A historical glance: Challenges for male nurses.

Nurses are primary care providers and are responsible for caring of patients. Since centuries, the nursing profession has been known as a profession only for females. Therefore, the history of nurses in early ages only states the role of the female, although males at that time also took part in patient-care along with females. The aim of this paper is to provide detailed review of national and international literature available related to male nursing students, and their experiences in the nursing profession.

A inserção masculina na Enfermagem: o que se escreve sobre esta questão? / La inserción masculina en la Enfermería: ¿qué se ha escrito sobre esta cuestión? / Male insertion in nursing: what is writing on this question?

Estudo cujos objetivos foram identificar e analisar produções científicas sobre a inserção masculina no exercício da Enfermagem. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com amostra de 47 artigos publicados em bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais. O método utilizado foi uma estratégia de busca onde articulou-se as palavras-chaves com os boleanos AND e OR em diferentes combinações para encontrar o maior número de produções. Os resultados permitiram construir quatro categorias: o exercício da enfermagem por homens se deu no contexto religioso e pela sua força física; a feminilização da enfermagem se deu pela modernização por Florence Nightingale; o homem na Enfermagem alcança mais facilmente cargos de poder e prestigio por sua masculinidade e os enfermeiros exercem a profissão também por realização pessoal embora sofram preconceito. Concluiu-se que a Enfermagem continua sendo majoritariamente feminina, mas com a presença masculina aumentando gradativamente. Os homens, ao se inserirem na enfermagem, desenvolvem estratégias para superar as dificuldades de ser homem e tornar-se enfermeiro (AU)

Estudios cuyos objetivos han sido identificar y analizar producciones científicas sobre la inserción masculina en el ejercicio de la enfermería. Se trata de una revisión integrativa con amuestra de 47 artículos publicados en bancos de datos nacionales e internacionales. El método utilizado fue una estrategia de búsqueda donde se articuló las palabras claves con los booleanos AND y OR en distintas combinaciones para encontrar el mayor número de producciones. Los resultados permitieron construir cuatros categorías: el ejercicio de la enfermería por hombres se inició en el contexto religioso y por su fuerza física, la feminización de la enfermería empezó por la modernización con Florence Nightingale: el hombre en la enfermería alcanza con más facilidad cargos de poder y prestigio por su masculinidad y los enfermeros también ejercen la profesión por realización personal aunque sufran prejuicios. Se concluye que la enfermería sigue siendo mayormente femenina, pero la presencia masculina ha aumentado gradualmente. Los hombres, al integrarse en la enfermería, desarrollan estrategia para superar las dificultades de ser hombre y hacerse enfermero (AU)

Study whose objectives were to identify and analyze scientific production about the male insertion in the practice of nursing. This was an integrative review with sample of 47 articles published in national and international databases. The method used was a search strategy where an articulated the keywords with the words AND and OR in different combinations to find as many productions. The results showed four categories: the practice of nursing by men occurred in there ligious context and its physical strength; the feminization of nursing occurred by modernization with Florence Nightingale; it is easier to man in nursing to achieve power positions because of their masculinity and they also exercising the profession for personal fulfillment though they suffer preconception. It was concluded that nursing is still predominantly female but with the male presence gradually increasing. It was observed that for men to integrate into the nursing they develop strategies to overcome the difficulties of being a man and become nurse (AU)

Scope of practice in Primary Care: physicians and nurses in five health regions in Brazil / Escopos de prática na Atenção Primária: médicos e enfermeiros em cinco regiões de saúde do Brasil

Objectives: The review on scopes of practice tends to gain importance in Human Resource in Health agenda in Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the scope of practice of physicians and nurses who work in the Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) (Primary Healthcare) and their main barriers. Methods: this is an exploratory qualitative study conducted in 2015 and 2016, through interviews with 26 physicians and 26 nurses who work in the APS in 12 cities distributed in five Brazilian health regions. Results: physicians and nurses in the health region of the North and Northeast performed a great number of procedures, and those physicians who work in units located in rural areas. Both professional categories indicated that they knew how to carry out several procedures that were not performed in practice. The main barriers for not performing those procedures include, lack of access to exams, materials and inadequate infrastructure, protocols and city guides restrictions, legal restrictions and lack of training. Conclusions: the results suggests the need to ease the health professionals’ attributions, facilitate the integration between the professionals’ practices and optimizing their work, especially in remote and unassisted regions, in order to be in favor of expanding the access and problem solving in APS.

Objetivos: A revisão dos escopos de prática tende a ganhar importância crescente na agenda dos Recursos Humanos em Saúde no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o escopo de prática de médicos e enfermeiros que atuam na Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) e suas principais barreiras. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa realizado em 2015 e 2016, por meio de entrevistas com 26 médicos e 26 enfermeiros que atuam na APS em 12 municípios, distribuídos em cinco regiões de saúde brasileiras. Resultados: médicos e enfermeiros em regiões de saúde no Norte e Nordeste realizam maior número de procedimentos, e ainda aqueles médicos que atuam em unidades localizadas em áreas rurais. Ambas as categorias profissionais indicaram saber realizar diversos procedimentos que não são realizados na prática. As principais barreiras para a não realização dos mesmos incluem, entre outras, falta de acesso a exames, insumos e infraestrutura inadequada, restrições de protocolos e guias municipais, restrições legais e a falta de capacitação. Conclusões: os resultados sugerem a necessidade de flexibilizar as atribuições dos profissionais de saúde, facilitando a integração entre as práticas destes profissionais, e otimizando seu trabalho, principalmente naquelas regiões mais remotas e desassistidas, de forma a favorecer a ampliação do acesso e resolutividade na APS.

La transformación de los procesos enfermeros de terapia intensiva e intermedia del Hosptial San Bernardo, en la Provincia de Salta, año 2010 / The transformation of nursing processes of intensive and intermediate care Hosptial San Bernardo, Province of Salta, 2010

El presente trabajo comienza con una visión de los diferente tipos de Sistemas Salud por los que transitó nuestro País hasta llegar al Modelo de Gestión Hospitalaria que actualmente se implementa. Se profundizara en los conceptos de Procesos de Gestión, Procesos Enfermeros y Gestión Estratégica. Se establecerá los cambios efectuados en los Procesos Enfermeros, Expectativa del Enfermero en los servicios de Terapia Intensiva e Intermedia. El enfoque de la Gestión por Proceso pretende incorporar los elementos claves de la gestión estratégica a los procesos enfermeros para hacerlos más competitivos y dotarlos de mayor calidad. La novedad estriba en identificar, situar y definir los Procesos Enfermeros, de manera que podamos conocer las consecuencias que dicha sistematización tiene en la estructura hospitalaria, si existen y son adecuadas las normas que lo regulan, si son eficientes y poder obtener una mejor evaluación de sus impactos. El momento es propicio para que la Profesión de Enfermería realice sus proyectos de cambio y brinde respuestas efectivas y dinámicas en función de los procesos establecidos, influyendo sobre otros profesionales de la salud, para que participen en los procesos de reforma del Sistema Sanitario...

This paper begins with an overview of the different types of health systems through which transited our country up to the Hospital Management model currently being implemented. It explores in depth the concepts of Process Management, Process and Strategic Management Nurses. Changes to be established in the Process Nurses, Nurse Expectation on Intensive Care and Intermediate. Focus on Process Management intends to incorporate the key elements of strategic management processes to make them more competitive nurses and provide them with better quality. The novelty is to identify, locate and define the processes nurses, so that we can know the consequences of such systematization is in the hospital structure, if any, and the appropriateness of rules governing it, if they are efficient and to allow a better assessment of impacts. The time is ripe for Nursing Professionals make your change projects and provide effective and dynamic responses according to established processes, influencing other health professionals, to participate in the process of reform of the health system. The focus of this methodology is a major challenge in healthcare organizations, since it requires a cultural change in all professionals, facilitating greater synergy of all participants that dominate the different lines of action involved in the process (medical divisions , nurse and logistics)...

Jornada de trabalho e comportamento de saúde entre enfermeiros de hospitais de grande porte no município do Rio de Janeiro / Working hours and health behavior among nurses in large hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro

O presente estudo tem como objetivos analisar as diferenças de gênero na descrição da jornada profissional e doméstica e avaliar sua associação com comportamentos relacionados à saúde entre enfermeiros envolvidos com assistência hospitalar no município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de um censo realizado em 18 hospitais de grande porte entre 2011 e 2011. (...) O fator tempo é fundamental na prática e adoção de uma vida mais saudável. Portanto, considerar a jornada profissional e doméstica nos estudos que avaliam a saúde, o cuidado prestado é particularmente relevante no contexto de trabalhadores de enfermagem. Em que pese suas limitações,o objetivo principal deste estudo foi alcançado. Os resultados ressaltam a necessidade de atividades de promoção da saúde entre enfermeiros do contexto dos hospitais públicos.

Gender differences in the roles and functions of inpatient psychiatric nurses.

This study explored the difference between male and female psychiatric nurses' job performance and job satisfaction levels on an acute care inpatient unit. The amount of time male (n = 28) and female (n = 45) nurses spent on 10 specific functions and roles during a shift were observed and recorded. The nurses also self-rated the amount of time they spent on these specific functions and roles. The observed and self-rated functions were then correlated with job satisfaction. Female nurses were observed and self-rated as spending significantly more time on patient care activities, and these activities were significantly correlated with higher job satisfaction levels. Male nurses who self-rated spending more time on patient care activities had significantly lower job satisfaction scores. Findings confirm the concepts from social role theory that gender identity and expectations influence job performance in psychiatric nursing. The results offer insight for increasing job satisfaction and recruitment/retention efforts.

Male nurses and the protection of female patient dignity.

Nurses need to be aware of their professional, legal and ethical responsibilities towards patients. Male nurses in particular face problems in their practice as a result of their gender and the stereotypes associated with male nurses. Such stereotypes can act as a barrier to their duty of care. This article examines the challenges associated with male nurses carrying out intimate, physical care. It discusses the ethical, legal and professional issues that male nurses should consider in relation to maintenance of patient dignity during nursing care provision, particularly in relation to female patients.

School for health sciences university students' opinions about male nurses.

This study was conducted after the new nursing law was passed in Turkey in May 2007. According to the old nursing law in Turkey, only women could legally work as nurses. However, the new law made it possible for men to work as nurses as well. The researchers who conducted this study developed a survey for determining university nursing and midwifery students' opinions about the concept of a male nurse. No sampling method was used in this research, and the survey was administered to all students who came to school on the dates it was administered and agreed to participate voluntarily. A total of 331 students (88.7%) were administered the survey personally by the researchers. Of the participants in the study, 53.5% were in nursing and 46.5% were in midwifery schools. The majority (82.2%) of the students thought that nursing should be done by both genders, 74.0% thought that having male members of the profession would have a part in the advancement of the profession, 72.8% thought that male nurses should be admitted to schools, 61.3% thought that male nurses could give care to male and female patients, and 80.7% thought that they could work in harmony with male and female nurses. In general, the students at our university have a positive attitude toward male nurses.

Men and masculinities in forensic psychiatric care: an interview study concerning male nurses' experiences of working with male caregivers and male patients.

Forensic psychiatric care is largely populated by men--as patients, caregivers, and nurses. Previous research has not focused on the meaning of gender in this context. The aim of this study is to analyse male nurses' experiences of working with male caregivers and attending to male patients in forensic psychiatric care. Data were collected through interviews with six male nurses. The results consist of five themes. Protection and defence are key aspects of care and male caregivers gain status and authority through their physical strength. This could hamper caring and provide male caregivers with a superior position in the department.

Men, medics, and nursing: The military might just provide a way to curtail the nursing shortage.

The military might just provide a way to curtail the nursing shortage.

Perceived and real barriers for men entering nursing: implications for gender diversity.

UNLABELLED: The objective of this literature review is to describe the perceived or real barriers to men seeking a career in nursing, and to suggest strategies for ameliorating barriers. A literature search exploring barriers existing for men pursuing nursing was conducted. Although the literature underscored the structure of nursing has changed substantially over the last fifty years, these changes have not always provoked a change in the public's perception of nursing. Barriers for men entering nursing still exist. Implications for gender diversity in nursing are discussed. PRECIS: Strategies for decreasing barriers experienced by males entering nursing are warranted.

The multifaceted influence of gender in career progress in nursing.

The complex web of gender influence in the workplace results from a multifaceted interplay of factors [Walby et al. (1994) Medicine and Nursing. Sage Publications, London]. Literature reports that in nursing men's success compared with that of women is disproportionate and substantial evidence of gender-based disadvantage is found [Women in Management Review13 (1998) 184]. However, studies have not addressed the specific reasons for this and little is known of how or what influences nurses' career decisions and developments [Journal of Advanced Nursing25 (1997) 602]. Those studies which examine career developments and patterns are mainly found in the private business sector.

Patients' preferences for nurses' gender in Jordan.

The purpose of the study was to examine patients' preferences for nurses' gender in Jordan. The public, private and university hospitals are represented by selecting one major hospital from each health sector. The sample size was 919 participants. Data were collected by a questionnaire through standardized individual interviews with patients. The findings of the study indicate that gender preferences are stronger among female patients than among male patients. Furthermore, two-thirds of female patients preferred female nurses, whereas only 3.4% preferred male nurses to care for them. In contrast, one-third of male patients' preferred male nurses, and only 10% preferred female nurses. The authors recommend that the high percentage of male nursing students need to be reconsidered by health policy-makers in Jordan.