American Association of Nurse Practitioners Research Agenda, 2023-2028.

ABSTRACT: This report highlights the 2023-2028 American Association of Nurse Practitioners Research Agenda (AANP-RA), which focuses on the research goals of AANP as an organization and is based on its mission and strategic plan. The purpose of the AANP Research Agenda is to outline research priorities that advance the AANP Strategic Plan and concurrently address gaps in nursing science. American Association of Nurse Practitioners supports research studies that are rigorously designed and conducted using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches, as well as implementation science with the potential to positively impact both NP practice and patient health outcomes. The AANP-RA strategy is guided by the PEARL acronym: examining NP Practice, Education, policy Advocacy, Research, and Leadership. A discussion of each area is presented along with suggested topics.

The Role and Professional Standards of the Adult-Gerontology Nurse Practitioner in Hospice and Palliative Care.

The adult/gerontology (gero) nurse practitioner (NP) delivers primary and/or specialty palliative care to persons and their families who live each day with a myriad of serious illnesses. In this role, the adult/gero NP uses their skill set to address the whole person (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual/existential) to improve the quality of life for persons they care for. This article is the fourth in a series of 6 highlighting the different roles of the adult/gero NP and the advanced certified hospice and palliative registered nurse, and how these 2 roles overlap. The purpose of this article was to provide details of education and certification pathways for these NP roles, describe the overlaps in clinical care, and illustrate how the adult/gero NP in palliative and hospice care can contribute to leadership in program development for care of persons and their families who live with serious illness.

Inserção dos profissionais de enfermagem na política partidária: análise da participação nas disputas eleitorais municipais / Inclusión de los profesionais de enfermería en política partidaria: análisis de su participación en los comicios municipales / Inclusion of nursing professionals in party politics: analysis of their participation in the municipal electoral disputes

Objetivo: analisar a participação dos profissionais do campo da enfermagem nos processos eleitorais para os cargos dos poderes legislativo e executivo municipais. Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, realizado a partir dos dados do Tribunal Superior Eleitoral das últimas cinco eleições para vereadores, prefeitos e vice-prefeitos no Brasil entre 2004 e 2020, considerando sexo, estado, categoria profissional e êxito no pleito eleitoral. Resultados: os profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram aumento de candidaturas em todos os estados. Técnicos e auxiliares em enfermagem foram os que mais se candidataram. Os enfermeiros corresponderam ao maior número de eleitos, no entanto, os profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram as menores taxas de sucesso eleitoral, quando comparados com médicos, odontólogos e farmacêuticos. Conclusão: em relação às outras categorias, os profissionais de enfermagem apresentaram maior quantitativo de candidaturas, embora esse número, diante do contingente de trabalhadores, seja considerado pequeno.

Objetivo: to analyze the participation of professionals from the Nursing field in the electoral processes to hold offices in the Municipal Legislative and Executive powers. Método: a descriptive and retrospective study based on data from the Superior Electoral Court regarding the last five elections for city councilors, mayors and deputy mayors in Brazil between 2004 and 2020, considering gender, state, professional category and success in the election. Resultados: Nursing professionals presented an increase in the number of political candidacies in all the states. Nursing technicians and assistants were the professionals that most put themselves forward. Nurses represented the largest number of elected members; however, Nursing professionals had the lowest electoral success rates when compared to physicians, dentists and pharmacists. Conclusión: in relation to the other categories, Nursing professionals had a higher number of candidacies, although given the number of workers, this number is considered small.

Objective: analizar la participación de los profesionales del campo de la Enfermería en los procesos electorales para cargos de los poderes legislativo y executivo a nivel municipal. Method: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo realizado a partir de los datos do Tribunal Superior Electoral de las últimas cinco elecciones para concejal, alcalde y vicealcalde en Brasil entre 2004 y 2020, considerando sexo, estado, categoría profesional y éxito en los comicios. Results: los profesionales de Enfermería presentaron un aumento en la cantidad de candidaturas en todos los estados. Los técnicos y auxiliares de Enfermería fueron los que más se postularon. Los enfermeros representaron la cantidad más elevada de candidatos electos; sin embargo, los profesionales de Enfermería presentaron índices de éxito electoral más bajos en comparación con médicos, odontólogos y farmacéuticos. Conclusion: en relación con las otras categorías, los profesionales de Enfermería tuvieron mayor cantidad de candidaturas, aunque dado el contingente de trabajadores, dicha cantidad se considera reducida.

Empreendedorismo na enfermagem: quais significados são desvelados por estudantes e professores da graduação? / El espíritu empresarial en la enfermería: ¿cuáles son los significados que desvelan los estudiantes y los profesores de grado? / Entrepreneurship in nursing: what meanings are unveiled by undergraduate students and professors?

Objetivo: compreender os significados que estudantes e professores de graduação em enfermagem atribuem ao empreendedorismo no âmbito da enfermagem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, realizada entre 2019 e 2020, cujo referencial teórico foi o Pensamento Complexo, na perspectiva de Morin. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados foi empregada como referencial metodológico. Participaram da pesquisa estudantes e professores do curso de graduação de uma universidade pública federal. A entrevista semiestruturada foi empregada como técnica de coleta de dados. Resultados: do processo analítico emergiu a categoria Significados de empreendedorismo na enfermagem: perspectiva de estudantes e professores de graduação, sustentada nas seguintes subcategorias: elencando barreiras para as conexões entre empreendedorismo e enfermagem; relações entre ensino-aprendizagem da graduação em enfermagem sobre empreendedorismo; relacionando enfermagem ao empreendedorismo. Considerações finais: os significados desvelados sobre empreendedorismo revelam centralização na tipologia empresarial e distanciamento do empreendedorismo social e intraempreendedorismo, sinalizando, portanto, desconexões com a formação do enfermeiro na graduação.

Objetivo: comprender los significados que los estudiantes y profesores de grado en enfermería atribuyen al empresariado en el ámbito de la enfermería. Método: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, realizada entre 2019 y 2020, cuyo marco teórico fue el Pensamiento Complejo, desde la perspectiva de Morin. Se utilizó la Teoría Fundamentada como referencia metodológica. Participaron en la investigación estudiantes y profesores del curso de grado de una universidad pública federal. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada como técnica de recogida de datos. Resultados: del proceso analítico surgió la categoría Significados del emprendimiento en enfermería: perspectiva de los estudiantes de pregrado y de los profesores, sustentada en las siguientes subcategorías: enumeración de las barreras a las conexiones entre el emprendimiento y la enfermería; relaciones entre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de pregrado en enfermería sobre el emprendimiento; relacionar la enfermería con el emprendimiento. Consideraciones finales: los significados desvelados sobre el emprendimiento revelan una centralización en la tipología empresarial y un distanciamiento del emprendimiento social y del intraemprendimiento, señalando así desconexiones con la formación de grado en enfermería.

Objective: to understand the meanings that undergraduate nursing students and professors attribute to entrepreneurship in the nursing field. Method: qualitative, exploratory research conducted between 2019 and 2020, whose theoretical framework was Complex Thinking, from Morin's perspective. The Grounded Theory was used as a methodological reference. Students and professors of undergraduate courses at a public federal university participated in the research. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection technique. Results: from the analytical process emerged the category Meanings of entrepreneurship in nursing: perspective of undergraduate students and professors, supported in the following subcategories: listing barriers to the connections between entrepreneurship and nursing; relations between undergraduate nursing teaching-learning about entrepreneurship; relating nursing to entrepreneurship. Final considerations: the meanings revealed about entrepreneurship disclose a centralization in the business typology and a distancing from social entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, thus signaling disconnections with the undergraduate nursing education.

Global Health Update: World Health Assembly Focuses on Public Health.

Resolutions include strengthening access to nurse midwives in underserved areas.

Postgraduate Programs in Orthopaedic Surgery for Physician Assistants and Nurse Practitioners.

Postgraduate orthopaedic programs for physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) number 14 as of 2020. To better understand the characteristics of these programs a census was undertaken. The result is that most programs are 1 year in duration and in 2019 produced 40 graduates. The role of the orthopaedic PA and NP fellow is to gain an understanding of a wide range of musculoskeletal disorders, develop procedural skills, first assist in the operating room, and facilitate management of patients and discharge throughput. PA and NP fellows work alongside categorical orthopaedic physician residents. The number of graduates from PA orthopaedic training programs is estimated at 200, spanning 20 years. The other 11,145 + PAs (99%) are trained on-the-job. For hospital systems, the employment of orthopaedic postgraduate PA and NP fellows provides value through cost management and billable services.

Nurse Practitioners' Implementation of Evidence-Based Practice Into Routine Care: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) is essential for ensuring high-quality health care at minimum cost. Although all nurses have a responsibility to implement EBP at an individual patient level, nurse practitioners (NPs) as clinical leaders have additional responsibilities in leading and collaborating with transdisciplinary teams to implement EBP across patient groups and embed practice change into routine care. AIM: To explore the factors affecting the implementation of EBP into routine care by NPs. Specifically, to examine NP beliefs, levels of EBP implementation, and barriers and enablers to EBP implementation into routine care. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley (International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8, 2005, 19) framework. The electronic databases CINAHL, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published between 2009 and 2018 along with gray literature and reference lists of included articles. Abstracts and studies were screened using predefined eligibility criteria. Data extraction was undertaken using a standardized framework and data synthesis completed. RESULTS: Seven studies were included in the review. Findings indicated NPs valued EBP and believed it to be important in standardizing patient care. NPs' implementation of EBP was found to be relatively low overall. It was not possible to fully determine the extent to which NPs implemented EBP into routine care. NPs experienced similar barriers to EBP implementation as do nurse generalists such as lack of time, lack of EBP competence, lack of support from colleagues and managers, and inadequate resources. In particular, NPs identified collaborative practice issues as factors affecting EBP implementation. Identified barriers included physician-driven practice and the need to maintain professional and political boundaries. Supportive collaborative relationships and having professional confidence were identified facilitators. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: An exploration of NPs' experience of interprofessional collaboration when implementing EBP into routine care is needed to identify requirements for support in this area.

Role and Growth of Independent Medicare-Billing Otolaryngologic Advanced Practice Providers.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role and growth of independently billing otolaryngology (ORL) advanced practice providers (APPs) within a Medicare population. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Physician and Other Supplier Data Files, 2012-2017. METHODS: This retrospective review included data and analysis of independent Medicare-billing ORL APPs. Total sums and medians were gathered for Medicare reimbursements, services performed, number of patients, and unique Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes used, along with geographic and sex distributions. RESULTS: There has been near-linear growth in number of ORL APPs (13.7% to 18.4% growth per year), with a 115.4% growth from 2012 to 2017. Similarly, total Medicare-allowed reimbursement (2012: $15,568,850; 2017: $35,548,446.8), total number of services performed (2012: 313,676; 2017: 693,693.7), and total number of Medicare fee-for-service (FFS) patients (2012: 108,667; 2017: 238,506) increased. Medians of per APP number of unique CPT codes used, Medicare-allowed reimbursement, number of services performed, and number of Medicare FFS patients have remained constant. There were consistently more female APPs than male APPs (female APP proportion range: 71.3%-76.7%). Compared to ORL physicians, there was a significantly greater proportion of APPs practicing in a rural setting as opposed to urban settings (2017: APP proportion 13.6% vs ORL proportion 8.4%; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Although their scope of practice has remained constant, independently billing ORL APPs are rapidly increasing in number, which has led to increased Medicare reimbursements, services, and patients. ORL APPs tend to be female and are used more heavily in regions with fewer ORL physicians.

Patterns and Predictors of Professional Interpreter Use in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Professional interpretation for patients with limited English proficiency remains underused. Understanding predictors of use is crucial for intervention. We sought to identify factors associated with professional interpreter use during pediatric emergency department (ED) visits. METHODS: We video recorded ED visits for a subset of participants (n = 50; 20% of the total sample) in a randomized trial of telephone versus video interpretation for Spanish-speaking limited English proficiency families. Medical communication events were coded for duration, health professional type, interpreter (none, ad hoc, or professional), and content. With communication event as the unit of analysis, associations between professional interpreter use and assigned interpreter modality, health professional type, and communication content were assessed with multivariate random-effects logistic regression, clustered on the patient. RESULTS: We analyzed 312 communication events from 50 ED visits (28 telephone arm, 22 video arm). Professional interpretation was used for 36% of communications overall, most often for detailed histories (89%) and least often for procedures (11%) and medication administrations (8%). Speaker type, communication content, and duration were all significantly associated with professional interpreter use. Assignment to video interpretation was associated with significantly increased use of professional interpretation for communication with providers (adjusted odds ratio 2.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.1-7.0). CONCLUSIONS: Professional interpreter use was inconsistent over the course of an ED visit, even for patients enrolled in an interpretation study. Assignment to video rather than telephone interpretation led to greater use of professional interpretation among physicians and nurse practitioners but not nurses and other staff.

An immersive clinical experience to create sustainable clinical learning opportunities for nurse practitioner students.

ABSTRACT: A significant increase in nurse practitioner program enrollment has resulted in a critical need for committed preceptors willing to offer clinical learning opportunities for students. Academic practice partnerships have been proposed as a strategy to address the preceptorship crisis. This project evaluated the impact of a longitudinal immersive clinical experience designed for nurse practitioner students in collaboration with two federally qualified health centers and an underserved clinic within an academic health center. The study used a pre- and postsurvey method to determine the impact of an immersive clinical experience on preceptor perceptions of benefits and rewards, support, and commitment to the role. A statistically significant increase in preceptor perception of support was noted in three areas. Participants reported increased opportunity to share information with other preceptors, improved support from nursing faculty to help identify students' performance problems, and greater clarity in faculty responsibilities related to the preceptor role. Increases in perceptions of benefits and rewards and commitment to the preceptor role did not reach statistical significance. Immersive clinical experiences have the potential to improve the levels of preceptor support, commitment, and perceived opportunities for benefits and rewards, which may facilitate the development of high-quality, sustainable clinical learning opportunities for nurse practitioner students.

The changing landscape of PAs and NPs in nephrology.

BACKGROUND: Physician assistants (PAs) and NPs have expanded roles in nephrology as both the patient load and acuity of care needed for this population have increased. PURPOSE: To evaluate the workforce patterns of PAs and NPs working in nephrology over the past decade. METHODS: Using the biannual survey from the National Kidney Foundation Council of Advanced Practitioners, data were collected and analyzed over the past decade. RESULTS: Surveys of nephrology practitioners show the evolution of the dialysis-focused practitioner to one encompassing all aspects of nephrology: hospital, ICU, research, office, and all types of dialysis. Salaries and benefits have increased to compensate for the expansion of responsibilities. CONCLUSIONS: PAs and NPs in nephrology have the opportunity to use their skills and training in caring for this high-risk population.

Origin and Outcomes of Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Practice.

Acute care nurse practitioners (NPs) are educated, clinically trained, and board certified to care for acutely and critically ill patients, largely in hospital settings. Acute care NPs can positively impact patient care outcomes and are often added to acute care teams to drive optimal, reliable, efficient, and safe care, often referred to as "high value" care.

Peripheral venipuncture practices performed by nursing professionals in a university hospital / Práticas de venopunção periférica dos profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital universitário / Prácticas de venopunción periférica de profesionales de enfermería en un hospital universitario

Objective:The study's main purpose has been to characterize the peripheral venipuncture practices performed by nursing professionals providing care to pediatric and geriatric patients in a Brazilian Southern university hospital. Methods: It is a descriptive and observational study with a quantitative approach, which was performed in a Brazilian Southern university hospital over the period from December 2015 to June 2016, counting with 14 nursing professionals who were performing peripheral venipuncture in children and elderly people at the study's data collection time. Results: A total of 20 observations were made for the elderly group and 5 for the pediatric group. During all observations there was some divergence with the theoretical orientation that could result in harm to the patient and/or professional. Conclusion: By carrying out this study, it was noticed a variation of the technique and divergences between the practiced actions, therefore, underlining the importance of defining standard procedures and techniques based on scientific reasoning to promote patient safety

Objetivo: Caracterizar as práticas de punção venosa periférica executadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem no cuidado aos pacientes pediátricos e geriátricos em um hospital universitário do sul do país. Método: Quantitativo, observacional descritivo. Realizado em um hospital universitário da região sul do país, de dezembro de 2015 a junho de 2016, com 14 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem durante a realização da prática de punção venosa periférica em crianças e idosos. Resultados: Realizou-se 20 observações para o grupo de idosos e 5 para o grupo pediátrico, e em todas as observações houveram alguma divergência com a orientação teórica que poderia resultar em um dano ao paciente e/ou profissional. Conclusão: Ao realizar esse estudo, percebeu-se uma variação da técnica e divergências entre as ações praticadas, destacando a importância da padronização e desenvolvimento de técnicas a partir de fundamentação científica para promoção da segurança do paciente

Objetivo: Caracterizar las prácticas de punción venosa periférica que realizan los profesionales de enfermería en la atención de pacientes pediátricos y geriátricos en un hospital universitario del sur del país. Método: cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo. Realizado en un hospital universitario de la región sur del país, de diciembre de 2015 a junio de 2016, con 14 profesionales del equipo de enfermería durante la práctica de venopunción periférica en niños y ancianos. Resultados: se realizaron 20 observaciones para el grupo de ancianos y 5 para el grupo de pediatría, y en todas las observaciones hubo alguna divergencia con la orientación teórica que podría resultar en daño al paciente y / o profesional. Conclusión: Al realizar este estudio se observó una variación de la técnica y divergencias entre las acciones realizadas, destacando la importancia de la estandarización y el desarrollo de técnicas con fundamento científico para promover la seguridad del paciente

The Expanding Role of the Canadian Nurse Practitioner in Medical Aesthetics.

Advanced practice in nursing is well established and has been active since the 1800s. In most cases, the role was developed because of a specific need or gap in patient care. Advanced practice nurses (APNs) have been experts in medical aesthetic injections for more than 30 years. The APNs' independence became increasingly common as a mechanism of continuity of care for the non-surgical-medical aesthetic patients. The APN role has evolved, and nurse practitioners (NPs) are now collaborating with nurses safely and effectively in nurse-led clinics in medical aesthetics. There are specific education and college regulations that are required to ensure patient safety in this collaborative care model. The role of the NP in a nurse-led medical aesthetic clinic is an accepted and recognized independent practice role that creates an innovative and well-regulated approach to patient care.

Prevention of veteran suicide in community settings: Patient safety resources.

As a recently retired Army Nurse Corps officer with almost 30 years of service to my country, I want to ensure that my fellow nurse practitioners (NPs) are aware of their role in ensuring high quality and safe patient care to all veterans who are accessing care outside of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Specifically, NPs who work outside the VHA have an opportunity to participate in patient safety efforts aimed at reducing veteran suicide. On June 6, 2018, Congress passed Public Law 115-182 or the Veterans Affairs Maintaining Internal Systems and Strengthening Integrated Outside Networks (MISSION) Act. A goal of the MISSION Act is to ensure that veterans have access to health care by streamlining eligibility criteria for community care. A veteran who drives more than 30 minutes or waits more than 20 days for a primary care or mental health appointment may be eligible to be sent to a community care provider such as an NP. Therefore, NPs and other providers who work in community settings have an obligation to know more about the mental and physical health care needs of veterans as well as the resources that have been developed by the VHA to assist them.