Slide tracheoplasty for congenital tracheal stenosis with involvement of the carina and bronchi: a case report.

A female newborn presented with respiratory distress at birth and was diagnosed with congenital tracheal stenosis. The stenosis was positioned at the distal trachea and compromised the carina and the right and left bronchi. She underwent surgical treatment using circulatory life support with veno-arterial peripheral extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and the airway was reconstructed using the slide tracheoplasty technique to build a neocarina. The patient had an excellent postoperative course, was successfully weaned from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and invasive ventilation, and was discharged.

Management Strategies for Congenital Heart Disease Comorbid with Airway Anomalies in Children.

OBJECTIVE: To assess management strategies for pediatric patients with the challenging combination of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) and airway anomalies. STUDY DESIGN: Patients diagnosed with CHD and airway anomalies in the Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Centre of Fuwai Hospital from January 2016 to December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into three groups based on different management, including the conservative group, the slide group (slide tracheoplasty), and the suspension group (suspension with external stenting). Patients' data and computed tomography measurements from medical records were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 139 patients were included in the cohort; 107 had conservative airway treatment (conservative group), 15 had slide tracheoplasty (slide group), and 17 had tracheal suspension operation (suspension group). The top three associated intracardiac anomalies were ventricular septal defect (n = 34, 24%), pulmonary artery sling (n = 22, 16%), and tetralogy of Fallot (n = 15, 11%). Compared with patients with conservative airway management (100 minutes [median], 62-152 [IQR]), the extra airway procedure prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration, with 202 minutes (IQR, 119-220) for the slide group and 150 minutes (IQR, 125-161) for the suspension group. Patients who underwent slide tracheoplasty required prolonged mechanical ventilation (129 minutes [median], 56-328 [IQR]). Of the total cohort, 6 in-hospital deaths, all in the conservative group, and 8 mid-to long-term deaths, with 6 in the conservative group, occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Both conservative and surgical management of CHD patients with airway anomalies have promising outcomes. Extra tracheobronchial procedures, especially the slide tracheoplasty, significantly prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration. Based on multidisciplinary team assessment, individualized management strategies should be developed for these patients.

Congenital tracheal malformations.

Congenital malformations of the trachea include a variety of conditions that cause respiratory distress in neonates and infants. A number of anomalies are self-limiting while others are life-threatening and require immediate therapy. The prevalence of congenital airway malformations has been estimated to range between 0.2 and 1 in 10,000 live births. The most frequent congenital tracheal malformations are: tracheomalacia, congenital tracheal stenosis, laryngotracheal cleft and tracheal agenesis. The management of congenital tracheal malformations is complex and requires an individualized approach delivered by a multidiscipilinary team within centralized units with the necessary expertise.

Endoscopy for the initial suspicion of vascular rings in tracheoesophageal compressions: correlation with surgical findings.

UNLABELLED: Vascular rings (VR) may produce extrinsic compression of trachea and/or esophagus. Diagnosis relies on nonspecific clinical data from resulting compression and image studies, mainly angiography, computed tomography, and cardiovascular MRI. Because of their low incidence, diagnosis is often missed. The role of bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy is controversial, but these procedures might establish for the first time the diagnostic suspicion of VR. This communication was aimed to determine to what extent endoscopic manifestations lead the clinician to suspect the presence of a VR and, moreover, to define their correlation with surgical findings. METHODS: Children with endoscopic diagnosis of VR submitted to surgery were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty patients fulfilled inclusion criteria. They were submitted to 19 bronchoscopies and 16 esophagoscopies, and in 60% cases they raised the first suspicion of VR. Diagnostic agreement of the type of VR between endoscopy and surgery was 85%. Bronchoscopy diagnosed 12 VR, and in 10 cases predicted the specific type of VR. Additional relevant findings were detected in nine patients (47.4%). Esophagoscopy diagnosed VR in 14 patients, predicted the specific type in 78.6% and detected all aberrant right subclavian artery cases. CONCLUSIONS: Initial suspicion of VR was raised by bronchoscopic and/or esophagoscopic findings in 60% cases. Endoscopy proved to be a valuable tool to anticipate the type of malformation and to disclose associated abnormalities.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis traqueal en pediatría / Surgical treatment of tracheal stenosis in pediatrics

Veinte pacientes con estenosis de tráquea fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre julio de 2005y mayo de 2008, diez con estenosis congénita y diez de origen adquirido.La sobrevida global fue de 85 por ciento. Fallecieron tres pacientes, uno con estenosis adquirida y dos conestenosis congénita.De los diecisiete sobrevivientes, quince se encuentran asintomáticos; dos pacientes operados por estenosis congénita requieren controlesperiódicos (ambos con tutores endoluminales [stents] colocados).La estenosis traqueal adquirida presenta menos complicaciones, requiere menos asistencia respiratoria y menor estadía hospitalaria en el posoperatorio. Los pacientes con estenosis traquealcongénita necesitan, generalmente, másde un procedimiento terapéutico y presentan mayor mortalidad.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de la estenosis traqueal en pediatría / Surgical treatment of tracheal stenosis in pediatrics

Veinte pacientes con estenosis de tráquea fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente entre julio de 2005y mayo de 2008, diez con estenosis congénita y diez de origen adquirido.La sobrevida global fue de 85 por ciento. Fallecieron tres pacientes, uno con estenosis adquirida y dos conestenosis congénita.De los diecisiete sobrevivientes, quince se encuentran asintomáticos; dos pacientes operados por estenosis congénita requieren controlesperiódicos (ambos con tutores endoluminales [stents] colocados).La estenosis traqueal adquirida presenta menos complicaciones, requiere menos asistencia respiratoria y menor estadía hospitalaria en el posoperatorio. Los pacientes con estenosis traquealcongénita necesitan, generalmente, másde un procedimiento terapéutico y presentan mayor mortalidad.(AU)

Surgical treatment of congenital tracheal stenoses.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of patients undergoing repair of congenital tracheal stenosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of congenital tracheal stenosis patients treated between 2001 and 2007 at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: Six boys and one girl (age at diagnosis ranging from 28 days to 3 years) were included. Five of the patients also had cardiac or major vessel malformations. The stenosis length was short in three patients, medium in one and long in three. The techniques used were pericardial patch tracheoplasty in three patients, resection and anastomosis in two, slide tracheoplasty in one and vascular ring correction in one. One patient died during surgery due to hypoxia and hemodynamic instability, and one died from septic shock on postoperative day 11. Other complications included pneumonia, arrhythmia, stenosis at the anastomosis level, residual stenosis, granuloma formation and malacia. The mean follow-up period was 31 months; four patients were cured, and one required the use of a T tube to maintain airway patency. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital tracheal stenosis is a curable disease. However, its repair is complex and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.

Tratamento cirúrgico das estenoses traqueais congênitas / Surgical treatment of congenital tracheal stenoses

OBJETIVO: Analisar os desfechos dos pacientes submetidos ao reparo de estenose congênita de traqueia. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes com estenose traqueal congênita tratados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo entre 2001 e 2007. RESULTADOS: Seis meninos e uma menina (idade ao diagnóstico entre 28 dias e 3 anos) foram incluídos. Cinco pacientes apresentavam malformações intracardíacas e/ou de grandes vasos associadas. A extensão das estenoses foi curta em três pacientes, média em um e longa em três. As técnicas utilizadas foram traqueoplastia com enxerto de pericárdio em três pacientes, ressecção e anastomose em dois, traqueoplastia em bisel em um e correção de anel vascular em um. Um paciente morreu no intraoperatório por hipóxia e instabilidade hemodinâmica e outro no 11º dia pós-operatório por choque séptico. Outras complicações observadas foram pneumonia, arritmia, estenose na anastomose e estenose residual, malácia e formação de granulomas. O tempo médio de seguimento pós-operatório foi de 31 meses; quatro pacientes ficaram livres da doença e um necessitou de tubo T para manter a via aérea pérvia. CONCLUSÕES: A estenose congênita de traqueia é uma doença curável. Entretanto, seu reparo é complexo e está associado a taxas de morbidade e mortalidade significativas.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of patients undergoing repair of congenital tracheal stenosis. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of congenital tracheal stenosis patients treated between 2001 and 2007 at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine Hospital das Clínicas in São Paulo, Brazil. RESULTS: Six boys and one girl (age at diagnosis ranging from 28 days to 3 years) were included. Five of the patients also had cardiac or major vessel malformations. The stenosis length was short in three patients, medium in one and long in three. The techniques used were pericardial patch tracheoplasty in three patients, resection and anastomosis in two, slide tracheoplasty in one and vascular ring correction in one. One patient died during surgery due to hypoxia and hemodynamic instability, and one died from septic shock on postoperative day 11. Other complications included pneumonia, arrhythmia, stenosis at the anastomosis level, residual stenosis, granuloma formation and malacia. The mean follow-up period was 31 months; four patients were cured, and one required the use of a T tube to maintain airway patency. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital tracheal stenosis is a curable disease. However, its repair is complex and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality.

Estado actual de la estenosis laringotraqueal / Current state of laryngotracheal stenosis

En el presente trabajo se definen las causas de estenosis laringo-traqueal congénita y adquirida. Las causas más comunes en las adquiridas son la intubación prolongada, traumatismos laringotraqueales e infecciones. Los lactantes toleran mejor la intubación endotraqueal prolongada que los adultos. Se plantea cuales deben ser los exámenes pre-quirúrgicos y la conducta terapéutica: Dilataciones endoscópicas, Resección de la estenosis por vía endoscópica y cirugía abierta.

Both congenital and acquired causes of laringotracheal stenosis are reviewed here. The most common acquired causes are: Prolonged intubation, laringotracheal trauma, and infections. Infants are more tolerant to prolonged intubation than adults are. Presurgical examinations and therapeutic behavior are discussed. Therapeutic options are: endoscopic dilatations, Stenosis surgical resection by endoscopy and open surgery.

Estenosis traqueal congénita: reparación con injerto de pericardio, en by pass cardiopulmonar: reporte de caso clínico / Congenital tracheal stenosis: repaired using cardiopulmonar bypass and pericardial graft: case report

Se describe el caso clínico de un recién nacido portador de estenosis traqueal congénita. La lesión estenótica compromete la tráquea ampliamente, en la región intratorácica y ocasiona una insuficiencia respiratoria grave que requiere cirugía reparadora de emergencia. La tráquea es reparada con parche de pericardio, con el apoyo de by pass cardiopulmonar. Posteriormente se instala un stent metálico intraqueal para dar sustentación al injerto de pericardio

Epidural anaesthesia for ureteral reimplantation in an infant with congenital tracheal stenosis.

PURPOSE: We report a case of an infant with severe congenital tracheal stenosis who underwent ureteral reimplantation using lumbar epidural anaesthesia combined with light general anaesthesia. CLINICAL FEATURES: A six-month-old girl with symptomatic tracheal stenosis, demonstrated by computed tomography, was scheduled for ureteral reimplantation. She received continuous lumbar epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine 0.25% through a 21 gauge catheter positioned at L3-4 interspace. Nitrous oxide/oxygen 50% and sevoflurane 1.5-2% were administered through a face mask and spontaneous breathing was preserved. Anaesthesia and surgery were uneventful. Postoperative epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.2% was excellent. The epidural catheter was withdrawn 48 hr postoperatively and she was discharged from the hospital five days later. CONCLUSION: Airway management is a major anaesthetic consideration in an infant with tracheal stenoses requiring abdominal surgery. We have demonstrated that regional anaesthesia combined with light general anaesthesia via face mask is an acceptable option, providing good analgesia during and after surgery. The technique preserves spontaneous ventilation and avoids tracheal manipulation.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to definitive tracheal surgery in children.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used as a bridge for three infants with complicated long segment congenital tracheal stenosis to tracheal homograft transplantation with cadaveric tracheal homograft and for one child, with an extensive traumatic tracheal laceration caused by aspiration of a sharp foreign body, to definitive tracheal repair. In all four cases mechanical ventilation was impossible and death almost certain without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Congenital tracheal stenosis. The otolaryngologist's perspective.

Congenital tracheal stenosis is a rare congenital anomaly, with less than 70 reported cases in the literature. The presenting signs and symptoms of stridor, recurrent pneumonia, and respiratory distress are commonly seen in other conditions. The rarity of congenital tracheal stenosis and the diverse presentations make accurate early diagnosis difficult and frequently lead to inappropriate treatment. We treated three patients with congenital tracheal stenosis who presented with different sites of stenosis. Each patient displayed different symptoms and required individualized management. The treatment of congenital tracheal stenosis depends on identifying the site and extent of the stenosis. We reviewed the embryogenesis and treatment of this abnormality and developed a new classification system that will aid in the management of congenital tracheal stenosis.

Estenosis traqueal congénita asociada a cardiopatía corrección quirúrgica en un tiempo / Congenital tracheal stenosis. Surgical treatment

Se comunica el caso de una niña de 1 año de edad portadora de estenosis congénita de la tráquea asociada a cardiopatía congénita. La reconstrución traqueal fue relizada en el mismo acto quirúrgico de la reparación de los defectos intracardíacos asociados, con utilización de circulación extracorpórea. Para reparar el segmento estenótico se utilizo un parche de perícardio autólogo. El curso postoperatorio fue favorable. El calibre adecuado de la luz traqueal fue confirmado a través del examen tomográfico y endoscópico realizado tres meses luego de la intervención. Después de 9 meses de seguimiento la paciente contínua bien.

Estenose congênita de traquéia: diagnóstico diferencial com anel vascular, relato de caso / Congenital trachecil stenosis: differential diagnosis with vascular ring. report of a case

Um menino de três anos de idade, com sinais de obstruçäo respiratória alta desde o nascimento foi submetido à ressecçäo do segmento traqueal estenótico resultando a cura. Ressalta-se a necessidade de estabelecer o diagnóstico diferenciawl entre os diferentes tipos de obstruçäo respiratória na infância. Sublinha-se a distinçäo entre estenose traqueal segmentar e anomalias do arco aórtico, estabelecida com o auxílio de traqueoscopia, aortografia e traqueografia. Descreve-se o tratamento efetuado