A rare cutaneous tuberculosis form, erythema induratum of Bazin: 6 years' experience.

INTRODUCTION: Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) is a rare tuberculid form characterized by hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. There are a few case series related to EIB in the literature. We evaluated the demographic, clinical, treatment, and follow-up characteristics of patients diagnosed with EIB. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings as well as treatment and follow-up properties were evaluated in 22 patients retrospectively diagnosed with EIB between January 2013 and December 2018. RESULTS: Of the 22 patients,90.9% were female and 9.1% were male. The mean age was 57.2 ± 12.9 years. Ten of the patients had a history of contact with tuberculosis, and one had a history of active pulmonary tuberculosis. The purified protein derivate (PPD) test average was 18.1 mm. The lesions were located in the lower extremity in all patients and in the upper extremity in 31.8% of patients. Histopathologically, 22.7% had vasculitis, 27.3% were treated with four tuberculosis drugs, and 72.7% were followed without tuberculosis treatment. Treatment was continued for two patients, and 75.0% of the patients treated with a four-drug regimen recovered. Relapse was observed in one of the patients after 36 months. The recovery rate was found to be 87.5% in patients that did not receive tuberculosis treatment, and there were no relapses in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: EIB's etiopathogenesis is unknown. In total, 75.0% of the patients receiving tuberculosis treatment and 87.5% of the patients without tuberculosis treatment recovered in our study. The role of tuberculous therapy in the management of EIB is controversial. The selection of appropriate treatment for EIB continues to be an area of debate, and further studies are needed.

Program-wide review and follow-up of erythema Induratum of Bazin and tuberculosis-associated ocular inflammation management in a TB low-incidence setting: need for improved treatment candidate selection, therapy standardization, and care collaboration.

BACKGROUND: Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) - nodular vasculitis associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) - and Tuberculosis-Associated Ocular Inflammation (TB-AOI) represent uncommon manifestations of TB. There is limited data and a lack of diagnostic and treatment standards for these conditions. METHODS: Eleven-year retrospective review of EIB and TB-AOI cases managed in a provincial TB program with prospective phone-based follow-up of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) recipients. Presumptive TB-AOI and EIB diagnoses were determined by ophthalmologist or dermatologist assessments correlated with positive tuberculin skin test and/or QuantiFERON-TB Gold, along with pathologic criteria in EIB cases. RESULTS: Of 21 EIB and 20 TB-AOI cases that received ATT, 13 and 11, respectively, were reached for follow-up. The majority of EIB and TB-AOI cases were female and immigrated from TB high-burden countries. Median durations of pre-diagnosis symptoms were 2 and 0.8 years (IQR 2.5 & 1.1) for EIB and TB-AOI cases, respectively. Overall, 14 different ATT regimens were used for a median duration of 6 months (range 5-9). ATT related adverse events resulting in treatment discontinuation occurred in 14% of EIB and 10% of TB-AOI cases. On last follow-up, 76% of EIB and 42% of TB-AOI had improvement or resolution of disease. CONCLUSION: EIB and TB-AOI were uncommon presentations receiving variable therapy. While treatment response was modest for EIB cases, TB-AOI cases had sub-optimal treatment outcomes. The unique diagnostic and management challenges presented by these conditions in TB low-incidence settings highlight a need for improved treatment candidate selection, therapy standardization, and cross-specialty medical collaboration.

Granuloma fissuratum: entidad desconocida pero fácilmente identificable / Granuloma fissuratum: a little known, but easily identifiable, entity

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Tuberculosis cutánea: revisión del tema a propósito de dos casos / Cutaneous tuberculosis: two cases and literature review

La Tuberculosis Cutánea es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pese a ser una forma poco frecuente de presentación de la Tuberculosis, representa un gran desafío para los clínicos que se enfrentan a estos casos, debido principalmente a la gran diversidad de formas clínicas existentes. A continuación presentamos 2 casos clínicos de Tuberculosis Cutánea diagnosticados en el Hospital Regional de Talca y una revisión del tema basada en la clasificación, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad.

Cutaneous Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite being a rare presentation of the disease, Cutaneous Tuberculosis is a major challenge for clinicians who face these cases, mainly due to the great diversity of clinical forms. We present 2 cases of Cutaneous Tuberculosis diagnosed in Hospital Regional de Talca and a review of the topic based in classification, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Eritema indurado de Bazin: a propósito de un caso / Erythema induratum of Bazin: presentation of a case

Consideramos el eritema indurado de Bazin como un tipo de paniculitis. Dentro de este concepto se incluyen diversas enfermedades inflamatorias del tejido adiposo con origen etiopatogénico diferente. El estudio histopatológico nos aportará información sobre el tipo de infiltrado, que junto a la anamnesis y otras pruebas complementarias nos llevará al diagnóstico (AU)

Erythema induratum of Bazin is considered as a form of panniculitis. This concept includes various adipose tissue inflammatory diseases of different aetopathogenic origins. The histopathological study will give us information about the type of infiltration, which together with the anamnesis and other additional testing will lead to the diagnosis (AU)

Erythema nodosum and erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis): diagnosis and management.

Erythema nodosum is the most common type of panniculitis; it may be due to a variety of underlying infectious or otherwise antigenic stimuli. The pathogenesis remains to be elucidated, but both neutrophilic inflammation and granulomatous inflammation are implicated. Beyond treating underlying triggers, therapeutic options consist mainly of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, symptomatic care, potassium iodide, and colchicine. Erythema induratum (nodular vasculitis) is a related but distinctly different clinicopathologic reaction pattern of the subcutaneous fat. It is classically caused by an antigenic stimulus from Mycobacterium tuberculosis but may be associated with several other underlying disorders. After appropriate antimicrobial treatment in tuberculous cases, therapy for erythema induratum is similar to options for erythema nodosum.

Revisión de 11 casos de eritema indurado en un hospital de segundo nivel / Review of eleven cases of erythema induratum at a second level hospital

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Eritema Indurado de Bazin / Erythema Induratum of Bazin

El eritema indurado de Bazin, es una enfermedad nodular crónica, recurrente asociada a una hipersensibilidad al bacilo tuberculoso, que típicamente se localiza en la cara posterior de las piernas de mujeres de edad media, y cuyo patrón histopatológico es una paniculitis lobular con vasculitis y presencia de granuloma tuberculoide. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 18 años que acudió a la consulta por presentar placas eritematovioláceas en la cara interna y posterior de las piernas, de un mes de evolución. Se hace una breve revisión de ésta entidad y se recalca la importancia del diagnóstico diferencias con patologías que se presentan como nódulos o placas inflamatorias en las piernas.

The erythema induratum of Bazin is a recurrent chronic nodular disease associated to a hypersensibility to tuberculosis bacillus, that typically localizes in posterior aspects of legs of middle age women and with a histopathology pattern of lobular panniculitis with vasculitis and tuberculoid granuloma. A female patient 18 years old is presented with erythematous violaceous plaques at posterior and inner side of legs of one month of evolution. A brief revue of this entity is made whit especial emphasis on differential diagnoses.

Erythema induratum - a hypersensitivity reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Erythema induratum (also known as Bazin disease, tuberculosum, tuberculosis cutis indurativa and nodose tuberculid) is a rare condition that produces painful, firm, and sometimes ulcerated nodules on the lower legs. Distinctive and diagnostic histopathology comprises a septolobular panniculitis, necrosis, granulomatous inflammation and vasculitis.

[Atypical erythema induratum Bazin with tuberculous osteomyelitis]. / Atypisches erythema induratum Bazin bei tuberkulöser osteomyelitis.

Diagnosis of all types of cutaneous tuberculosis is challenging because the clinical picture of these diseases is highly variable. We describe the case of a 79-year old woman with an atypical presentation of Erythema induratum Bazin (EIB) on the chest and left arm in association with a tuberculous osteomyelitis of the left olecranon. Surprisingly, M. tuberculosis grew also from biopsies of the EIB-lesions. This contradicts the conventional view that considers EIB (a tuberculid) to be caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to mycobacteria. The presented case supports the hypothesis that EIB may also be caused by hematogenous or lymphatic spread of viable M. tuberculosis.

Vasculitis nodular (enfermedad de Bazin) / Nodular vasculitis (Bazins disease)

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 56 años con Vasculitis Nodular o Eritema Indurado de Bazin, localizada en ambas piernas, que durante 12 años de evolución no fue diagnosticada, coincidiendo con Tuberculosis Pulmonar. Con terapéutica tuberculostática presentó buena evolución luego de 30 días de tratamiento. (AU)

Vasculitis nodular (enfermedad de Bazin) / Nodular vasculitis (Bazin's disease)

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 56 años con Vasculitis Nodular o Eritema Indurado de Bazin, localizada en ambas piernas, que durante 12 años de evolución no fue diagnosticada, coincidiendo con Tuberculosis Pulmonar. Con terapéutica tuberculostática presentó buena evolución luego de 30 días de tratamiento.