"Gone with the land": Effects of land expropriation on health and subjective well-being in rural China.

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated the relationship between land expropriation and health and subjective well-being (SWB) in China. This study examines the impacts of land expropriation on health and SWB among Chinese farmers aged 16-85 years and explores whether these impacts vary with socioeconomic conditions. METHODS: We utilized longitudinal data from the China Family Panel Studies, a nationally representative survey. The analytic samples included over 10,000 individuals and over 30,000 person-year observations. Individual fixed-effects models were employed to eliminate the omitted-variable bias derived from time-constant unobserved confounders. RESULTS: Land expropriation was harmful to health and SWB. First-time land expropriation increased the risks of physical discomfort, chronic diseases, hospitalization, and perceived health decline; raised the frequency of feeling depressed; and decreased self-rated health, life satisfaction, subjective social status, and confidence about the future. Repeated land expropriation and past land expropriation increased the risks of chronic diseases, raised depressive symptom severity, and lowered self-rated health and life satisfaction. Repeated land expropriation also elevated the risk of perceived health decline. In addition, preexisting household income per capita and baseline county-level GDP per capita buffered the adverse impacts of first-time land expropriation. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the adverse impacts of land expropriation on health and SWB and highlights the importance of providing support to land-taken farmers to alleviate such detrimental effects.

Afetos e implicações psicossociais do viver sob ameaças de desapropriação do espaço / Afectos e implicaciones psicosociales de vivir bajo amenazas de expropiación espacial / Affections and psychosocial implications of living under threats of space expropriation

Resumo Este artigo objetiva apresentar indicadores afetivos e as implicações psicossociais do contexto de ameaças de desapropriação do espaço vividas por moradoras de uma comunidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 17 moradoras/es, utilizando-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas para o levantamento das informações; e a análise de conteúdo para o tratamento dos dados. Com base na Psicologia Ambiental e na Psicologia Social, discute-se transformações no cotidiano; e afetos e implicações psicossociais. Como elementos despotencializadores, foram identificados conflito interno entre as/os moradoras/es, venda da comunidade (desapropriação), demolição das casas e sentimentos que entristecem; quanto aos potencializadores, destacaram-se integração entre as/os moradoras/es, própria moradia (permanência), momentos de entretimento e sentimentos que alegram.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar indicadores afectivos y las implicaciones psicosociales del contexto de amenazas de expropiación espacial que viven los habitantes de una comunidad en Fortaleza, Ceará. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, realizada con 17 residentes, utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas para recopilar información; y análisis de contenido para el procesamiento de datos. Con base en Psicología Ambiental y Psicología Social, se discuten los cambios en la vida diaria; y afectos e implicaciones psicosociales. Como elementos desempoderantes, se identificaron conflictos internos entre vecinos, venta de la comunidad (expropiación), demolición de viviendas y tristeza; en cuanto a los potenciadores, se destacaron la integración entre vecinos, la propia vivienda (permanencia), momentos de entretenimiento y sentimientos que alegran.

Abstract This article aims to present affective indicators and the psychosocial implications of the context of threats of space expropriation experienced by residents of a community in Fortaleza, Ceará. This is a qualitative research, carried out with 17 residents, using semi-structured interviews to gather information; and content analysis for data processing. Based on Environmental Psychology and Social Psychology, changes in daily life are discussed; and affects and psychosocial implications. As disempowering elements, internal conflict between residents, sale of the community (expropriation), demolition of houses and sad feelings were identified; as for the enhancers, integration among residents, housing themselves (staying), moments of entertainment and feelings that rejoice were highlighted.

Na casa e na rua: cenas dos moradores de serviços residenciais terapêuticos / At home and on the street: the scene of residents of therapeutic residential care / En la casa y en la calle: escenas de los residentes de servicios residenciales terapéuticos

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender o agenciamento social da loucura, na perspectiva da desinstitucionalização, por meio da observação participante de cenas do cotidiano de moradores de Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos (SRT). Trata-se de uma pesquisa social em saúde, de abordagem qualitativa, com inspirações etnográficas e orientação fenomenológica. Os dez participantes são moradores de dois SRT de uma cidade localizada na região Sudeste do Brasil. Têm 60 anos em média, são ex-moradores de hospitais psiquiátricos e metade é do sexo feminino. Os resultados são 12 cenas de convivência no espaço coletivo da casa, da circulação social nas ruas do bairro e do acesso a serviços comerciais, de saúde e cultura. Observou-se que os participantes vivenciam, cotidianamente e de diferentes formas, a apropriação ou reapropriação do corpo, da casa e da rua. Trata-se de um processo de vivificação do eu que pode partir da expropriação de si e pode alcançar a incorporação, com relações de pertencimento a um corpo social. Concluiu-se que o poder aquisitivo e as construções sociais relacionadas aos corpos dos moradores no encontro com diferentes atores são circunstâncias que podem interferir nesse processo. As conversações de reautoria, práticas narrativas baseadas no construcionismo social, e as práticas e táticas cotidianas, na perspectiva de Michel de Certeau, são teorias que contribuem para a compreensão e instrumentalização do agenciamento social dos moradores de SRT nos espaços públicos e privados.(AU)

This study aimed to understand the social management of madness from the perspective of deinstitutionalization by means of participant observation of daily life scenes of residents at Therapeutic Residential Care (TRC). This is a qualitative social health research with ethnographic inspirations and phenomenological orientation. Participants consisted of ten former residents of a psychiatric hospitals, half of whom are female and with mean age of 60 years old, current residing in a TRC of a city located in a Southeast region of Brazil. The results indicate 12 scenes of coexistence within the collective space of the houses, social circulation in the neighborhood streets, and access to commercial, health, and cultural services. Daily and in different ways, the participants experience the appropriation or reappropriation of body, house, and street. In this sense, these scenes comprise a process of vivification of the self that can depart from self-expropriation and reach incorporation, establishing relations of social belonging. These findings show that purchasing power and social constructions regarding residents' body in the encounter with different actors are circumstances that can interfere in this process. The re-authoring conversations, narrative practices based on social constructionism, and everyday practices and tactics, from Certeau's perspective, are theories that help understanding and instrumentalizing the social agency of residents of TRC in public and private spaces.(AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue comprender el agenciamiento social de la locura desde la perspectiva de la desinstitucionalización, por medio de la observación participante de escenas del cotidiano de moradores de Servicios Residenciales Terapéuticos (SRT). Esta es una investigación social en salud, de abordaje cualitativo, con inspiraciones etnográficas y orientación fenomenológica. Los diez participantes son residentes dos SRT de una ciudad en sudeste de Brasil. Tienen como promedio 60 años de edad, son ex residentes de hospitales psiquiátricos y la mitad son mujeres. Los resultados son doce escenas de convivencia en el espacio colectivo de la casa, de la circulación social en las calles del barrio y del acceso a servicios comerciales, de salud y cultura. Se observó que los participantes vivencian, cotidianamente y de diferentes formas, la apropiación o reapropiación del cuerpo, de la casa y de la calle. Se trata de un proceso de vivificación del yo que puede partir de la expropiación de sí y puede alcanzar la incorporación, con relaciones de pertenencia, a un cuerpo social. Se concluyó que el poder adquisitivo y las construcciones sociales relacionadas con los cuerpos de los residentes en el encuentro con diferentes actores pueden interferir en ese proceso. Las conversaciones de re-autoría, prácticas narrativas basadas en el construccionismo social, y las prácticas y tácticas cotidianas, en la perspectiva de Certeau, son teorías que contribuyen a la comprensión e instrumentalización del agenciamiento social de los moradores de Servicios Residenciales Terapéuticos en los espacios públicos y privados.(AU)

Contribuições da psicologia para a análise de desapropriações de comunidades dos espaços urbano e rural cearenses / Psychology contributions to analysis of expropriation in communities in the urban and rural area of Ceará

O presente trabalho discute as contribuições da Psicologia para a análise de desapropriações de comunidades pobres no espaço urbano de Fortaleza e no espaço rural do interior do estado do Ceará, compreendendo essas ações como marcas de processos de segregação socioespacial. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, ancorado teórico-metodologicamente nas psicologias social e ambiental. Para o aprofundamento das discussões, foram apresentados resultados de pesquisas desenvolvidas no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Psicologia Ambiental (Locus) da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Dentre as contribuições, demarca-se a posição ético-política da psicologia frente às desigualdades sociais, nesse trabalho caracterizada pelas ações de segregação. Concluiu-se a necessidade analisar os processos de desapropriações para além de seus aspectos físicos e jurídicos, compreendendo as comunidades e a construção do espaço urbano e rural a partir de teias simbólicas, socioafetivas, históricas e políticas que engendram as ações humanas.

This paper discusses the contributions of Psychology to the analysis of expropriations of poor communities in the urban space of Fortaleza and in rural areas in the countryside of Ceará, understanding these actions as marks of socio-spatial segregation processes. It is a theoretical study, anchored theoretically and methodologically in social and environmental psychologies. To deepen the discussion, results of research developed in the Laboratório de Pesquisa em Psicologia Ambiental (Locus) of the Federal University of Ceará. Among the contributions, it stands out in the ethical-political position of psychology in face of social inequalities, in this work characterized by segregation actions. We concluded the need to analyze the processes of expropriation beyond their physical and legal aspects, understanding how communities and the construction of urban and rural space from symbolic, socio-affective, historical and political symbols that involve social actions.

Social Stability Risk Assessment of Land Expropriation: Lessons from the Chinese Case.

Scholars have paid much attention to the problems existing in the land expropriation risk assessment system and the sound countermeasures from a qualitative perspective. Empirical research on land expropriation social stability risk assessment from the micro-level perspective is limited. This study analyzed the Chinese social stability risk assessment system of land expropriation though a case study of a land expropriation project in China. The current social stability risk assessment system of land expropriation, which includes the assessment purposes, principles, contents, methods, and results, was analyzed. We concluded with lessons and deficiencies from the current social stability risk assessment system. The research findings show that: (1) the current land expropriation risk assessment system mostly takes the land administration department as the main body of responsibility, identifies the risks by means of seminars, visits, letters, and visits, and takes the opinion of the masses or experts as the risk assessment result. (2) The current land expropriation risk assessment system should be standardized in terms of defining the risk assessment of land expropriation, improving the land expropriation risk assessment system and optimizing land expropriation assessment procedures. This paper provides a reference for the sustainable development of land use in rural and urban areas in China.

Effect of Land Expropriation on Land-Lost Farmers' Health: Empirical Evidence from Rural China.

With rapid urbanization and industry development, China has witnessed substantial land acquisition. Using the rural household survey data, this paper examines the impact of land expropriation on land-lost farmers' self-reported health with the ordered probit model and investigates the possible mechanisms. The results show that the land expropriation puts higher health risks over those land-lost farmers and the health status of land-lost farmers is significantly worse than that of those with land. Land expropriation has a negative impact on the land-lost farmer's health through income effects and psychological effects. The health status of land-lost farmers can be enhanced through amending current land requisition policies, increasing the amount of compensation, improving the earning capacity of land-lost farmers and strengthening mental health education.

Characteristics, hazards, and control of illegal villa (houses): evidence from the Northern Piedmont of Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, China.

Unapproved and illegal buildings have sprawled into the Northern Piedmont of the Qinling Mountains. The problem of illegal villas has aroused widespread public opinion and concern. The ecological environment of the Qinling Mountains has been seriously affected by the resurgence of illegal villas. This paper introduces the characteristics and distribution of illegal villas, analyzes the hazards caused by illegal villas, and describes control measures for illegal villas and land consolidation and ecological remediation in the Northern Piedmont of the Qinling Mountains. The results show that illegal planning and illegal development, as well as local governments' irregularities, including control, governance, punishment, demolition, and compensation for illegal buildings in the expropriation of premises, have caused the problem of illegal construction of villas in the Northern Piedmont of the Qinling Mountains. Control measures for illegal villas are demolition, land consolidation, and ecological remediation. Policy implications for protection of Qinling Mountains are provided.

Ivan Illich's Medical Nemesis and the 'age of the show': On the Expropriation of Death.

What Ivan Illich regarded in his Medical Nemesis as the 'expropriation of health' takes place on the surfaces and in the spaces of the screens all around us, including our cell phones but also the patient monitors and (increasingly) the iPads that intervene between nurse and patient. To explore what Illich called the 'age of the show', this essay uses film examples, like Creed and the controversial documentary Vaxxed, and the television series Nurse Jackie. Rocky's cancer in his last film (submitting to chemo to 'fight' cancer) highlights what Illich along with Petr Skrabanek called the 'expropriation of death'. In contrast to what Illich denotes as 'Umsonstigkeit' - grace or gift, given undeservedly, i.e., gratuitously - medical science tends to be tempted by what Illich terms scientistic 'black magic', taking over (expropriating) the life and the death of the patient in increasingly technological ways, a point underscored in the concluding section on the commercial prospects of xenotransplants using factory farm or mass-produced human-pig mosaics or chimeras.

Expropiación

El trabajo tiene como principal finalidad jurídica tal cual señala el Art. 1ro de la Ley de 30 de diciembre de 1884 Ley de Expropiación por causa de utilidad pública - aplicar lo que se refiere siendo inviolable el derecho de propiedad...

Expropiación

Menciona que el fin de la expropiación no es la mera privación de la cosa o derecho en que ésta consiste, sino el destino posterior a que se expropia. En este sentido, la expropiación es un instrumento y no un fin en sí misma

Interposición de recurso de revocatoria por silencio administrativo negativo

El trabajo pretende observar si procede la interposición de un recurso de revocatoria po silencio administrativo negativo interpuesto por los administrados, pronunciándose la administración mediante la emisión de una resolución administrativa que resuelve revocar el silencio administrativo negativo

La expropiación, precio e indemnización en el derecho administrativo

El trabajo tiene por objeto profundizar la figura jurídica de la expropiación, justo precio e indemnización, vinculadas al derecho administrativo, de tal forma que sea útil en la comprensión de los conceptos y definiciones que establece nuestra normativa vigente

Proyecto de Ley de expropiación en el ámbito municipal

La intervención del Estado por medio de la Administración Pública sobre la esfera jurídica d elos administradores se pone en acción a través de las llamadas potestades, que suponen la posibilidad de emitir actos administrativos de caracter definitivo en los que se toman decisiones que producen efectos jurídicos, esencialmente patrimoniales...

Aspectos fundamentales del Instituto de la reversión en los procesos expropiatorios urbanos

El trabajo está referido a la problemática existente en la actualidad entre el Estado (municipalidad) expropiador y el particular expropiado ya que no existe un instituto de reversión en los procesos expropiatorios urbanos

Vulneración de la acción de reversión en la expropiación forzosa de bienes inmuebles urbanos en la Nueva Constitución Política del Estado

Para realizar un estudio adecuado a la acción de reversión en la expropiación forzosa de bienes inmuebles, es necesario primero referirnos a la expropiación, instrumento de Derecho Público que consiste en la Transferencia coactiva d ela propiedad de un particular a la administración pública, por razones de interés público y previo pago de una indemnización...

Supresión del derecho de reversión en el artículo 57 de la Ley No 3942 en Materia de expropiación de bienes inmuebles urbanos

La expropiación es una limitación administrativa más importante del derecho propietario quie tiene como objeto materializar obras públicas, para poder satisfacer una necesidad colectiva o pública

La necesidad de exclusión del código civil: la parte pertinente de la expropiación

El trabajo se enfoca a la expropiación regulada por el ordenamiento jurídico positivo al presente en varias normas entre ellas el código civil, La Ley de municipalidades, las leyes especiales y principalmente la Constitución Política del Estado