with ertugliflozin than non-ertugliflozin in the White sub-group; however, there were few male GMI events in the non-White subgroups.Conclusions: In patients with T2DM, treatment with ertugliflozin improved HbA1c, body weight and SBP across all racial subgroups. Ertugliflozin had a generally similar safety profile across racial subgroups and was generally well tolerated. Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT01986855, NCT01999218, NCT01958671, NCT02099110, NCT02036515, NCT02033889, and NCT02226003.
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Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Población Negra , Compuestos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos con Puentes/efectos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etnología , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Micosis/inducido químicamente , Población BlancaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades del Ano/inducido químicamente , Erupciones por Medicamentos/etiología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Isotretinoína/efectos adversos , Mucositis/inducido químicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Dispareunia/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Hemorragia/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Isotretinoína/farmacología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glándulas Sebáceas/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is commonly used as antineoplastic and immunosuppressant drug with noticeable gonadotoxic profile. Nerolidol (NER) is a sesquiterpene with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, the present study was designed to explore its possible gonadal protective potential against cyclophosphamide-induced testicular, epididymal, seminal and spermatozoal toxicities. Animals were divided into five groups: control (normal saline for 14 days), treatment group (NER 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o) for 14 days along with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg, i.p) on 7th day, toxic and Per se groups (cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg i.p) on 7th day and NER 400 mg/kg for 14 days respectively. Animals were sacrificed on the 15 day, and body weight, weight of reproductive organs, testosterone level, sperm count, biochemical parameters, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in the testes, epididymis and in the serum. CP administration induced oxidative stress, nitrative stress, inflammation, reduced testosterone level, sperm count, increased expression of MPO and caused histological aberrations in the testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles. CP caused reduced sperm count, sperm motility and testosterone level which got reversed upon treatment with nerolidol in a dose-dependent manner. Nerolidol thus acted as a gonadoprotective molecule and prevented the gonadotoxicity of CP.
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Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/efectos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/prevención & control , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapéutico , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Epidídimo/efectos de los fármacos , Epidídimo/metabolismo , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Testículo/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Acute necrotizing pancreatitis represents a severe form of acute pancreatitis, characterized by pancreatic collections and necrosis of the pancreas and surrounding tissues. It is associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Scrotal swelling is a rare complication of acute necrotizing pancreatitis due to the extension of pancreatic necrotic masses involving the inguinal canal and scrotum. We report a case of scrotal swelling as the first sign of unrecognized severe necrotizing pancreatitis with a fatal outcome.
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Absceso/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/patología , Escroto/patología , Absceso/complicaciones , Resultado Fatal , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/complicaciones , Pancreatitis Aguda Necrotizante/cirugíaRESUMEN
Bullous fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a severe reaction due to drug intake and requires specific management in dermatology. The sites of predilection are the lips, trunk, genitalia, and perineal area. The aim of our study was to assess the features and outcomes of bullous FDE with genital involvement through a retrospective study of 18 years (2000-2017) conducted in the Dermatology Department of Habib Thameur Hospital. Ten patients were included in the study. The ratio of men to women was 6.4. The mean age of the patients was 46.3 years. The most frequently affected genital site in men was the glans penis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most frequent drugs associated with genital bullous FDE, followed by paracetamol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Residual hyperpigmentation of the genitals was not observed in our patients. Genital involvement in bullous FDE is more frequent in men.
Asunto(s)
Vesícula/inducido químicamente , Erupciones por Medicamentos/etiología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antibacterianos/efectos adversos , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/efectos adversos , Niño , Preescolar , Erupciones por Medicamentos/patología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/patología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Membrana Mucosa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Objective: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) exert cardiorenal protection in people with diabetes. By inducing glycosuria, SGLT2i predispose to genital infections. In addition, rare occurrence of Fournier's gangrene (FG) has been reported. We aimed to investigate such association through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adverse event (AE) reporting system (FAERS). Research design and methods: We mined the FAERS up to 2018q3 (before FDA warning about SGLT2i-associated FG) to retrieve reports including FG as an AE and SGLT2i as suspect or concomitant drugs, and calculated proportional reporting ratios (PRR). Results: We retrieved 47 cases of FG and 17 cases of other severe AEs of the genital area associated with SGLT2i. Patients with FG were ~10 years older than those with other severe genital AEs. Overall, 77% occurred in men. Three patients were concomitantly treated with systemic immunosuppressive drugs. Increased reporting frequency emerged for SGLT2i compared with other drugs, with a PRR ranging from 5 to 10. The disproportional reporting of FG with SGLT2i remained robust and consistently significant when restricting to the period when SGLT2i were available, to reports filed for glucose-lowering medications or for drugs with the diabetes indication, and after refining the definition of FG. FG was disproportionally associated with psoriasis and with the combination of immunosuppressants and SGLT2i. Conclusions: Although causality cannot be demonstrated, SGLT2i may predispose to FG and other severe genital AEs. Since the use of SGLT2i is expected to increase significantly, clinicians should be aware of these severe, although rare, AEs and their predisposing factors.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/etiología , Gangrena de Fournier/inducido químicamente , Farmacovigilancia , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/efectos adversos , Sistema Urogenital/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/análisis , Glucemia/análisis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gangrena de Fournier/patología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/patología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/patología , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Transportador 2 de Sodio-Glucosa/químicaAsunto(s)
Extravasación de Materiales Terapéuticos y Diagnósticos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/diagnóstico , Hipertermia Inducida/efectos adversos , Escroto , Úlcera/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Cutánea , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias del Apéndice/tratamiento farmacológico , Dimetilsulfóxido/uso terapéutico , Extravasación de Materiales Terapéuticos y Diagnósticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Extravasación de Materiales Terapéuticos y Diagnósticos/patología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mitomicina/efectos adversos , Úlcera/inducido químicamente , Úlcera/tratamiento farmacológico , Úlcera/patologíaRESUMEN
AIMS: The objective of the study was to quantify the association between SGLT2 inhibitors and genital mycotic infection and between SGLT2 inhibitors and urinary tract infection (UTI) within 30 days of drug initiation among older women and men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases of women and men with diabetes, aged 66 years or older, in Ontario, Canada. We compared the incidence of genital mycotic infection or UTI within 30 days between new users of an SGLT2 inhibitor and of a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor. RESULTS: We identified 21 444 incident users of SGLT2 inhibitor and 22 463 incident users of DPP4 inhibitor. Among SGLT2 inhibitor users, there were 8848 (41%) women and the mean age at index was 71.8 ± 5 (SD) years. After adjusting for propensity score, age, sex and recent UTI, there was a 2.47-fold increased risk of genital mycotic infection with incident use of SGLT2 inhibitors (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.08-2.92; P < 0.001) within 30 days compared to incident use of DPP4 inhibitors. For UTI, the adjusted HR was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.78-1.00; P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Incident use of SGLT2 inhibitors among older women and men is associated with increased risk of genital mycotic infections within 30 days; there is no associated increased risk of UTI. These findings from a real-world setting provide evidence of the potential harms of SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/epidemiología , Micosis/epidemiología , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/efectos adversos , Infecciones Urinarias/epidemiología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Femenino , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Micosis/inducido químicamente , Estudios Retrospectivos , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores del Cotransportador de Sodio-Glucosa 2/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Urinarias/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
Both membrane and nuclear fractions of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) mediate 17ß-estradiol (E2) actions. Mice expressing nuclear (n)ESR1 but lacking membrane (m)ESR1 (nuclear-only estrogen receptor 1 [NOER] mice) show reduced E2 responsivity and reproductive abnormalities culminating in adult male and female infertility. Using this model, we investigated whether reproductive pathologies caused by the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) are mitigated by mESR1 ablation. Homozygous and heterozygous wild-type (WT and HET, respectively) and NOER male and female mice were subcutaneously injected with DES (1 mg/kg body weight [BW]) or vehicle daily from postnatal day (PND) 1-5. Uterine histology was assessed in select DES-treated females at PND 5, whereas others were ovariectomized at PND 60 and treated with E2 (10 µg/kg BW) or vehicle 2 weeks later. Neonatal DES exposure resulted in ovary-independent epithelial proliferation in the vagina and uterus of WT but not NOER females. Neonatal DES treatment also induced ovary-independent adult expression of classical E2-induced transcripts (e.g., lactoferrin [Ltf] and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 [Ezh2]) in WT but not NOER mice. At PND 90, DES-treated WT and HET males showed smaller testes and a high incidence of bacterial pyogranulomatous inflammation encompassing the testes, epididymis and occasionally the ductus deferens with spread to lumbar lymph nodes; such changes were largely absent in NOER males. Results indicate that male and female NOER mice are protected from deleterious effects of neonatal DES, and thus mESR1 signaling is required for adult manifestation of DES-induced reproductive pathologies in both sexes.
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Dietilestilbestrol/toxicidad , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Estrógenos no Esteroides/toxicidad , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Animales , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos , Ratones Noqueados , Embarazo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismoRESUMEN
This review aimed to look into agents and mechanisms characterized as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). These agents are known to cause several harmful effects to the reproductive system of women and wildlife. There is a wide range of chemicals, developed for commercial use mainly in agriculture, which may cause endocrine disruption. Numerous studies show evidence of environmental contamination. However, no one is being held liable for the damages. The most important potentially harmful agents are identified and described, along with the different effects they have on the female genital area. Brazil is a large consumer of pesticides and others chemicals that may interfere with a normal women's life. We analyzed and described the mode of action and the impacts of different EDCs (bisphenols, phthalates, atrazine, polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls, DDT-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane; DDE-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; DDD-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane; and DES-diethylstilbestrol) on the genital area, ovarian steroidogenesis, polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, the structure of the uterus and the vagina, and on the formation of leiomyomas.
Asunto(s)
Disruptores Endocrinos/efectos adversos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Sustancias Peligrosas/efectos adversos , Salud Reproductiva , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ovario/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Poisoning from pesticides is a global public health problem and accounts for nearly 300,000 deaths worldwide every year. Exposure to pesticides is inevitable; there are different modes through which humans get exposed to pesticides. The mode of exposure is an important factor as it also signifies the concentration of pesticides exposure. Pesticides are used extensively in agricultural and domestic settings. These chemicals are believed to cause many disorders in humans and wildlife. Research from past few decades has tried to answer the associated mechanism of action of pesticides in conjunction with their harmful effects. This perspective considers the past and present research in the field of pesticides and associated disorders. We have reviewed the most common diseases including cancer which are associated with pesticides. Pesticides have shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases as well as various disorders of the respiratory and reproductive tracts. Oxidative stress caused by pesticides is an important mechanism through which many of the pesticides exert their harmful effects. Oxidative stress is known to cause DNA damage which in turn may cause malignancies and other disorders. Many pesticides have shown to modulate the gene expression at the level of non-coding RNAs, histone deacetylases, DNA methylation patterns suggesting their role in epigenetics.
Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN , Estrés Oxidativo , Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/genética , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/mortalidad , Epigénesis Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/genética , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/mortalidad , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/genética , Enfermedades de los Genitales Masculinos/mortalidad , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Enfermedad de Parkinson/etiología , Enfermedad de Parkinson/genética , Enfermedad de Parkinson/mortalidad , Enfermedades Respiratorias/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Respiratorias/genética , Enfermedades Respiratorias/mortalidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate sexual dysfunction and enlargement of seminal vesicles in sexually active men who were treated by α1-blockers for benign prostatic hyperplasia and its possible clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study from January 2015 to December 2016. We enrolled sexually active men above the age of 40 years having moderate to severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We excluded patients with a history of prostate surgery, suspicious digital rectal examination findings, a serum prostate-specific antigen of >4 ng/dL, and a history of medication with anticholinergic, cholinergic, and diuretic agents. Patients were divided into groups A, B, and C based on the prescription of silodosin 8 mg, tamsulosin 0.4 mg, or alfuzosin 10 mg orally once for LUTS and at 4 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.8 years (41-68 years). Twelve weeks of treatment with silodosin, tamsulosin, and alfuzosin resulted in a significant improvement in the total International Prostate Symptom Score and the quality of life score (P <.001). The baseline erectile function scores were 26.4, 27.6, and 28.1, and the baseline overall satisfaction (OS) (International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF]-OS) scores were 7.1, 8.3, and 8.6 among groups A, B, and C, respectively. After 12 weeks of α1-blockers, the IIEF-erectile function scores were 24.0, 24.7, and 26.2, and the IIEF-OS scores were 6.4, 7.8, and 7.9. All 3 groups demonstrated a statistically significant enlargement of seminal vesicles after 12 weeks' treatment, most significant in group A patients (7.65-14.11 cc, P <.001). CONCLUSION: Alpha-blockers as silodosin, tamsulosin, and alfuzosin are a safe and effective tool in benign prostatic hyperplasia for improving LUTS and the quality of life. Loss of seminal emission with alpha-blockers appears as the cause of seminal vesicle enlargement. The exact mechanism of these findings needs further clinical and experimental research.