Violence against metropolitan bus drivers and fare collectors in Brazil / Violência a motoristas e cobradores de ônibus metropolitanos, Brasil

OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation between sociodemographic factors and working conditions of bus workers in a metropolitan area and violence against them. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a nonprobabilistic sample estimated according to the number of workers employed in bus companies located in three cities in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region in 2012 (N = 17,470). Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a digital questionnaire. The factors associated with violence were analyzed in two stages using Poisson regression, according to each level. The magnitude of the association was evaluated using prevalence ratios with robust variance and a statistical significance of 5%, and 95% confidence intervals were obtained. RESULTS The study sample comprised 782 drivers and 691 fare collectors; 45.0% participants reported at least one act of violence in the workplace in the last 12 months, with passengers being predominantly responsible. The age of the bus workers was inversely associated with violence. Chronic diseases, sickness absenteeism, and working conditions were also associated with violence. CONCLUSIONS The findings on the correlation between violence and working conditions are essential for implementing prevention strategies by transportation service managers. .

OBJETIVO Analisar associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e de condições de trabalho e violência contra profissionais de ônibus de região metropolitana. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal com amostra não probabilística, estimada segundo quotas do efetivo distribuído nas empresas de ônibus localizadas em três cidades da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, em 2012 (n = 17.470). Foram realizadas entrevistas face a face com questionário digital. A análise dos fatores associados à violência foi realizada em duas etapas, pela regressão de Poisson, de acordo com cada nível. A magnitude da associação foi aferida pelas razões de prevalência com variância robusta e significância estatística de 5%. Foram obtidos intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS Participaram da pesquisa 782 motoristas e 691 cobradores. Quase metade (45,0%) dos participantes relatou pelo menos um episódio de violência no trabalho nos últimos 12 meses, predominantemente praticado pelos passageiros. A idade do trabalhador rodoviário foi inversamente associada à violência. Doenças crônicas, absenteísmo-doença e condições de trabalho foram associados à violência. CONCLUSÕES As informações trazidas sobre a associação da violência com as condições de trabalho são fundamentais para guiar estratégias de prevenção indicadas aos gestores da produção dos serviços de transporte. .

Randomized comparison of prophylaxis and on-demand regimens with FEIBA NF in the treatment of haemophilia A and B with inhibitors.

Factor replacement therapy for the treatment of moderate to severe haemophilia A and B can be complicated by the production of inhibitory alloantibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX. Treatment with the nanofiltered anti-inhibitor coagulant complex, Factor Eight Inhibitor Bypassing Activity (FEIBA NF), is a key therapeutic option for controlling acute haemorrhages in patients with high-titre inhibitors or low-titre inhibitors refractory to replacement therapy. Given the high risk for morbidity and mortality in haemophilia patients with inhibitors to FVIII or FIX, we conducted this Phase 3 prospective study to evaluate whether prophylaxis with FEIBA NF is a safe and effective treatment option. Over a 1-year period, 17 subjects were treated prophylactically (85 ± 15 U kg(-1) every other day) while 19 subjects were treated on demand. The median (IQR) annualized bleeding rate (ABR) during prophylaxis was 7.9 (8.1), compared to 28.7 (32.3) during on-demand treatment, which amounts to a 72.5% reduction and a statistically significant difference in ABRs between arms (P = 0.0003). Three (17.6%) subjects (ITT) on prophylaxis experienced no bleeding episodes, whereas none treated on demand were bleeding episode-free. Total utilization of FEIBA NF for the treatment of bleeding episodes was significantly higher during on-demand therapy than prophylaxis (P = 0.0067). There were no differences in the rates of related adverse events between arms. This study demonstrates that FEIBA prophylaxis significantly reduces all types of bleeding compared with on-demand treatment, and the safety of prophylaxis is comparable to that of on-demand treatment.