RESUMEN
Acute intoxication with diazinon (DZN) as a pesticide causes mortality and morbidity annually. This study shows the impact of sub-acute toxicity of DZN 20 mg/kg and the protective activities of chrysin (CH) as a flavone under the flavonoids family (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) were assessed on BALB/c mouse immune system. The changes in morphological and functional properties of the immune system on thymus, spleen and liver histopathology, sub-populations of T lymphocytes, cytokines levels, transcription factors, complement function, phagocytosis, specific and total antibody productions were considered. The histopathological effects of DZN on the spleen and thymus were not significant, but the liver was damaged remarkably. In the presence of CH, the toxic effect of DZN is suppressed. DZN significantly decreased the number of whole blood TCD4+, TCD8+ and NK cells and suppressed the phagocytosis, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to sheep red blood cell (SRBC). Furthermore, it suppressed specific anti-SRBC-Ab, total IgG and IgM production, T-bet expression, and IFN-γ production. In contrast, DZN did not significantly affect complement function and the number of NK cells, TCD4+ and TCD8+ splenocytes. However, it potentiated the expression of GATA-3, ROR-γt and FOXP3 gene expression and consequently produced IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-ß in whole blood. CH not only significantly increased the variables mentioned above at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg but also could overcome the toxic effects of DZN on whole blood lymphocyte sub-populations and specific and total Ab production in 25 and 50 mg/kg concentrations, phagocytosis and DTH responses in 50 mg/kg, and modulation of the transcription factors and cytokine production, mainly in 25 and 50 mg/kg. In conclusion, DZN in sub-acute doses could remarkably deteriorate immune responses. However, CH can overcome the toxic effects of DZN on the immune components and functions of the immune system.
Asunto(s)
Diazinón , Flavonoides , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune , Animales , Diazinón/toxicidad , Flavonas/farmacología , Flavonoides/farmacología , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunoglobulina G , Inmunoglobulina M , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-17 , Interleucina-4 , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Miembro 3 del Grupo F de la Subfamilia 1 de Receptores Nucleares , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Ovinos , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador betaRESUMEN
The development of rational approaches to restore immune tolerance requires an iterative approach that builds on past success and utilizes new mechanistic insights into immune-mediated pathologies. This article will review concepts that have evolved from the clinical trial experience of the Immune Tolerance Network, with an emphasis on lessons learned from the innovative mechanistic studies conducted for these trials and new strategies under development for induction of tolerance.
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Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Tolerancia Inmunológica/inmunología , HumanosRESUMEN
Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx (HS) water decoction extract is a commonly consumed beverage with various pharmacological properties. This systematic review examines the possible effect of HS intake on immune mediators. The Scopus and PUBMED databases were searched for all human and animal studies that investigated the effect of HS administration on immune related biomarkers. For each of the immune biomarkers, the mean, standard deviation and number of subjects were extracted for both the HS treated and untreated group. These values were used in the computation of standardized mean difference (SMD). Statistical analysis and forest plot were done with R statistical software (version 3.6.1). Twenty seven (27) studies met the eligibility criteria. Twenty two (22) of the studies were used for the meta-analysis which included a total of 1211 subjects. The meta-analysis showed that HS administration significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α (n=10; pooled SMD: -1.55; 95% CI: -2.43, -0.67; P < 0.01), IL-6 (n=11; pooled SMD:-1.09; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.40; P < 0.01), IL-1ß (n=7; pooled SMD:-0.62; 95% CI: -1.25, 0.00; P = 0.05), Edema formation (n=4; pooled SMD: -2.29; 95% CI: -4.47, -0.11; P = 0.04), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (n=4; pooled SMD: -1.17; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.57; P < 0.01) and Angiotensin converting enzyme cascade (n=6; pooled SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: -1.57, -0.25; P < 0.01). The levels of IL-10 (n=4; pooled SMD: -0.38; 95% CI: -1.67, 0.91; P = 0.56), Interleukin 8 (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.12; 95% CI: -0.76, 0.51; P = 0.71), iNOS (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.69; 95% CI: -1.60, 0.23 P = 0.14) and C- Reactive Protein (n=4; pooled SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.36; P = 0.75), were not significantly changed by HS administration. Some of the results had high statistical heterogeneity. HS may be promising in the management of disorders involving hyperactive immune system or chronic inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Hibiscus/química , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunidad/efectos de los fármacos , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/metabolismo , Inmunidad/inmunología , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, claiming over 650,000 American lives annually. Typically not a singular disease, CVD often coexists with dyslipidemia, hypertension, type-2 diabetes (T2D), chronic system-wide inflammation, and obesity. Obesity, an independent risk factor for both CVD and T2D, further worsens the problem, with over 42% of adults and 18.5% of youth in the U.S. categorized as such. Dietary behavior is a most important modifiable risk factor for controlling the onset and progression of obesity and related disease conditions. Plant-based eating patterns that include beans and legumes support health and disease mitigation through nutritional profile and bioactive compounds including phytochemical. This review focuses on the characteristics of beans and ability to improve obesity-related diseases and associated factors including excess body weight, gut microbiome environment, and low-grade inflammation. Additionally, there are growing data that link obesity to compromised immune response and elevated risk for complications from immune-related diseases. Body weight management and nutritional status may improve immune function and possibly prevent disease severity. Inclusion of beans as part of a plant-based dietary strategy imparts cardiovascular, metabolic, and colon protective effects; improves obesity, low-grade inflammation, and may play a role in immune-related disease risk management.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Dieta Vegetariana/métodos , Fabaceae , Obesidad/prevención & control , Aminoácidos/administración & dosificación , COVID-19/complicaciones , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Disbiosis/etiología , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Dislipidemias/prevención & control , Endotelio Vascular/fisiopatología , Fabaceae/química , Ácido Graso Sintasas , Femenino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Control Glucémico , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inflamación/epidemiología , Inflamación/prevención & control , Masculino , Minerales/administración & dosificación , NADH NADPH Oxidorreductasas , Estado Nutricional , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/inmunología , Sobrepeso/complicaciones , Phaseolus/química , Ingesta Diaria Recomendada , Factores de Riesgo , Vitaminas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is one of the most difficult and complex surgical procedures in abdominal surgery. Malnutrition and immune dysfunction in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) may lead to a higher risk of postoperative infectious complications. Although immunonutrition (IN) is recommended for enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing PD for 5-7 days perioperatively, its role in patients undergoing pancreatectomy is still unclear and controversial. It is known that the proper surgical technique is very important in order to reduce a risk of postoperative complications, such as a pancreatic fistula, and to improve disease-free survival in patients following PD. However, it has been proven that IN decreases the risk of infectious complications, and shortens hospital stays in patients undergoing PD. This is a result of the impact on altered inflammatory responses in patients with cancer. Both enteral and parenteral, as well as preoperative and postoperative IN, using various nutrients, such as glutamine, arginine, omega-3 fatty acids and nucleotides, is administered. The most frequently used preoperative oral supplementation is recommended. The aim of this paper is to present the indications and benefits of IN in patients undergoing PD.
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Arginina/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Glutamina/administración & dosificación , Nucleótidos/administración & dosificación , Pancreaticoduodenectomía/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Recuperación Mejorada Después de la Cirugía , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Desnutrición/prevención & control , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Children with Down syndrome have changes in their innate and adaptive immunity, which contribute to increased rates of infections, autoimmune diseases, and haematological malignancies. While improved care for congenital heart disease has decreased mortality and morbidity, complications related to immune-mediated diseases continue to limit the life expectancy in Down syndrome. Infectious diseases are common and have a significant effect on development, behaviour and quality of life. Infection frequency and severity are influenced by various anatomical and physiological alterations in addition to immunological changes in Down syndrome. Thus, prevention of respiratory tract infections requires a multifactorial approach. This could include additional active and/or passive immunizations, prophylactic antibiotics, immunoglobulin replacement and ear, nose and throat surgical interventions. Autoimmune conditions like coeliac disease, type I diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease are classically mentioned in the context of Down syndrome. However, autoinflammatory conditions are more prevalent as well. Screening for autoimmune diseases is required and immunosuppression has to be used with caution. Future studies should address optimal screening programmes for immune-mediated diseases in individuals with Down syndrome, as well as the effect of immune modulation, to further decrease morbidity and mortality, and improve the quality of life of individuals with Down syndrome.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Down/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Inflamación/inmunología , Leucemia/inmunología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/inmunología , Niño , Preescolar , Síndrome de Down/complicaciones , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunomodulación , Inflamación/etiología , Inflamación/prevención & control , Leucemia/etiología , Leucemia/prevención & control , Calidad de Vida , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/etiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Although chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have demonstrated considerable success in treating hematologic malignancies, they have simultaneously been plagued by a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that can harm or even kill the cancer patient. We describe a CAR T cell strategy in which CAR T cell activation and cancer cell killing can be sensitively regulated by adjusting the dose of a low molecular weight adapter that must bridge between the CAR T cell and cancer cell to initiate tumor eradication. By controlling the concentration and dosing schedule of adapter administration, we document two methods that can rapidly terminate (<3 h) a pre-existing CRS-like toxicity and two unrelated methods that can pre-emptively prevent a CRS-like toxicity that would have otherwise occurred. Because all four methods concurrently enhance CAR T cell potency, we conclude that proper use of bispecific adapters could potentially avoid a life-threatening CRS while enhancing CAR T cell tumoricidal activity.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/efectos adversos , Neoplasias/terapia , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Ingeniería Celular/métodos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Citocinas/inmunología , Fluoresceína/metabolismo , Receptores de Folato Anclados a GPI/metabolismo , Ácido Fólico/metabolismo , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/etiología , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/métodos , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Ratones , Neoplasias/inmunología , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/metabolismo , Anticuerpos de Cadena Única/inmunología , Anticuerpos de Cadena Única/metabolismo , Síndrome , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Linfocitos T/trasplante , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Polysaccharides are closely associated with immune regulation. In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia (PPS) in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunodeficient mice. Compared with the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, the spleen and thymus indexes in mice with orally administered PPS were significantly increased, body weight loss was alleviated, and the natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and proliferative activities of the lymphocytes were elevated. The recovery of peripheral white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobins and platelets was accelerated. Furthermore, the results from ELISA showed that PPS could up-regulate the serum levels of IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ and IgG, and reduce the level of TGF-ß. Histopathological analysis of the spleen revealed the protective effect of PPS against CTX-induced immunosuppression. Western blotting results showed that PPS possessed immunomodulatory activity via TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB signalling pathways. Finally, the intestinal absorption of PPS was poor, as detected in the Caco-2 transwell system. Taken together, these findings suggest that PPS plays a crucial role in protection against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice and could be a potential candidate for use in immune therapy regimens.
Asunto(s)
Cordyceps/química , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Factor 6 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/inmunología , Receptor Toll-Like 4/inmunología , Animales , Ciclofosfamida/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Factores Inmunológicos/química , Factores Inmunológicos/aislamiento & purificación , Terapia de Inmunosupresión , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Micelio/química , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/inmunología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Factor 6 Asociado a Receptor de TNF/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genéticaRESUMEN
The increasing use of multiple immunomodulatory (IMD) agents for cancer therapies (e.g. antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor [CAR]-T cells), is raising questions on their potential immunogenicity and effects on treatment. In this review, we outline the mechanisms of action (MOA) of approved, antibody-based IMD agents, potentially related to their immunogenicity, and discuss the reported incidence of anti-drug antibodies (ADA) as well as their clinical relevance in patients with cancer. In addition, we discuss the impact of the administration route and potential strategies to reduce the incidence of ADA and manage treated patients. Analysis of published reports indicated that the risk of immunogenicity did not appear to correlate with the MOA of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand 1 monoclonal antibodies nor to substantially affect treatment with most of these agents in the majority of patients evaluated to date. Treatment with B-cell depleting agents appears associated with a low risk of immunogenicity. No significant difference in ADA incidence was found between the intravenous and subcutaneous administration routes for a panel of non-oncology IMD antibodies. Additionally, while the data suggest a higher likelihood of immunogenicity for antibodies with T-cell or antigen-presenting cell (APC) targets versus B-cell targets, it is possible to have targets expressed on APCs or T cells and still have a low incidence of immunogenicity.
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Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/efectos adversos , Depleción Linfocítica/efectos adversos , Neoplasias/terapia , Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/efectos adversos , Anticuerpos Biespecíficos/inmunología , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/inmunología , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/métodos , Incidencia , Depleción Linfocítica/métodos , Neoplasias/inmunología , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1/inmunología , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/inmunología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In vivo an ecological network of polysaccharides utilization by gut microbiota is not only an intense competition but also an impressive cooperation pattern. The present study evaluated the in vivo protective effect of combined fungal polysaccharides (CFP) from Cordyceps sinensis and Ganoderma atrum on colon immune dysfunction, induced by 150mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CP). The results showed that C. sinensis polysaccharides (CSP) significantly promoted microbial-derived butyrate to improve histone h3 acetylation mediating regulatory T (Treg) cell specific Foxp3, as well as significantly restored CP-induced elevation of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-21. Additionally, G. atrum polysaccharides (PSG) significantly down-regulated MyD88, as well as significantly increased IL-10 and TGF-ß3. Furthermore, CFP balanced the disequilibrium of cytokines secretion and Foxp3/RORγt ratio related Treg/T helper 17 (Th17) balance, as well as down-regulated the TLR-mediated inflammatory signaling pathway and promoted secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) secretion to suppress colonic inflammation. Therefore, our results typically contribute to understand the in vivo immunoregulatory function of fungal polysaccharides compounds, involving microbial-associated inflammatory signals and specific metabolic products.
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Colon/inmunología , Enfermedades del Colon/prevención & control , Cordyceps/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos , Ganoderma/química , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Animales , Colon/patología , Enfermedades del Colon/inmunología , Enfermedades del Colon/patología , Citocinas/inmunología , Femenino , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/química , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/farmacología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/patologíaRESUMEN
Introducción: Los niños que son sometidos a quimioterapia en el contexto de un cáncer presentan necesidades especiales de vacunación una vez finalizado el tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la adaptación de los calendarios de vacunación posquimioterapia en una población pediátrica. Método: Estudio observacional de una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron todos los niños entre 0 y 14 años que recibieron quimioterapia en un hospital de tercer nivel entre 2009 y 2015. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusión/exclusión. Se siguieron las indicaciones oficiales del Comité Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociación Española de Pediatría para estas situaciones. Se consultó el registro de vacunación de Atención Primaria y el de la Unidad de Vacunas del Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública del centro sanitario. Resultados: De los 99 niños que recibieron quimioterapia, se incluyeron en el estudio 51. El 70,6% fueron varones. El 54,9% padecían un tumor de órgano sólido y el 45,1% un tumor hematológico. El 70,6% tenía registrada alguna vacuna tras el tratamiento. Las vacunas administradas con mayor frecuencia fueron: difteria-tétanos-tosferina o difteria-tétanos (54,9%), meningococo C(41,2%) y la gripe estacional (39,2%). La tasa de adaptación de calendario posquimioterapia fue del 9,8%. La vacuna frente a neumococo conjugada 7v o 13v fue administrada en el 21,6% de los niños evaluados, sin embargo, solo se completó con polisacárida 23v en el 17,6% de los casos. Ninguno recibió vacunación frente a hepatitis A. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el cumplimiento del calendario y el tipo de tumor (p=0,066), el sexo (p=0,304) o la edad (p=0,342). Conclusión: Existe un importante margen de mejora en la adaptación de la vacunación posquimioterapia en niños con cáncer. La participación de los profesionales en programas de formación y la derivación de estos pacientes a las Unidades de Vacunas podría mejorar la tasa de adaptación garantizando una correcta inmunización en estos niños (AU)
Introduction: Children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer have special vaccination needs after completion of the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of post-chemotherapy vaccination schedules. Method: An observational study was performed on a retrospective cohort that included all children aged from 0 to 14 years, who completed chemotherapy in a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2015. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Immunisation was administered in accordance with the guidelines of the Vaccine Advisory Committee of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics. Primary Care immunisation and clinical records of the Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department were reviewed. Results: Of the 99 children who had received chemotherapy, 51 (70.6% males) were included in the study. As regards the type of tumour, 54.9% had a solid organ tumour, and 45.1% had a haematological tumour. Post-chemotherapy immunisation was administered to 70.6%. The most common vaccines received were: diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus (54.9%), meningococcus C (41.2%), and seasonal influenza (39.2%). The rate of adaptation of the immunisation schedule after chemotherapy was 9.8%. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against 7v or 13v was administered to 21.6% of study subjects. However, only 17.6% received polysaccharide 23v. None received vaccination against hepatitis A. No statistically significant differences were observed between adherence to immunisation schedules and type of tumour (P=.066), gender (P=.304), or age (P=.342). Conclusion: Post-chemotherapy immunisation of children with cancer is poor. The participation of health professionals in training programs and referral of paediatric cancer patients to Vaccine Units could improve the rate of schedule adaptation and proper immunisation of this population (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Programas de Inmunización/métodos , Quimioterapia/métodos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Adaptación Fisiológica , Vacunación/métodos , Vacunación/normas , 28599 , Vacunas/clasificación , Vacunas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In obesity, there are no effective therapies for parallel immune and metabolic abnormalities, including systemic/tissue insulin-resistance/inflammation, adiposity and hepatic steatosis. Caffeine has anti-inflammation, antihepatic steatosis, and anti-insulin resistance effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects and molecular mechanisms of 6 wk of caffeine treatment (HFD-caf) on immunological and metabolic abnormalities of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. Compared with HFD vehicle (HFD-V) rats, in HFD-caf rats the suppressed circulating immune cell inflammatory [TNFα, MCP-1, IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and nitrite] profiles were accompanied by decreased liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), and muscle macrophages and their intracellular cytokine levels. Metabolically, the increase in metabolic rates reduced lipid accumulation in various tissues, resulting in reduced adiposity, lower fat mass, decreased body weight, amelioration of hepatic steatosis, and improved systemic/muscle insulin resistance. Further mechanistic approaches revealed an upregulation of tissue lipogenic [(SREBP1c, fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase)/insulin-sensitizing (GLUT4 and p-IRS1)] markers in HFD-caf rats. Significantly, ex vivo experiments revealed that the cytokine release by the cocultured peripheral blood mononuclear cell (monocyte) and WAT (adipocyte), which are known to stimulate macrophage migration and hepatocyte lipogenesis, were lower in HFD-V groups than HFD-caf groups. Caffeine treatment simultaneously ameliorates immune and metabolic pathogenic signals present in tissue to normalize immunolgical and metabolic abnormalities found in HFD-induced obese rats.
Asunto(s)
Cafeína/farmacología , Hígado Graso/prevención & control , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Obesidad/inmunología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Adiposidad/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/patología , Inflamación/prevención & control , Resistencia a la Insulina , Lipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Obesidad/etiología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is the common element among the Mediterranean countries. It can be considered a nutraceutical and functional food, thanks to its bioactive compounds. It can act and modulate different processes linked to ageing and age-related diseases related to a common chronic low grade inflammation. Depending on the cultivar, the growth conditions, the period of harvesting, the productive process and time of product storage, EVOO could contain different amount of vegetal components. Of course, the same is for table olives. METHODS: The aim of our review is to summarize the effects of EVOO and table olives on the immunemediated inflammatory response, focusing our attention on human studies. RESULTS: Our report highlights the effect of specific molecules obtained from EVOO on the modulation of specific cytokines and anti-oxidants suggesting the importance of the daily consumption of both EVOO and table olives in the context of a Mediterranean dietary pattern. In addition, the different action on immune-inflammatory biomarkers, are depending on the olive tree cultivar. CONCLUSION: Thanks to their bioactive compounds, EVOO and table olive can be considered as nutraceutical and functional foods. The beneficial effects analysed in this review will help to understand the potential application of specific olive components as therapeutic adjuvant, supplements or drugs.
Asunto(s)
Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Calidad de los Alimentos , Alimentos Funcionales , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunomodulación , Olea , Aceite de Oliva/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/normas , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/normas , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Dieta Mediterránea , Suplementos Dietéticos/normas , Alimentos en Conserva , Frutas , Alimentos Funcionales/normas , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/dietoterapia , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Aceite de Oliva/normasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Altered inflammatory response characterizes chronic immunemediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis. Accumulating evidence indicates that regular consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, is associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic degenerative disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer. The beneficial effects on health of EVOO have been attributed, besides to the monounsaturated fats content, to the presence of phenolic compounds that have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of EVOO polyphenols on IMID highlighting the potential mechanisms of action. METHODS: Scientific papers were found by searching in PubMed up to May 2017 using the following key words: rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriasis also in combination with EVOO, phenolic compounds, oleuropein, oleocantal, hydroxytyrosol,tyrosol and oleochantal. RESULTS: In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that EVOO and its polyphenols can improve diseases symptoms in IMID, by acting both at local and systemic levels and by modulating several molecular pathways. Nevertheless, there are not sufficient data to achieve specific nutritional guidelines. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to evaluate the real contribution of EVOO and its phenolic compounds in modulating the IMID-associated inflammatory perturbations, in order to develop appropriate nutritional recommendations.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunomodulación , Polifenoles/uso terapéutico , Animales , Dieta Mediterránea , Calidad de los Alimentos , Alimentos Funcionales/análisis , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/dietoterapia , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Aceite de Oliva/química , Aceite de Oliva/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The increasing interest in the Mediterranean diet (MeDiet) hinges on the relevant role it plays in inflammatory diseases. Several clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidences suggest that consumption of the MeDiet reduces the incidence of certain pathologies related to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation and immune system diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These reductions can be partially attributed to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) consumption which has been described as a key bioactive food because of its high nutritional quality and its particular composition of fatty acids, vitamins and polyphenols. Indeed, the beneficial effects of EVOO have been linked to its fatty acid composition, which is very rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and has moderate saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The current knowledge available on the beneficial effects of EVOO and its phenolic compounds, specifically its biological properties and antioxidant capacity against immune-mediated inflammatory responses (atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, obesity, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease or neurodegenerative disease, among others) in addition to its potential clinical applications. CONCLUSION: The increasing body of studies carried out provides compelling evidence that olive polyphenols are potential candidates to combat chronic inflammatory states.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Mediterránea , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Calidad de los Alimentos , Alimentos Funcionales , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inmunomodulación , Aceite de Oliva/uso terapéutico , Animales , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/inmunología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/dietoterapia , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/inmunología , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Aceite de Oliva/normas , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Obesity is associated with impaired immune defences and chronic low levels of inflammation and oxidation. In addition, this condition may lead to premature aging. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of a nutritional supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on several functions and oxidative stress parameters in peritoneal immune cells of obese mice, as well as on the life span of these animals. METHODS: Obesity was induced in adult female ICR/CD1 by the administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. During the last 6 weeks of HFD feeding, one group of obese mice received the same HFD, supplemented with 1500 mg of 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA) and another with 3000 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Several functions and oxidative stress parameters of peritoneal leukocytes were evaluated. RESULTS: The groups of obese mice treated with 2-OHOA or with EPA and DHA showed a significant improvement in several functions such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, digestion capacity, Natural killer activity and lymphoproliferation in response to mitogens. All of these functions, which were decreased in obese mice, increased reaching similar levels to those found in non-obese controls. Both treatments also improved oxidative stress parameters such as xanthine oxidase activity, which decreased, catalase activity and glutathione levels, which increased. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that dietary supplementation with monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could be an effective nutritional intervention to restore the immune response and oxidative stress state, which are impaired in obese mice.
Asunto(s)
Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Sistema Inmunológico/fisiopatología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Ácidos Oléicos/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Femenino , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/etiología , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/patología , Leucocitos/inmunología , Leucocitos/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido , Macrófagos Peritoneales/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos Peritoneales/inmunología , Macrófagos Peritoneales/patología , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Mitógenos/farmacología , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/patología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Fagocitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Maternal control of inflammation is essential during pregnancy and an exaggerated response is one of the underlying causes of fetal loss. Inflammatory response is mediated by multiple factors and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central. Activation of TLRs results in NALP-3 mediated assembly of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 into the inflammasome and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-18. Given that preventing measures are lacking, we investigated PreImplantation Factor (PIF) as therapeutic option as PIF modulates Inflammation in pregnancy. Additionally, synthetic PIF (PIF analog) protects against multiple immune disorders. We used a LPS induced murine model of fetal loss and synthetic PIF reduced this fetal loss and increased the embryo weight significantly. We detected increased PIF expression in the placentae after LPS insult. The LPS induced serum and placenta cytokines were abolished by synthetic PIF treatment and importantly synthetic PIF modulated key members of inflammasome complex NALP-3, ASC, and caspase-1 as well. In conclusion our results indicate that synthetic PIF protects against LPS induced fetal loss, likely through modulation of inflammatory response especially the inflammasome complex. Given that synthetic PIF is currently tested in autoimmune diseases of non-pregnant subjects (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02239562), therapeutic approach during pregnancy can be envisioned.
Asunto(s)
Aborto Espontáneo/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Citocinas/sangre , Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Aborto Espontáneo/etiología , Aborto Espontáneo/prevención & control , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/genética , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Señalización CARD , Caspasa 1/genética , Caspasa 1/metabolismo , Femenino , Peso Fetal/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Inflamación/etiología , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Ratones , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/genética , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Péptidos/genética , Péptidos/metabolismo , Péptidos/farmacología , Placenta/metabolismo , EmbarazoAsunto(s)
Inestabilidad Genómica/fisiología , Recombinación V(D)J/genética , Animales , Citoprotección/genética , Citoprotección/inmunología , División del ADN , Reparación del ADN/fisiología , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/genética , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/inmunología , Enfermedades Genéticas Congénitas/prevención & control , Humanos , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/genética , Enfermedades del Sistema Inmune/prevención & control , RatonesRESUMEN
The immune system is governed by an immensely complex network of cells and both intracellular and extracellular molecular factors. It must respond to an ever-growing number of biochemical and biophysical inputs by eliciting appropriate and specific responses in order to maintain homeostasis. But as with any complex system, a plethora of false positives and false negatives can occur to generate dysregulated responses. Dysregulated immune responses are essential components of diverse inflammation-driven pathologies, including cancer, heart disease, and autoimmune disorders. Nanoscale biomaterials (i.e., nanobiomaterials) have emerged as highly customizable platforms that can be engineered to interact with and direct immune responses, holding potential for the design of novel and targeted approaches to redirect or inhibit inflammation. Here, we present recent developments of nanobiomaterials that were rationally designed to target and modulate inflammatory cells and biochemical pathways for the treatment of immune dysregulation.