Complicações de estomia intestinal e pele periestoma: evidências para o cuidado de enfermagem / Complications of ostomy bowel and peristomal skin: evidence for nursing care / Complicaciones de la ostomía intestinal y de la piel peristoma: evidencia para el cuidado de enfermeira

Objetivo: identificar e analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as complicações de estomia intestinal e pele periestoma. Método: revisão integrativa, em bases virtuais de dados, com inclusão de estudos do tipo ensaio clínico randomizado, publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, no período de maio 2013 a maio de 2019. Resultados: foram selecionados 19 estudos e agrupados em três categorias: técnicas cirúrgicas apontando técnicas inovadoras acerca do tipo de suturas, ressecção e exteriorização de alça intestinal, além de reforços para prevenção de hérnias; barreiras de pele e equipamentos coletores, abordando principalmente as barreiras de pele para prevenção e tratamento da dermatite; cuidados de enfermagem mostrando cuidados e programas de acompanhamento, como visitas domiciliares, consultas e programas educativos. Conclusões: As estratégias descritas nos estudos revisados são importantes na medida em que poderão enriquecer o conhecimento do enfermeiro e dessa forma reduzir complicações de estomia e pele periestoma e melhorar a qualidade de vida dessas pessoas.

Objective: to identify and analyze the evidence available in the literature on the complications of intestinal ostomy and peristomal skin. Method: integrative review in virtual databases, including randomized clinical trialstudies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese, from May 2013 to May 2019. Results: 19 studies were selected and grouped into three categories: surgical techniques pointing innovative techniques about the type of sutures, resection and externalization of the intestinal loop, in addition to reinforcements to prevent hernias; skin barriers and collecting equipment, mainly addressing skin barriers for the prevention and treatment of dermatitis; nursing care showing care and follow-up programs such as home visits, consultations, and educational programs. Conclusion: the strategies described in the reviewed studies are important as they may enrich the knowledge of nurses and thus reduce complications of ostomy and peristome skin and improve the quality of life of these people.

Objetivo: identificar y analizar la evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre las complicaciones de la ostomía intestinal y la piel peristomal. Método: revisión integradora en bases de datos virtuales, incluidos estudios de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados en inglés, español y portugués, de mayo de 2013 a mayo de 2019. Resultados: se seleccionaron 19 estudios y se agruparon en tres categorías: técnicas quirúrgicas que apuntan técnicas innovadoras sobre el tipo de suturas, resección y externalización del asa intestinal, además de refuerzos para prevenir hernias; barreras cutáneas y equipos de recolección, principalmente para abordar las barreras cutáneas para la prevención y el tratamiento de la dermatitis; atención de enfermería que muestra programas de atención y seguimiento, como visitas domiciliarias, consultas y programas educativos. Conclusiones: Las estrategias descritas en los estudios revisados on importantes ya que pueden enriquecer el conocimiento de las enfermeras y, por lo tanto, reducir las complicaciones de la ostomía y la piel peristómica y mejorar la calidad de vida de estas personas.

The limited prognostic value of liver histology in children with biliary atresia.

UNLABELLED: Background and rationale for the study. The aim of the study was to determine the prognostic value of histopathological findings with special care to the severity of liver fibrosis at the moment of hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) in children with biliary atresia (BA). We performed analysis of 142 wedge liver biopsies taken at the time of HPE. All patients were operated by the same surgical team between 1995 and 2007. According to the outcome 6 months after HPE patients were divided into prognostic groups: group 1-bilirubin level < 2 mg% (n = 65), group 2-bilirubin level > 2 mg% (n = 77). Liver biopsies were re-evaluated according to the extended histopathological protocol and then were compared between the prognostic groups. Survival with native liver (SNL) estimates were performed in regard to severity of liver fibrosis. RESULTS: Survival with native liver estimates after 2, 5 and 10 years in patients after successful operation were 96%, 91%, 75% vs. 30%, 11%, and 5% if operation failed (p < 0.001). There was no difference between groups in the following variables: fibrosis (p = 0.69), portal inflammation (p = 0.99), lobular inflammation (p = 0.95), cholangiolitis (p = 0.23), accumulation of bile pigments (zone 1:p = 0.49; zone 2:p = 0.51; zone 3:p = 0.48), bile plugs in canaliculi (p = 0.12), bile plugs in ducts (p = 0.32), bilirubinostasis in hepatocytes (p = 0.45), bile ductular proliferation (p = 0.59), ductal plate malformation (p = 0.12), focal necrosis (p = 0.44), giant cell transformation (p = 0.45), haematopoesis (p = 0.52), ductopenia (p = 0.46), microabscesses (p = 0.49), ballooning of hepatocytes (p = 0.08). The actuarial 5/10-year SNL was not dependent on severity of liver fibrosis (log-rank test p = 0.84). The severity of fibrosis corresponded neither with the age at HPE nor with the laboratory findings before operation but increased the risk of portal hypertension. CONCLUSION: Liver histology at the time of HPE is of limited value in prognosis making in BA.

Complicaciones de ileostomías y colostomías de protección en cirugía por cáncer de recto / Ileostomy and colostomy complications of protection in rectal cancer surgery

Introducción: en los últimos años, la tradicional colostomía lateral utilizada para proteger las anastomosis colorrectales bajas, ha sido reemplazada en muchos centros por una ileostomía en asa. Si bien se ha generado cierta controversia entre ambas técnicas, aún no ha quedado claramente demostrado qué técnica es la más recomendada. Objetivo: comparar el índice de complicaciones de ileostomías y colostomías de protección en cirugías por cáncer de recto. Material y Método: se analizaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes operados de cáncer de recto, entre 2002 y 2012, a los que se les realizó una ostomía de protección. Se excluyó a los pacientes a los cuales por diversas razones nunca se les restableció el tránsito intestinal. Los parámetros analizados fueron: edad, sexo, complicaciones del ostoma, complicaciones del cierre del ostoma y mortalidad. Las complicaciones fueron clasificadas con la escala STROC. Se analizó un total de 106 pacientes (59 hombres y 47 mujeres). La edad promedio fue de 64 años (24 a 89). Se realizaron 80 ileostomías en asa (Grupo IA) y 26 colostomías laterales transversas (Grupo CLT). Se utilizó para el análisis estadístico el test de Fisher. Resultados: hubo 12 complicaciones relacionadas con la confección de las ostomías (11.3%). Esto incluye 11 complicaciones de ileostomías (13,7%) y una de las colostomías (3,8%) (p=0,15). No hubo mortalidad. Con relación al cierre del ostoma, hubo 18 complicaciones con una incidencia del 16,9%; de estas, 10 correspondieron al grupo IA (12,5%), y 8 al grupo CLT (30,8%) (p=0,03). Dentro de estas complicaciones del cierre de los ostomas, la más frecuente fue la infección de la herida quirúrgica, de la que se registraron 7 casos, 2 en el grupo IA y 5 en el grupo CLT (p=0,009)... (TRUNCADO)

Background: in recent years, the traditional lateral colostomy used to protect low colorectal anastomosis has been replaced in many centers by a loop ileostomy. While some controversy was generated between the two techniques it has not yet been clearly demonstrated which of them is the best choice. Objective: to compare the rate of complications of ileostomy and colostomy protection after rectal cancer surgery. Material and Methods: we retrospectively analyzed all patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery who needed a protective stoma between 2002 and 2012. We excluded patients to whom intestinal transit was never restored. The parameters analyzed were: age, sex, stoma complications, closure of stoma complications and mortality. Complications were classified according to STROC scale. We analyzed a total of 106 patients (59 men and 47 women), mean age was 64 years (24-89). This included 80 loop ileostomies (Group IA) and 26 lateral transverse colostomies (CLT Group). Fisher’s test was used for statistical analysis. Results: there were 12 complications related to the making of the ostomy (11,3%). This included 11 ileostomy complications (13,7%), and one after a colostomy (3,8%) (p=0,15). There was no mortality. Regarding the closure of the stoma, there were 18 complications with an incidence of 16,9%. Of these, 10 occurred in group IA (12,5%), and 8 in CLT group (30,8%) (p=0,03). Within stoma closure complications, infection of the surgical wound was the most common, with 7 cases, 2 in group IA and 5 in the CLT group (p = 0,009). The mortality rate was 2,8%, 2,5% corresponded to the ileostomy group and 3,8% corresponded to the colostomy group (p=0,57). Conclusions: the implementation of a stoma should be clearly justified since the procedure is not without complications... (TRUNCATED)

Enterostomy tube placement in children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the major complication rate in the first 30 days after enterostomy tube insertion in infants with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case review of all children with SMA type 1 who had a gastrostomy or gastrojejunostomy tube placed by the image-guided technique at the Hospital for Sick Children from 1994-2004. Major complications were classified as peritonitis, aspiration pneumonia, respiratory failure, nonelective admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, and death. RESULTS: Twelve children were identified as having SMA type 1 with an enterostomy tube insertion. The median age at tube insertion was 6.1 months (range 2.2 to 15.8 months). Major complications in the first 30 days after the procedure included aspiration pneumonia (5/12 patients [41.6%]), respiratory failure requiring admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (4/12 [33%]), and death (2/12 [16.7%]). Children with development of aspiration pneumonia were significantly older at time of tube insertion (P < .05) than those with no aspiration. CONCLUSIONS: Major complications including death are seen in children with SMA type 1 in the first 30 days after enterostomy tube insertion.

The pouch acting as a mediator between "being a person with an ostomy" and "being a professional": analysis of a pedagogical strategy.

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the process of constructing and reconstructing the meanings of the concepts ostomy, ostomy patient, and the nurse's role in managing an ostomy after the experience of wearing a pouch. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Thirty nurses who were students in the Enterostomal Therapy Nursing Education Program in 1992 and 1993 participated in this study. All of the participants were female, ages 20 to 55 years, had graduated from nursing at least 6 years previously, and had been working at acute care hospital units or at outpatient care centers. The research was completed at the Enterostomal Therapy Nursing Education Program in the Nursing College of the University of São Paulo. METHODS: All participants wore a pouch and lived as an ostomy patient for a 24-hour period and then were interviewed about their experience. Two major themes were identified after analysis: "being a person with an ostomy" and "being a professional." RESULTS: The experience of wearing a pouch promoted changes in perceived role, self-esteem, body image, sexuality, and social relations. These changes were sometimes perceived as stigmatization and sometimes as enhancing social support. The perceptions caused a crisis that provoked the use of coping and social defense mechanisms that ultimately altered the participants' perceptions of the meaning of "being a nurse." Prior to this learning experience, the participants' management of patients with ostomies was fragmented and marked by a dissociation among activity, thinking, and feeling. Before the experiences, participants defined their management of patients with ostomies as mostly technical, focusing on the ostomy and the pouch. Following the experience, participants proposed changes in practice designed to care for the whole human being, revealing an incorporation of the affective, symbolic, and relational dimensions critical to managing the care of patients with an ostomy. CONCLUSION: The results showed that having subjects wear a pouch as a pedagogic strategy was successful in directing the participants' thinking about new meanings concerning "being a professional," resulting in some potential profound changes in the future nursing care of their patients.

Gastric carcinoma: curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy.

A retrospective study of gastric adenocarcinoma treated with surgery as curative attempt was performed at the Oncology Service, in the Hospital Regional 20 de Noviembre, ISSSTE. Morbidity and mortality of the surgical procedures were evaluated, the significance of several risk factors and the survival impact of adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C (MMC). In the period from 1975 to 1991 a total of 483 new cases were seen. In only 54 patients (11.2%) was it possible to undertake a curative resection. The patients were assigned to three groups of treatment: surgery alone (14 cases), surgery + 5-FU (19 cases), and surgery + 5-FU+MMC (21 cases). Three different types of surgical techniques are regularly performed in our service for gastric cancer treatment: Billroth II distal gastrectomy, total gastrectomy with Roux-En-Y reconstruction, and esophagogastrectomy with esophagogastrostomy. Surgical morbidity and mortality was low, with 9% of duodenal stump fistulas and 27% with partial stenosis of esophagojejunostomy; the operative mortality was zero. Chemotherapy toxicity was transient and low, no related deaths were recorded. The prognostic factors associated significantly with survival were lymph node status and tumor penetration. The histologic differentiation as well as the tumor location and type of surgery had no significance. The estimated 5-year survival of the patients treated with surgery alone was 62%, while that of the patients treated with surgery plus chemotherapy was 38%. These groups were not comparable, however, because of important differences in their prognostic factors. The groups treated with 5-FU alone or in combination with MMC had no survival difference between them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Identificacion de factores asociados a complicaciones cutaneas en ninos sometidos a ostomias / Identification of factors associated to cutaneous complications in children submitted to ostomies

Las complicaciones del area periostomal son un problema frecuente en los pacientes colostomizados. Existe poca informacion al respecto en pediatria; el presente estudio pretendio analizar la asociacion entre las condiciones generales del nino y el manejo habitual de la colostomia con la presencia de complicaciones cutaneas. Se realizo un estudio prospectivo en el Hospital Infantil Lorencita Villegas de Santso y en el Hospital Pediatrico de la Misericordia, en el periodo comprendido entre Enero-Junio de 1989. Se estudiaron 32 ninos, de los cuales a 19 se les realizaron 3 controles con intervalos de un mes. Se encontro asociacion estadistica con factores como la procedencia urbana, estomas de doble boca, colostomias en colon transverso, presencia de herida quirurgica proxima al estoma y el tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugia. No se encontro asociacion con otras condiciones generales del paciente ni con los factores del manejo de la colostomia, dejando un gran analisis sobre estos ya que es la primera investigacion del area en nuestro medio