Short colon syndrome in cats.

BACKGROUND: Shortening of the colon has been described in cats, but its imaging and clinicopathological features remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: Description of the signalment, clinical presentation, imaging, endoscopic and histological features of short colon syndrome in cats. ANIMALS: Ninety-three cats diagnosed with short colon. METHODS: Multi-institutional, descriptive, retrospective case series study. Medical records were searched for a diagnosis of short colon on abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopy, autopsy, or a combination of these modalities. RESULTS: The median age of included cats was 12 years at the time of diagnosis. Diarrhea was the most common clinical sign (60/92; 65%), followed by vomiting (36/92; 39%), weight loss (36/92; 39%), and inappetence (24/92; 26%). Thirteen percent of cats (12/92) had no signs of gastrointestinal disease at the time of diagnosis. In addition to a shortened colonic length, 79% (66/84) of cats had concomitant colonic thickening on ultrasonographic examination. On colonoscopy, mucosal ulcerations of the colonic wall were seen in 39% (9/23) of cats. Histopathologically, all cats but 1 (diagnosed simultaneously with colonic small cell lymphoma) had lymphoplasmacytic colitis, and when small intestinal biopsies were performed, concurrent lymphoplasmacytic enteritis or small cell lymphoma of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Lymphoplasmacytic colitis is seen commonly in cats with short colon, suggesting a potential link between these entities.

Fibrosing colonopathy associated with cysteamine bitartrate delayed-release capsules in cystinosis patients.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this report is to identify and characterize cases of fibrosing colonopathy, a rare and underrecognized adverse event, associated with cysteamine delayed-release (DR) in patients with nephropathic cystinosis. METHODS: We searched the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the medical literature for postmarketing reports of fibrosing colonopathy associated with cysteamine through August 2, 2023. RESULTS: We identified four cases of fibrosing colonopathy reported with the use of cysteamine DR. The time to onset ranged from 12 to 31 months. In one case, the patient required surgery to have a resection of a section of the strictured colon and a diverting ileostomy. Fibrosing colonopathy was diagnosed by histopathology in two of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our case series identified the risk of fibrosing colonopathy in patients taking cysteamine DR and prompted regulatory action by the FDA. As outlined in changes to the U.S. prescribing information for cysteamine DR, healthcare professionals should be aware of the potential risk of fibrosing colonopathy with cysteamine DR, especially as symptoms can be non-specific leading to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. If the diagnosis of fibrosing colonopathy is confirmed, consideration should be given to permanently discontinuing cysteamine DR and switching to cysteamine immediate-release treatment.

Schwann cell hamartoma as an incidental finding in a colonoscopy / Hamartoma de células de Schwann como hallazgo incidental en una colonoscopia

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Amiloidosis de colon y clínica de oclusión intestinal / Amyloidosis of the colon and clinical features of intestinal obstruction

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Colonic basidiobolomycosis with liver involvement masquerading as gastrointestinal lymphoma: a case report and literature review

Abstract Basidiobolomycosis is an unusual fungal skin infection that rarely involves the gastrointestinal tract. This study reported a 5-year-old boy with gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis that had been misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal lymphoma. He was treated by surgical resection and a combination of posaconazole and amphotericin B deoxycholate with an acceptable response and no recurrence.

Paracoccidioidomicosis colónica en un hospital de Lima - Perú: reporte de 4 casos / Colon Paracoccidioidomycosis in a hospital from Lima - Peru: report of 4 cases

La paracoccidioidomicosis es la micosis más prevalente de Sudamérica. En nuestro medio la afectación mucocutánea y linfática suele ser la de mayor prevalencia, siendo el compromiso intestinal pocas veces reportado. Se reportan 4 casos de afectación colónica con manifestación de dolor abdominal, diarrea crónica y disminución de peso en los cuales el diagnóstico se realizó a través de la anatomía patológica con la tinción de Gomori. La edad promedio fue de 29 años. La colonoscopía reveló presencia de múltiples úlceras en colon y en íleon distal. Como comorbilidad se encontró VIH en un paciente

Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most prevalent mycosis in South America. Mucocutaneous and lymph node involvement is the most frequent affectation of this disease in our country, with the intestinal commitment rarely reported. We report 4 cases of colonic manifestation with abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, and weight loss. The diagnosis was made with biopsy and Gomori stain. The average age was 29 years old. The colonoscopy showed many ulcers in the ileum distal and colon. We found VIH as comorbidity in one patient

Cromoendoscopia submucosa. Una técnica que remarca los epitelios, diferencia los componentes histológicos, y facilita y ofrece seguridad a la polipectomía de colon / Submucosal chromoendoscopy. A technique that highlights epithelia and differentiates histological components, and renders colon polypectomy easier and safer

La cromoendoscopia submucosa consiste en la inyección de una solución que contiene un colorante vital, por lo general índigo carmín, en la capa submucosa de la pared del intestino. Con ello se consigue: delimitar y caracterizar mejor los diferentes epitelios (mucosa de colon, adenoma, pólipo hiperplásico, pólipo serrado o la mucosa del intestino delgado), exponer y delimitar la base de implantación de las lesiones, colaborar en la sobreelevación de una lesión extirpable, asegurar la sección por el plano submucoso, identificar las estructuras constituyentes de la pared intestinal, hacer factible una polipectomía compleja o facilitar la detección de una perforación. Este artículo ofrece información sobre la técnica endoscópica de la inyección submucosa, la composición de la solución, su concentración y las ventajas que puede ofrecer para realizar una polipectomía o una resección endoscópica mucosa en bloque o en fragmentos. Esta técnica endoscópica combina de forma simultánea una vertiente diagnóstica y otra terapéutica, pues la sobreelevación de la lesión, junto con la mejorar caracterización de los contornos de la misma, puede mejorar su definición y delimitación además de incrementar la seguridad y la viabilidad de la resección endoscópica

Submucosal chromoendoscopy involves the injection of a solution containing a vital stain, usually indigo carmine, into the intestinal wall submucosal layer. This allows to: Better delimit and characterize the various epithelia present (colonic mucosa, adenoma, hyperplastic polyp, serrated polyp, small bowel mucosa); expose and delimit lesion implantation areas; cooperate in the lifting of resectable lesions; ensure section across the submucosal plane; identify intestinal wall structures; render complex polypectomy feasible; and facilitate the identification of perforations

Melanosis coli / Melanosis coli

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Doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe: manifestações extraintestinais / Intestinal inflammatory diseases in the Hospital Universitario of Universidade Federal de Sergipe: extraintestinal manifestations

A doença inflamatória intestinal idiopática (DII) representa um grupo de condições inflamatórias crônicas, resultantes de ativação persistente e inadequada do sistema imune mucoso. Além dos sintomas intestinais característicos, as DII podem se manifestar através de uma série de manifestações extraintestinais (MEI). Objetivos: Avaliar a incidência das MEI das doenças inflamatórias intestinais no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Sergipe; diagnosticar as MEI das DII; instituir o tratamento adequado dos pacientes portadores dessas manifestações. Métodos: Foi aplicado um protocolo para diagnóstico das MEI; quando necessário os pacientes foram encaminhados para as respectivas especialidades. Resultados: Foram catalogados 49 pacientes portadores de DII; destes, 41 (83,6 por cento) apresentaram MEI. As MEI reumatológicas foram as mais frequentes, acometendo 35 pacientes. O restante das MEI foram assim distribuídas: um caso de MEI dermatológica; um caso de MEI urológica; um caso MEI pneumológica; quatro casos de MEI oftalmológicas; oito casos de MEI hepáticas. Conclusões: As MEI têm alta incidência (I=83,6 por cento) entre os pacientes portadores de DII; as MEI tiveram incidência semelhante entre os pacientes portadores de retocolite ulceratica idiopática e de Crohn; o início das MEI foi mais comum após o diagnóstico da DII; a classe de MEI mais prevalente foi a reumatológica (P=71,4 por cento).

Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic inflammatory conditions, resulting from persistent and inappropriate activation of mucosal immune system. Besides the typical intestinal symptoms, the IBD can manifest itself through a series of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM). Objectives: To evaluate the incidence of EIM in the Hospital Universitario of Universidade Federal de Sergipe; to diagnose EIM of IBD; to institute the appropriate treatment of patients with these manifestations. Methods: We applied a protocol for diagnosis of EIM; when necessary, patients were referred to their specialities. Results: We categorized 49 patients with IBD, whose 41 (83.6 percent) had EIM. The rheumatologics EIM were the most frequent, affecting 35 patients. The others EIM were distributed as follows: one case of dermatological EIM; one case of urologic EIM, one case of pulmonology EIM, four cases of ophthalmic EIM; eight cases of hepatic EIM. Conclusions: The EIM have a high incidence (I=83.6 percent) among patients with IBD; the EIM had similar incidence among patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The beginning of EIM was more common after the diagnosis of IBD; the rheumatologic EIM was most prevalent (P=71.4 percent).

Síndrome de Chilaiditi; a propósito de un caso / Chilaiditi syndrome; a case report

Se presenta el caso de un niño de cinco años con cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal, distensión abdominal y estreñimiento, en quién la radiografía simple de tórax y abdomen hizo posible el diagnóstico de síndrome de Chilaiditi (AU)

We report the case of a five years old child with a clinical picture of abdominal pain and distension, and constipation. The plain thorax and abdominal radiograph made possible the diagnosis of the Chilaiditi syndrome (AU)

PillCam© Colon Capsule for the study of colonic pathology in clinical practice. Study of agreement with colonoscopy

Introduction: several studies have pointed out the effectiveness of the PillCam© colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) compared with the colonoscopy in the study of the colonic pathology. Aims and methods: the objective of our study was to assess the agreement in the diagnosis of CCE with conventional colonoscopy as well as its sensitivity and specificity, and to describe the findings of the CCE in our clinical practice. Consecutive patients with abdominal symptoms were included in the study. The CCE was performed as previously reported (with PEG and sodium phosphate as laxative agents). The nature and location of the findings, colonic transit time, complications, cleanliness degree and consistency with diagnostic colonoscopy, when performed, were analyzed. Results: a total of 144 subjects (67 women and 77 men); (52.17±16.71 years) with the following indications were included: screening of Colorectal cancer (88 patients), control after polipectomy (24), incomplete colonoscopy (7), rectal bleeding (10), anemia (8), diarrhea (7). The CCE exploration was complete in 134/144 cases (93%), with no case of retention. The preparation was good-very good in 88/134 (65,6%), fair in 26/134 (19,4%) and poor in 20/134 (15%) of the cases. The average colonic transit was of 140.76 min (9-603). Any adverse effect was notified. In 44 cases a colonoscopy was carried out after CCE (results were hidden from another endoscopist). Compared to colonoscopy, the rate of agreement was 75,6%, the sensitivity was 84% and the specificity 62,5%, PPV was 77,7% and NPV was 71,4 %. The colonic findings in 134 CCE were: in 34 cases CCE it did not show lesions, diverticulosis in 63 explorations, polyps in 43, angiodysplasias in 15, Crohn´s Disease in 9 and ulcerative colitis in other 8 cases. Conclusions: the CCE is an effective and reliable technique for the detection of lesions in colon, and because of its high agree - ment with the colonoscopy, it could be useful in clinical practice. Further studies with large seria and cost-effectiveness analysis are needed to confirm these data(AU)

Estudo comparativo entre MBI (FICE®) e a magnificação com índigo-carmin no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas de cólon e reto / Comparative study between MBI (FICE®) and magnification chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the colorectum

CONTEXTO: O uso da cromoscopia virtual com sistema de imagem multibanda poderia auxiliar no diagnóstico in vivo de neoplasias colônicas. Objetivo - Avaliar a exatidão da magnificação associada à cromoendoscopia eletrônica ou com índigo-carmin na distinção entre lesões neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas do cólon e reto. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas prospectivamente 157 lesões colorretais em 75 pacientes. Empregou-se o sistema FICE® para a análise dos padrões de capilares, com a malha capilar negativa sendo considerada padrão de lesões não-neoplásicas, e a malha capilar positiva, o padrão das neoplasias. Após esta avaliação, ainda usando o sistema FICE®, o padrão de criptas foi definido conforme a classificação de Kudo. Por fim, instilou-se índigo-carmin à 0,8 por cento e outro estudo das criptas foi realizado. RESULTADOS: Entre as 157 lesões colorretais, classificou-se 116 como malha capilar positiva, sendo 115 confirmadas histologicamente como neoplasias. Já entre as 41 lesões com malha capilar negativa, 32 eram não-neoplásicas. A sensibilidade foi de 92,7 por cento, a especificidade de 97 por cento e a precisão de 93,6 por cento. Os padrões de criptas tipo I e II representaram as lesões não-neoplásicas e os tipos III-V, as neoplásicas. Com a utilização da cromoscopia eletrônica, observou-se sensibilidade de 94,4 por cento, especificidade de 97 por cento e precisão de 94,9 por cento. Já com o uso da magnificação associada ao índigo-carmin, a sensibilidade foi de 97,6 por cento, a especificidade de 93,9 por cento e a precisão de 96,8 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: Tanto a cromoendoscopia eletrônica, quanto o uso do índigo-carmin, associados à magnificação de imagens, apresentaram precisão elevada quanto ao diagnóstico histopatológico e não houve diferença estatística entre ambos os métodos.

CONTEXT: Multiband imaging (MBI)/Fuji Intelligent Color Enhancement (FICE®) is a spectral image processing technology that helps in vivo diagnosis of colorectal neoplasias. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the magnification with either the electronic chromoendoscopy or indigo carmine dye in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions. Methods - Seventy five patients with 157 colorectal lesions were prospectively evaluated. The capillary pattern, as well as the pit pattern according to the Kudo classification, of colorectal lesions were evaluated by means of the FICE® system. Absence and presence of meshed capillary networks were labeled as non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions, respectively. Afterwards, indigo carmine 0.8 percent was instilled and a new evaluation of the pit pattern was carried out. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen of the 157 lesions were classified as positive meshed capillary network, 115 of them were confirmed histologically as neoplasia. Other 32 lesions out of 41 with negative meshed capillary network were non-neoplastic. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were, respectively, 92.7 percent, 97 percent and 93.6 percent. Pit patterns I and II were confirmed as non-neoplastic lesions, and patterns III to V were confirmed as neoplasies. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the electronic chromoendoscopy were, respectively, 94.4 percent, 97 percent and 94.9 percent. Meanwhile, the figures for the magnification with indigo carmine were, respectively, 97.6 percent, 93.9 percent and 96.8 percent. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods, either the MBI/FICE® system or the use of indigo carmine dye with magnification, achieved a high accuracy for the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal lesions.

Endometriose intestinal: uma doença benigna? / Bowel endometriosis: a benign disease?

A despeito do caráter benigno da endometriose, estima-se que 1 por cento dos casos esteja relacionado com câncer, especialmente quando ambas as condições ocorrem nos ovários. Lesões extra-ovarianas encontradas no septo retovaginal, cólon, bexiga, vagina e peritônio da região pélvica também já foram associadas com neoplasias malignas. Várias características do tecido endometrial ectópico o aproximam do fenótipo neoplásico, e a própria endometriose possui comportamento tipicamente neoplásico com capacidade de invasão do estroma adjacente e associação com lesões à distância. Esta revisão atualiza conhecimentos diagnósticos, clínicos e terapêuticos dos implantes intestinais de tecido endometriótico, bem como sua relação com processos neoplásicos para melhor compreensão de seu caráter benigno ou de seu eventual potencial para malignidade.

Endometriosis is generally assumed to be a benign disease, but it is estimated that 1 percent of cases are associated with cancer, especially when both conditions are present in the ovary. Extra-ovarian lesions in the rectovaginal septum, colon, bladder, vagina and peritoneum were already associated with malign neoplasia. Several characteristics of endometrial tissue are very similar to the neoplasia phenotype. Endometriosis itself typically behaves as a neoplasia process, spreading over adjacent stroma and being associated with distant lesions. This is an update on the diagnostic, clinical, and therapeutic knowledge of, management of bowel implants of endometrial tissue, as well as the relation with neoplastic processes to better understand its benign nature or eventual potential for malignancy.

Alteraciones histológicas asociadas a la preparación mecánica en cirugía colorrectal electiva / Bowel wall alterations associated with mechanical bowel cleansing before elective colonic surgery

Introducción: La preparación mecánica anterograda de colon en cirugía electiva es una práctica común utilizada en distintas operaciones sobre el segmento distal del tubo digestivo. La limpieza intestinal ha demostrado provocar alteraciones fisiológicas significativas y algunos autores han relacionado su uso con una mayor incidencia de complicaciones sépticas, aunque sin demostrar un sustrato anatómico o histológico que avale estas afirmaciones. Objetivo: Demostrar la aparición de alteraciones histológicas asociadas al uso de preparación mecánica anterograda en cirugía colorrectal electiva. Material y método: Durante un periodo de 10 meses se incluyeron en este estudio todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva de colon. Se excluyeron los pacientes que recibieron radioterapia pre operatoria y quienes recibieron preparación mecánica la semana previa a la cirugía. Los pacientes fueron randomizados en dos grupos: con y sin preparación de colon. Un patólogo evaluó las alteraciones histológicas en mucosa sana en forma ciega. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa Stata 8.0. Resultados: Participaron 34 pacientes en este estudio, de los que se excluyeron 2 por no haber sido resecados, ambos en el grupo que recibió preparación mecánica. El estudio de siete parámetros no demostró alteración significativa en los pacientes que recibieron preparación mecánica anterograda (p > 0,05). Conclusión: En esta serie prospectiva y aleatoria no se encontraron alteraciones histológicas atribuibles al uso de la preparación mecánica anterograda.

Background: Anterograde mechanical bowel cleansing is a common practice in colorectal surgery. However it can produce physiological disturbances and can be associated to a higher frequency of septic complications. Aim: To evaluate the appearance of histological alterations in the colon wall, associated to anterograde bowel cleansing. Material and methods: All patients subjected to elective colon surgery were randomized to a group with and other group without anterograde mechanical bowel cleansing before surgery. Patients subjected to preoperative radiotherapy and those that were subjected to bowel cleansing the week previous to surgery, were excluded. A sample was obtained from normal colon mucosa, far from the lesion that motivated surgery, for pathological study. The pathologist was unaware of the group assignation of patients. Results: Thirty four patients were studied. Eighteen (nine women) were randomized to receive mechanical bowel cleansing, 14 (eight women) did not receive cleansing and two were excluded from the study. No significant pathological bowel wall alterations were detected in the group subjected to mechanical cleansing. Conclusions: No pathological alterations of the bowel wall, attributed to anterograde bowel cleansing, were detected in this group of patients.

Apéndice epiploico torsionado. Un simulador de recidiva-metástasis / Twisted epiploic appendix. A neoplastic recurrence-metastasis

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A Case of Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis: Diagnosed by CT Colonoscopy / 대한소화기학회지

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare condition characterized by multiple gas filled cysts in the intestinal wall. The diagnosis of PCI is usually made by colonoscopy, histology, or radiologic findings. We report a case of PCI in a 35-year-old man. The patient initially complained of watery diarrhea and abdominal bloating for 2 weeks. Simple abdominal X-ray demonstrated numerous, small, round, air densities on the right upper abdomen along the ascending and proximal transverse colon. Colonoscopy revealed numerous, 5-20 mm sized, sessile polypoid, balloon-like distended, protruding subepithelial masses covered with normal colonic mucosa from cecum to proximal transverse colon. We performed a CT colonoscopy and confirmed PCI with multiple air-filled cystic masses along the colonic wall from cecum to proximal transverse colon. The patient was treated with antibiotics and oxygen inhalation for 2 weeks. Follow-up CT colonoscopy revealed marked regression in the number and size of the air-filled cystic masses. Herein, we report the first case of the PCI in Korea diagnosed by CT colonoscopy. Follow-up evaluation with CT colonoscopy was performed after the treatment of the PCI. CT colonoscopy is a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.

Cirugía electiva colo-rectal sin preparación mecánica: la ruptura de un paradigma en cirugía: Hospital General del Oeste "Dr. José Gregorio Hernández", Hospital Central de Las Fuerzas Armadas "Dr. Carlos Arvelo" Caracas-Venezuela / Elective colo-rectal surgery without mechanical bowell preparation: a paradigm surgery break up: Hospital General del Oeste Dr. José Gregorio Hernández and Hospital Central de Las Fuerzas Armadas Dr. Carlos Arvelo Caracas-Venezuela

Determinar si la cirugía electiva colo-rectal puede realizarse de forma segura sin preparación mecánica preoperatoria del colon. Evaluación en forma prospectiva de 43 pacientes sometidos a cirugía electiva colo-rectal en dos hospitales del área metropolitana de Caracas: Hospital General del Oeste Dr. José Gregorio Hernández y Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas Dr. Carlos Arvelo. Los pacientes fueron divididos en 2 grupos. Grupo A: constituido por aquellos pacientes a los que se les realiza preparación intestinal mecánica anterógrada y retrograda, más antibioticoterapia profiláctica previa a la cirugía electiva, método utilizado de rutina en nuestros centros. Grupo B conformado por los pacientes a los que se les omitirá la preparación mecánica, recibiendo igualmente la antibioticoterapia profiláctica. Se les efectuó seguimiento postoperatorio hasta 30 días después del acto quirúrgico con el fin de establecer la tasa de complicaciones infeccisas en ambos grupos. Las características demográficas y el tipo de procedimiento quirúrgico no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. El riesgo de complicación en el grupo preparado fue de 2,33 veces mayor (IC-95 por ciento: 0.83-6,63) que en el grupo no preparado. Esta relación no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0.179). El rol de la preparación mecánica de colon en la cirugía electiva es cuestionable y no se aprecia que brinde beneficios con respecto a los no preparados.