A Rare Cause of Angina After Coronary Bypass Grafting; Left Internal Mammary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula and Successful Treatment with Transcatheter Coil Embolization.

Fistula from left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to pulmonary artery (PA) is rarely encountered in daily practice. In recent years, endovascular therapy options have emerged for the treatment of fistula formations and replaced with surgery. A 53-year-old man admitted to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of typical angina and shortness of breath despite optimal medical therapy. In his relevant history, he had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation in 2009 in which his LIMA was anastomosed to left anterior descending (LAD) and ramus artery sequentially. Coronary angiography including selective imaging of LIMA demonstrated a fistula formation originating from the proximal portion of the LIMA and draining to PA. After successful closure of fistula with transcatheter coil embolization, the patient was discharged without any complication and symptom. In conclusion, although LIMA to PA fistula is an infrequent clinical condition, it should be considered as a potential cause of persistent angina after CABG operation. Treatment options include conservative medical therapy, surgical ligation and endovascular interventions. The best therapy should be individualised for each patient in respect to patient's symptoms, surgical compatibility and anatomy of fistula.

A Rare Cause of Angina After Coronary Bypass Grafting; Left İnternal Mammary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Fistula and Successful Treatment with Transcatheter Coil Embolization / Uma Causa Rara de Angina Após Revascularização do Miocárdio: Fístula da Artéria Mamária Interna Esquerda para Artéria Pulmonar e Tratamento Bem-Sucedido com Embolização Transcateter com Molas

Abstract Fistula from left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to pulmonary artery (PA) is rarely encountered in daily practice. In recent years, endovascular therapy options have emerged for the treatment of fistula formations and replaced with surgery. A 53-year-old man admitted to our outpatient clinic with symptoms of typical angina and shortness of breath despite optimal medical therapy. In his relevant history, he had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation in 2009 in which his LIMA was anastomosed to left anterior descending (LAD) and ramus artery sequentially. Coronary angiography including selective imaging of LIMA demonstrated a fistula formation originating from the proximal portion of the LIMA and draining to PA. After successful closure of fistula with transcatheter coil embolization, the patient was discharged without any complication and symptom. In conclusion, although LIMA to PA fistula is an infrequent clinical condition, it should be considered as a potential cause of persistent angina after CABG operation. Treatment options include conservative medical therapy, surgical ligation and endovascular interventions. The best therapy should be individualised for each patient in respect to patient's symptoms, surgical compatibility and anatomy of fistula.

Resumo A fístula da artéria mamária interna esquerda (AMIE) para a artéria pulmonar (AP) é raramente encontrada na prática diária. Nos últimos anos, opções de terapia endovascular surgiram para o tratamento de formações de fístula e foram substituídas por cirurgia. Um homem de 53 anos de idade, internado em nosso ambulatório com sintomas de angina típica e falta de ar, apesar da terapia clínica ideal. Em seu histórico relevante, ele teve uma cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) em 2009, na qual sua AMIE foi anastomosada à descendente anterior esquerda (DAE) e à artéria ramus sequencialmente. A angiografia coronária, incluindo imagens seletivas da AMIE, demonstrou uma formação de fístula proveniente da porção proximal da AMIE e drenando para AP. Após o fechamento bem-sucedido da fístula com embolização transcateter com mola, o paciente recebeu alta sem qualquer complicação e sintoma. Em conclusão, embora fístula entre AMIE e AP seja uma condição clínica pouco frequente, deve ser considerada como uma causa potencial de angina persistente após a operação de revascularização do miocárdio. As opções de tratamento incluem terapia médica conservadora, ligadura cirúrgica e intervenções endovasculares. A melhor terapia deve ser individualizada para cada paciente em relação aos sintomas do paciente, compatibilidade cirúrgica e anatomia da fístula.

Large bilateral coronary artery fistula: the choice of clinical treatment.

We report the case of an asymptomatic female patient, with a large non-complicated bilateral coronary-pulmonary artery fistula. Clinical monitoring was the choice of treatment. We discuss the therapeutic options in depth, emphasizing the excessive tendency of the surgical approach and the great scarcity of reports on long-term clinical follow-up in asymptomatic patients.

Grande fístula bilateral da artéria coronária: a escolha do tratamento clínico / Gran fístula bilateral de la arteria coronaria: la selección del tratamiento clínico / Large bilateral coronary artery fistula: the choice of clinical treatment

Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo feminino, assintomática, com grande fístula bilateral da artéria coronária-artéria pulmonar. O monitoramento clínico foi a opção escolhida para tratamento. Discutimos os pormenores das opções terapêuticas, enfatizando a tendência excessiva de utilizar a abordagem cirúrgica e a grande escassez de acompanhamentos clínicos de longo prazo em pacientes assintomáticos.

We report the case of an asymptomatic female patient, with a large non-complicated bilateral coronary-pulmonary artery fistula. Clinical monitoring was the choice of treatment. We discuss the therapeutic options in depth, emphasizing the excessive tendency of the surgical approach and the great scarcity of reports on long-term clinical follow-up in asymptomatic patients.

Relatamos el caso de un paciente del sexo femenino, asintomática, con gran fístula bilateral de la arteria coronaria-arteria pulmonar. El monitoreo clínico fue la opción elegida para el tratamiento. Discutimos los pormenores de las opciones terapéuticas, enfatizando la tendencia excesiva de utilizar el abordaje quirúrgico y la gran escasez de seguimientos clínicos de largo plazo en pacientes asintomáticos.

Fístula entre artéria coronária interventricular anterior e o tronco arterial pulmonar: tratamento cirúrgico de cinco pacientes / Fistula between anterior intraventricular coronary artery and the pulmonary artery trunk: five operated patients

O presente estudo relata a experiência operatória de pacientes portadores da fístula arterial coronária (FAC) entre a artéria coronária interventricular anterior e o tronco da pulmonar. Foram operados cinco pacientes, o sexo feminino foi mais freqüente, com 60 por cento dos casos, e a idade variou de 40 a 46 anos. O ecocardiograma de stress e a cineangiocoronariografia foram realizados em todos pacientes. No pós-operatório, não houve mortalidade e presença de sintomas. Consideramos que procedimento operatório é a primeira escolha no tratamento da FAC, uma vez que previne as complicações do "shunt" artério-venoso, com segurança e eficácia.

The current study reports on the operative experience of patients with coronary artery fistulas between the anterior intraventricular coronary artery and pulmonary trunk. Of the five patients operated, 60 percent were women and the ages ranged form 40 to 46 years old. Stress echocardiogram and coronary cineangiography were accomplished for all patients. No deaths occurred in the postoperative period nor were symptoms reported. We believe that the surgical procedure is the first choice treatment for coronary artery fistulas, as it safely and effectively prevents the complications of arteriovenous shunts.

[Large coronary-pulmonary artery fistulae: percutaneous embolization with microcoils and disposable balloons]. / Volumosas fístulas de ambas coronárias para a artéria pulmonar: embolização percutânea com micro-molas e balões destacáveis.

A 43-year-old symptomatic woman (dyspnea and palpitation) had multiple coronary-pulmonary artery fistulae with high output; percutaneous embolization was successfully performed using controlled-release microcoils and disposable balloons.

Volumosas fístulas de ambas coronárias para a artéria pulmonar: embolização percutânea com micro-molas e balões destacáveis / Large coronary-pulmonary artery fistulae: percutaneous embolization with microcoils and disposable balloons

Mulher de 43 anos, sintomática (dispnéia e palpitações), apresentava múltiplas fístulas de alto débito de ambas coronárias para a artéria pulmonar, embolizadas percutaneamente com micro-molas de liberação controlada e balões destacáveis, com sucesso.

Right coronary artery fistula with congestive heart failure in the neonate. Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis and closure with detachable balloon.

We report here a case of coronary artery fistula in a neonate with clinical signs of heart failure. The electrocardiogram showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and diffuse alterations in ventricular repolarization. Chest X-ray showed an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with an increase in pulmonary flow. After echocardiographic diagnosis and angiographic confirmation, closure of the fistulous trajectory was performed with a detachable balloon with an early and late successful outcome.

Fístula de artéria coronária direita com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva em neonato: diagnóstico ecodopplercardiográfico e tratamento por oclusäo com baläo descartável / Right coronary artery fistula with congestive heart failure in the neonate: Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis and closure with detachable balloon

We report here a case of coronary artery fistula in a neonate with clinical signs of heart failure. The electrocardiogram showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and diffuse alterations in ventricular repolarization. Chest X-ray showed an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with an increase in pulmonary flow. After echocardiographic diagnosis and angiographic confirmation, closure of the fistulous trajectory was performed with a detachable balloon with an early and late successful outcome.

Un caso insólito: Lesión de las 4 válvulas cardiácas en un paciente con lesión cardiáca antigua por proyectil de arma de fuego. Revisión de la literatura / A unique case: Damage of 4 valves in a patient with old cardiac injury due to fire-arm bullet

Se revisa la literatura de las heridas cardiacas. Aún en el siglo XIX, época caracterizada por el gran desarrollo de la cirugía, e inicio de los grandes descubrimientos no sólo de anatomía y fisiología, sino también de la ligadura de vasos sanguíneos, de la anestesia, asepsia y antisepsia, los grandes cirujanos pensaban que estas heridas eran el límite de lo que el hombre podía hacer con la cirugía.Se comenta el caso de un paciente que dos años antes sufrió una herida por proyectil de arma de fuego sobre el área cardiaca y que ahora recibió 3 heridas por arma punzocortante en el mismo sitio, las cuales, le lesionaron las 4 válvulas y le produjeron fístulas entre la aorta y la pulmonar y entre esta y el ventrículo izquierdo. El paciente fue operado con éxito, reparando las lesiones valvulares y cerrando las fístulas sin tener que sustituir ninguna válvula y dado de alta en buenas condiciones.

Transcatheter embolization of congenital coronary arterial fistulas in adults.

In this report, we describe our experience with transcatheter occlusion of congenital coronary arterial fistulas in adults. From November 1992 to November 1996, 5 symptomatic patients, aged from 47 to 70 years, underwent transcatheter occlusion of fistulas using a retrograde arterial approach. All had chest pain or dyspnea on exertion. Detachable balloons were used in 4 patients, and Gianturco coils in 1. Detachable balloons were implanted through a Debrun system, while the coils were implanted through a 5 French right coronary Judkins catheter. Both were passed through an 8 French guiding catheter (Amplatz II). Each patient had a single fistula. The fistulas originated from the right coronary artery in 3 patients, and from the circumflex artery in 2. They drained into the pulmonary trunk in 3 patients, into the right atrium in 1, and into a bronchial artery in the other. All fistulas were occluded completely in the catheterization laboratory, and the procedures were uncomplicated. At follow up, 3 patients underwent coronary angiography, and there was no evidence of recanalization. Transcatheter embolization in adults of single congenital coronary fistulas with detachable balloons and coils is safe and effective and can be regarded as an acceptable alternative to surgery.