RESUMEN
In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine four components of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction (SGD), and the effect of purification was evaluated using fingerprints, similarity analysis and cell experiments. An effective method for isolation and purification of SGD was established. The adsorption/desorption properties of SGD were evaluated using resin screening, isothermal analysis, adsorption kinetics, and dynamic adsorption-desorption experiments. It was shown that the Langmuir equation fitted the isotherm data well and that a pseudo-second-order model accurately described kinetic adsorption on AB-8 resin. Analysis of thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was exothermic. Under the optimal process conditions, the concentrations of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the product were 73.05, 134.04, 45.04 and 75.00 mg/g, respectively. The yields of the four components were 71.89 %-86.19 %. Cell experiments showed that the purified SGD retained anti-inflammatory activity. This research lays the foundation for the separation and purification of SGD and subsequent preparation research.
Asunto(s)
Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Glucósidos , Monoterpenos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucósidos/química , Monoterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Monoterpenos/química , Adsorción , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/análisis , Animales , Ácido Glicirrínico/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido Glicirrínico/química , Ácido Glicirrínico/análisis , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/química , Hidrocarburos Aromáticos con Puentes/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Resinas Sintéticas/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/química , Humanos , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
Bioactive compounds derived from natural sources have long been investigated for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Sophoraflavanone G (SFG), a lavandulyl flavanone naturally occurring in several Sophora plant species, belongs to the group of prenylated flavonoids that have garnered significant interest in contemporary research. The natural molecule exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties and shows remarkable efficacy. Its ability to effectively suppress a range of malignant tumor cells, such as leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer, is attributed to its multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-faceted mechanisms of action. Simultaneously, it can also alleviate various inflammatory diseases by mediating inflammatory mediators and molecular pathways. Furthermore, it has the capability to combat antibiotic resistance, exhibit synergistic antibacterial properties with diverse antibiotics, and prevent and treat various agricultural pests. Theoretically, it can bring benefits to human health and has potential value as a drug. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of poor water solubility and inadequate targeting cannot be overlooked. To comprehensively assess the current research on SFG, leverage its structural advantages and pharmacological activity, overcome its low bioavailability limitations, expedite its progression into a novel therapeutic drug, and better serve the clinic, this article presents a overall retrospect of the current research status of SFG. The discussion includes an analysis of the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, bioavailability, pharmacological activities, and structure-activity relationships of SFG, with the goal of offering valuable insights and guidance for future research endeavors in this field.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Flavanonas , Fitoquímicos , Sophora , Humanos , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Sophora/química , Estructura Molecular , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/químicaRESUMEN
Sakuranin is a flavanone which is a class of flavonoids found abundantly in Prunus species. Flavonoids have been long known for their anticancer properties against a range of human cancers. However, there are no previous reports on the anticancer effects of sakuranin flavanone molecule. This study was designed to study the anticancer effects of sakuranin against human oropharyngeal carcinoma cells along with investigating its effects on caspase-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) loss, cell migration and invasion and m-TOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. MTT assay was used to study effects on cell viability. The apoptotic studies were carried out through AO/EB staining, annexin V/FITC staining, comet assay and western blotting assay. Transwell chambers assay was used to study effects on cell migration and invasion. Flow cytometry was used to study effects of Sakuranin on mitochondrial membrane potential loss (MMP). Finally, western blotting was used to investigate m-TOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Results indicated that Sakuranin led to potent cell proliferation inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Sakuranin also induced apoptotic cell death as indicated by fluorescence microscopy and annexin V/FITC staining assays. The apoptotic induction was mediated via activation of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax while as it led to downregulation of Bcl-2. Sakuranin also caused inhibition of cell migration and cell invasion along with causing significant decrease in MMP. Sakuranin also caused inhibition of expressions of proteins related with m-TOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. In conclusion, the current findings clearly indicate anticancer effects of Sakuranin flavanone in human oropharyngeal cancer cells and are mediated via caspase activated apoptosis, inhibition of cell migration and invasion, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and targeting m-TOR/PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Movimiento Celular , Flavanonas , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial , Invasividad Neoplásica , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt , Transducción de Señal , Humanos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Caspasas/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A plant used in an Indonesian traditional herbal medicine as a diabetes treatment and known locally as "Jampu Salo" was collected on Sulawesi Island, Indonesia. It was identified as Syzygium oblanceolatum (C. B. Rob.) Merr. (Myrtaceae) and found for the first time in Sulawesi; it was previously reported only in the eastern Philippines and Borneo. A phytochemical study of S. oblanceolatum led to the isolation of three unprecedented meroterpenoids, syzygioblanes A-C (1-3, respectively). These compounds might be biosynthesized through [4+2] cycloaddition of various germacrane-based cyclic sesquiterpenoids with the flavone desmethoxymatteucinol to form a spiro skeleton. The unique and complex structures were elucidated by microcrystal electron diffraction analysis in addition to general analytical techniques such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, various nuclear magnetic resonance methods, and infrared spectroscopy. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction and calculations of electronic circular dichroism spectra helped to determine the absolute configurations. The newly isolated compounds exhibited collateral sensitivity to more strongly inhibit the growth of a multidrug resistant tumor cell line compared to a chemosensitive tumor cell line.
Asunto(s)
Sesquiterpenos , Syzygium , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Syzygium/química , Estructura Molecular , Indonesia , Humanos , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Medicina Tradicional , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Línea Celular TumoralRESUMEN
Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), often have concomitant mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, a bidirectional approach involving the gut and brain axes is necessary for the prevention and treatment thereof. In this study, we explored the potential of Poncirus trifoliata extract (PT), traditionally known for its neuroprotective effects against gastrointestinal diseases, as a natural treatment agent for IBD in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Oral administration of PT ameliorated weight loss and inflammatory responses in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, PT treatment effectively restored the colon length and ameliorated enterocyte death by inhibiting DSS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated necroptosis. The main bioactive components of PT, poncirin and naringin, confirmed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC-qTOF), can be utilized to regulate necroptosis. The antidepressant-like effects of PT were confirmed using open field test (OFT) and tail suspension test (TST). PT treatment also restored vascular endothelial cell integrity in the hippocampus. In the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus, PT controlled the neuroinflammatory responses of proliferated microglia. In conclusion, PT, which contains high levels of poncirin and naringin, has potential as a bidirectional therapeutic agent that can simultaneously improve IBD-associated intestinal and mental disorders.
Asunto(s)
Colitis , Depresión , Sulfato de Dextran , Flavanonas , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Extractos Vegetales , Poncirus , Animales , Poncirus/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Ratones , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/patología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Antidepresivos/farmacología , Antidepresivos/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipocampo/patología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Licorice is widely used clinically as one of the most famous traditional Chinese herbs. Its herb roasted with honey is called honey-processed licorice (HPL). Modern studies have shown that HPL has a stronger cardioprotective ability compared to raw licorice (RL), however the material basis and mechanism of action of the potential cardioprotection have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY: To screen and validate the material basis of cardioprotection exerted by HPL and to preliminarily predict the potential mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to analyze HPL samples with different processing levels, and differential compounds were screened out through principal component analysis. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were applied to explore the association between differential compounds and doxorubicin cardiomyopathy and their mechanisms of action were predicted. An in vitro model was established to verify the cardioprotective effects of differential compounds. RESULTS: Six differential compounds were screened as key components of HPL for potential cardioprotection. Based on network pharmacology, 113 potential important targets for the treatment of Dox-induced cardiotoxicity were screened. KEGG enrichment analysis predicted that the PI3K-Akt pathway was closely related to the mechanism of action of active ingredients. Molecular docking results showed that the six differential compounds all had good binding activity with Nrf2 protein. In addition, in vitro experiments had shown that five of the active ingredients (liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and licochalcone A) can significantly increase Dox-induced H9c2 cell viability, SOD activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential, significantly reduces MDA levels and inhibits ROS generation. CONCLUSION: Liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and licochalcone A are key components of HPL with potential cardioprotective capabilities. Five active ingredients can alleviate Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.
Asunto(s)
Doxorrubicina , Miel , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Miocitos Cardíacos , Farmacología en Red , Doxorrubicina/toxicidad , Animales , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Ratas , Chalconas/farmacología , Chalconas/aislamiento & purificación , Glycyrrhiza uralensis/química , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Cardiotónicos/aislamiento & purificación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Cardiotoxicidad/prevención & control , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , GlucósidosRESUMEN
We presented a strategy utilizing 2D NMR-based metabolomic analysis of crude extracts, categorized by different pharmacological activities, to rapidly identify the primary bioactive components of TCM. It was applied to identify the potential bioactive components from Scutellaria crude extracts that exhibit anti-non-small cell lung cancer (anti-NSCLC) activity. Four Scutellaria species were chosen as the study subjects because of their close phylogenetic relationship, but their crude extracts exhibit significantly different anti-NSCLC activity. Cell proliferation assay was used to assess the anti-NSCLC activity of four species of Scutellaria. 1H-13C HSQC spectra were acquired for the chemical profiling of these crude extracts. Based on the pharmacological classification (PCA, OPLS-DA and univariate hypothesis test) were performed to identify the bioactive constituents in Scutellaria associated with the anti-NSCLC activity. As a result, three compounds, baicalein, wogonin and scutellarin were identified as bioactive compounds. The anti-NSCLC activity of the three potential active compounds were further confirmed via cell proliferation assay. The mechanism of the anti-NSCLC activity by these active constituents was further explored via flow cytometry and western blot analyses. This study demonstrated 2D NMR-based metabolomic analysis of pharmacologically classified crude extracts to be an efficient approach to the identification of active components of herbal medicine.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Proliferación Celular , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metabolómica , Extractos Vegetales , Scutellaria , Scutellaria/química , Humanos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/metabolismo , Apigenina/farmacología , Apigenina/química , Apigenina/aislamiento & purificación , Apigenina/análisis , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Glucuronatos/farmacología , Glucuronatos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucuronatos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos AntitumoralesRESUMEN
Cancer is one of the most demanding domains for innovative, effective, safe, and affordable therapeutically active chemicals. The main aim of this study is to research new phytochemicals with anticancer activity. The current experiment identified and analyzed six compounds for anti-cancer potential supported by molecular simulation studies. The defatted methanolic extract underwent column chromatography, resulting in the isolation of six flavonoids. These include 3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-flavanone (1), naringenin (2), 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-flavanone (3), sakuranetin (4), spinacetin (5), and patuletin (6). The isolated compounds (1-6) were assessed for in vitro anti-cancer activity against various cell lines such as HepG2 (hepatoma G2), A498 (kidney), NCI-H226 (lungs), and MDR2780AD (human ovarian). The maximum antiproliferative effect was against HepG2 and MDR2780AD. When compounds 6, 5, and 1 were compared to a standard anti-cancer medicine (paclitaxel) with an IC50 of 7.32, it was shown that compounds 6, 5, and 1 exhibited significant activity against HepG2 with IC50 values of 14.65, 20.87, and 27.09⯵M, respectively. All tested compounds showed an IC50 of less than 1⯵M and had notable effects against MDR2780 AD cell lines. Compound 6 exhibited notable potency against the HepG2, A498, and MDR2780AD cell lines, among the six compounds that were evaluated. In contrast, compound 3 demonstrated the most pronounced impact on the NCI-H226â¯cell line. Docking investigations were performed using tubulin as the specific target concerning PDB ID 4O2B. The six compounds under investigation interact hydrophobically and hydrophilically with tubulin-binding site amino acid residues.
Asunto(s)
Proliferación Celular , Flavanonas , Flavonoides , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Pistacia , Humanos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Pistacia/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Hep G2 , Flavanonas/farmacología , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Simulación por Computador , Paclitaxel/farmacología , FitoalexinasRESUMEN
Huangqin decoction (HQD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula for ulcerative colitis. However, the pharmacology and molecular mechanism of HQD on ulcerative colitis is still unclear. Combined microarray analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking for revealing the therapeutic targets and molecular mechanism of HQD against ulcerative colitis. TCMSP, DrugBank, Swiss Target Prediction were utilized to search the active components and effective targets of HQD. Ulcerative colitis effective targets were obtained by microarray data from the GEO database (GSE107499). Co-targets between HQD and ulcerative colitis are obtained by Draw Venn Diagram. PPI (Protein-protein interaction) network was constructed by the STRING database. To obtain the core target, topological analysis is exploited by Cytoscape 3.7.2. GO and KEGG enrichment pathway analysis was performed to Metascape platform, and molecular docking through Autodock Vina 1.1.2 finished. 161 active components with 486 effective targets of HQD were screened. 1542 ulcerative colitis effective targets were obtained with |Log2FC|> 1 and adjusted P-value < 0.05. The Venn analysis was contained 79 co-targets. Enrichment analysis showed that HQD played a role in TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, etc. IL6, TNF, IL1B, PTGS2, ESR1, and PPARG with the highest degree from PPI network were successfully docked with 19 core components of HQD, respectively. According to ZINC15 database, quercetin (ZINC4175638), baicalein (ZINC3871633), and wogonin (ZINC899093) recognized as key compounds of HQD on ulcerative colitis. PTGS2, ESR1, and PPARG are potential therapeutic targets of HQD. HQD can act on multiple targets through multi-pathway, to carry out its therapeutic role in ulcerative colitis.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Biología Computacional , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Farmacología en Red , Scutellaria baicalensis , Integración de Sistemas , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Colitis Ulcerosa/inmunología , Colitis Ulcerosa/metabolismo , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Colon/inmunología , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/aislamiento & purificación , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/genética , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavanonas/farmacología , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/aislamiento & purificación , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , PPAR gamma/genética , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Quercetina/aislamiento & purificación , Quercetina/farmacología , Scutellaria baicalensis/química , Células Th17/efectos de los fármacos , Células Th17/inmunología , Células Th17/metabolismoRESUMEN
It is of great theoretical interest and industrial significance to improve the extraction efficiency of baicalein and wogonin from Scutellaria baicalensis roots because of their high pharmacological activities. The present study was aimed to establish the optimized ultrasound-assisted enzymatic pretreatment (UAEP) process by which ultrasound irradiation and the exogenous enzyme were simultaneously applied to efficiently transform baicalin and wogonoside into baicalein and wogonin, enhancing their extraction efficiency. Single-factor experiment and Box-Behnken design were used to optimize the main UAEP conditions to maximize the total extraction yield of baicalein and wogonin. The optimized UAEP conditions were cellulase concentration of 1.1%, pH of 5.5, UAEP temperature of 56.5 °C, UAEP time of 39.4 min, and ultrasonic power of 200 W with the total extraction yield of 82.51 ± 0.85 mg/g DW. The comparison of the established technique with the reference method based on the enzymatic pretreatment revealed that the productive efficiency was significantly improved with the transformation rates nearly doubled. These results suggest that the optimized UAEP process has the potential to be applied for the green, simple, and efficient extraction of baicalein and wogonin in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
Asunto(s)
Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Scutellaria baicalensis/química , Sonicación/métodos , Celulasa/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Flavanonas/análisis , Flavanonas/química , Límite de Detección , Modelos Lineales , Raíces de Plantas/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Scutellaria baicalensis/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The ethyl acetate extraction of Artemisia ordosica Krasch (AOK) root showed anti-allergic rhinitis (AR) effect, while the active compounds and pharmacological targets were unknown. METHODS: The P815 degranulation was established by cell counting kit 8 assay, ß-hexosaminidase releasing assay and toluidine blue staining. The flavonoids were screened in vitro. Then toluidine blue staining and ELISA were carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the active compound. Network pharmacology was implemented to explain the mechanisms of the active compound. iGEMDOCK was used to investigate the binding between active compound and hub targets. KEY FINDINGS: C48/80 was the optimum reagent in triggering P815 degranulation. Naringenin could significantly decrease P815 degranulation. Meanwhile, naringenin could remarkably increase the IL-4 and decrease the tumour necrosis factor-α. The effect of naringenin on AR was achieved by regulating multiple targets (e.g. AKT1, MAPK3, VEGFA) and pathways (e.g. pathways in cancer, VEGF signalling pathway). Nine hub proteins were obtained by topological analysis. Multiple hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces were formed between the naringenin and the residues of hub proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Naringenin might be one of the effective ingredients of AOK against AR. And its effects could achieve through regulating multiple targets and pathways.
Asunto(s)
Artemisia/química , Flavanonas/farmacología , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Rinitis Alérgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Acetatos/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Degranulación de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Ratones , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Farmacología en Red , Raíces de PlantasRESUMEN
Since glucolipid metabolism disorders is often the mono-target therapy fails in managing blood glucose and lipid levels and the other complications, it is urgent and necessary to seek for the new potential drugs or functional food acting on multi-targets. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic dual activities of the root, stems and leaves of Desmodium caudatum, which is used for traditional Chinese medicine, was evaluated. Twelve extracts with different extraction conditions were prepared and extract 9 was find to exhibit potential inhibitory activities of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), α-glucosidase, and pancrelipase, as well as promote cellular glucose consumption and reduce cellular content of lipid. Five flavonoids were isolated and identified from extract 9, among which 8-prenylquercetin exhibited potent α-glucosidase (IC50 = 4.38 µM) and FBPase (IC50 = 3.62 µM) dual inhibitory activity, which were 75-fold higher than acarbose (IC50 = 330.10 µM) and comparable with AMP (IC50 = 2.92 µM). In addition, 8-prenylquercetin was able to promote glucose consumption and reduce lipid content. Besides, an efficient synthesis of the most potent 8-prenylquercetin was developed from inexpensive and commercially available rutin in 21% overall yield by 6 steps, which lay the foundation of preparation sufficient amount for follow-up study.
Asunto(s)
Fabaceae/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Quercetina/biosíntesis , Apigenina/química , Apigenina/aislamiento & purificación , Western Blotting , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Glucosa/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Células Hep G2 , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Lipasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Quercetina/química , alfa-Glucosidasas/efectos de los fármacos , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Chromolaena tacotana is a source of flavonoids with antiproliferative properties in human breast cancer cells, the most common neoplasm diagnosed in patients worldwide. Until now, the mechanisms of cell death related to the antiproliferative activity of its flavonoids have not been elucidated. In this study, a novel flavanone (3',4'-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavanone) was isolated from the plant leaves and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). This molecule selectively inhibited cell proliferation of triple-negative human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 whit IC50 values of 25.3 µg/mL and 20.8 µg/mL, respectively, determined by MTT assays with a selectivity index greater than 3. Early and late pro-apoptotic characteristics were observed by annexin-V/7-AAD detection, accompanied by a high percentage of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein inactivated and the activation of effector Caspase-3 and/or 7 in breast cancer cells. It was verified the decreasing of XIAP more than Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins expression, as well as the XIAP/Caspase-7 and Bcl-2/Bax complexes dissociation after flavanone treatment. Docking and molecular modeling analysis between the flavanone and the antiapoptotic protein XIAP suggests that the natural compound inhibits XIAP by binding to the BIR3 domain of XIAP. In this case, we demonstrate that the new flavanone isolated from leaves of Chomolaena tacotana has a promising and selective anti-breast cancer potential that includes the induction of intrinsic apoptosis by downregulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins XIAP and Bcl-2. New studies should deepen these findings to demonstrate its potential as an anticancer agent.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Apoptosis , Neoplasias de la Mama , Chromolaena , Flavanonas , Femenino , Humanos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis/antagonistas & inhibidores , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Chromolaena/química , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavanonas/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
The chemical characterization study of an endemic plant, Haplanthodes neilgherryensisis (Wight) R.B. Majumdar from Western Ghats of India, resulted in to the isolation of a new flavanone glycoside, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-O-ß-D-glucopyranosyl-2S-flavanone (1), along with 3 known flavonoids, 7-O-methyl dihydrowogonin (2), 7-O-methyl wogonin (3), andrographidine C (4). The structure of 1 was elucidated by using 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRMS experimental data, while for the known compounds, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry data were compared with the reported literature. Compound 1 was tested in vitro to check the improvement in uptake of glucose by the L6 rat skeletal muscle tissues and the observed EC50 value was 5.8 µM, while rosiglitazone showed EC50 of 2.7 µM.
Asunto(s)
Acanthaceae/química , Flavanonas , Glicósidos , Animales , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , India , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales , RatasRESUMEN
The primary flavonoid, pinocembrin, is thought to have a variety of medical uses which relate to its reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties. Some studies have reported that this flavonoid has anti-fibrotic activities. In this study, we investigated whether pinocembrin would impede fibrosis, dampen inflammation and improve lung function in a large animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. Fibrosis was induced in two localized lung segments in each of the 10 sheep participating in the study. This was achieved via two infusions of bleomycin delivered bronchoscopically at a two-week interval. Another lung segment in the same sheep was left untreated, and was used as a healthy control. The animals were kept for a little over 5 weeks after the final infusion of bleomycin. Pinocembrin, isolated from Eucalyptus leaves, was administered to one of the two bleomycin damaged lung segments at a dose of 7 mg. This dose was given once-weekly over 4-weeks, starting one week after the final bleomycin infusion. Lung compliance (as a measure of stiffness) was significantly improved after four weekly administrations of pinocembrin to bleomycin-damaged lung segments. There were significantly lower numbers of neutrophils and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage of bleomycin-infused lung segments that were treated with pinocembrin. Compared to bleomycin damaged lung segments without drug treatment, pinocembrin administration was associated with significantly lower numbers of immuno-positive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the lung parenchyma. Histopathology scoring data showed that pinocembrin treatment was associated with significant improvement in inflammation and overall pathology scores. Hydroxy proline analysis showed that the administration of pinocembrin did not reduce the increased collagen content that was induced by bleomycin in this model. Analyses of Masson's Trichrome stained sections showed that pinocembrin treatment significantly reduced the connective tissue content in lung segments exposed to bleomycin when compared to bleomycin-infused lungs that did not receive pinocembrin. The striking anti-inflammatory and modest anti-fibrotic remodelling effects of pinocembrin administration were likely linked to the compound's ability to improve lung pathology and functional compliance in this animal model of pulmonary fibrosis.
Asunto(s)
Antifibróticos/uso terapéutico , Flavanonas/uso terapéutico , Fibrosis Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Bleomicina/toxicidad , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/química , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/citología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Eucalyptus/química , Eucalyptus/metabolismo , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Pulmón/patología , Neutrófilos/citología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Fibrosis Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Fibrosis Pulmonar/patología , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Ovinos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Yinqin oral liquid (YOL) has curative effect for upper respiratory tract infections, especially for chronic pharyngitis (CP). Since the traditional Chinese herbal formulae are complicated, the pharmacological mechanism of YOL remains unclear. The aim of this work was to explore the active ingredients and mechanisms of YOL against CP. METHODS: First, the profile of putative target of YOL was predicted based on structural and functional similarities of all available YOL components, which were obtained from the Drug Bank database, to the known drugs using TCMSP. The chemical constituents and targets of honeysuckle, scutellaria, bupleurum and cicada were searched by TCMSP, CTD, GeneCards and other databases were used to query the CP-related genes, which were searched by UniProt database. Thereafter, the interactions network between compounds and overlapping genes was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis of overlapping genes was carried out on Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) platform. RESULTS: The pathway enrichment analysis showed 55 compounds and 113 corresponding targets in the compound-target network, and the key targets involved PTGS1, ESR2, GSK3ß, NCOA2, ESR1. The PPI core network contained 30 proteins, including VEGFA, IL6, ESR1, RELA and HIF1A. A total of 148 GO items were obtained (p<0.05), 102 entries on biological process (BP), 34 entries on biological process (BP) and 12 entries on cell composition (CC) were included. A total of 46 signaling pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway enrichment screening (p<0.05), involving cancer, PI3K-AKT, hepatitis, proteoglycans, p53, HIF-1 signaling pathways. CONCLUSION: These results collectively indicate YOL (including the main ingredients luteolin and baicalein) as a highly effective therapeutic agent for anti-inflammation, through the NF-kB pathway.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Faringitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad Crónica , Bases de Datos Factuales , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavanonas/farmacología , Luteolina/aislamiento & purificación , Luteolina/farmacología , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Farmacología en Red , Células RAW 264.7RESUMEN
Wogonin is one of the most active flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (baikal skullcap), widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. It exhibits a broad spectrum of health-promoting and therapeutic activities. Together with baicalein, it is considered to be the one of main active ingredients of Chinese medicines for the management of COVID-19. However, therapeutic use of wogonin may be limited due to low market availability connected with its low content in baikal skullcap and lack of efficient preparative methods for obtaining this compound. Although the amount of wogonin in skullcap root often does not exceed 0.5%, this material is rich in wogonin glucuronide, which may be used as a substrate for wogonin production. In the present study, a rapid, simple, cheap and effective method of wogonin and baicalein preparation, which provides gram quantities of both flavonoids, is proposed. The obtained wogonin was used as a substrate for biotransformation. Thirty-six microorganisms were tested in screening studies. The most efficient were used in enlarged scale transformations to determine metabolism of this xenobiotic. The major phase I metabolism product was 4'-hydroxywogonin-a rare flavonoid which exhibits anticancer activity-whereas phase II metabolism products were glucosides of wogonin. The present studies complement and extend the knowledge on the effect of substitution of A- and B-ring on the regioselective glycosylation of flavonoids catalyzed by microorganisms.
Asunto(s)
Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/farmacología , Scutellaria baicalensis/química , Animales , Biotransformación , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Flavanonas/farmacocinética , Hongos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/química , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19RESUMEN
Eight new complex flavanones with a novel linkage, cryptoyunnanones A-H (1-8), together with four known α-pyrones, were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Cryptocarya yunnanensis. The structures of 1-8 including their absolute configurations were characterized by spectroscopic data analysis and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Plausible biosynthetic pathways for the formation of compounds 1-8 were proposed. Compounds 1-4 exhibited cytotoxicity against HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, and PC-3 cancer cells with IC50 values from 6.4 to 9.1 µM.
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Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Cryptocarya/química , Flavanonas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , China , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Pironas/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
An unprecedented novel flavanone davidone F (1) with a seven-membered ring side chain, and a novel flavanonol davidone G (2), along with 11 known flavonoids, were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels. Their planar structures were established by UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by calculation of NMR chemical shift values, the absolute configuration of 1 and 2 were assigned by comparing their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Moreover, compounds 1-13 were screened for the translocation activity of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), and the fluorescence intensity was increased to the range of 1.56 and 2.79 folds. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate GLUT-4 translocation activity with 1.64 and 1.79 folds enhancement, respectively, at a concentration of 20 µg/mL.
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Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Sophora/metabolismo , China , Dicroismo Circular/métodos , Flavanonas/química , Flavanonas/aislamiento & purificación , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/efectos de los fármacos , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Estructura Molecular , Raíces de Plantas/química , Sophora/químicaRESUMEN
The bioassay-guided fractionation of a CHCl3-MeOH extract from the stems of Cissus trifoliata identified an active fraction against PC3 prostate cancer cells. The treatment for 24 h showed an 80% reduction in cell viability (p ≤ 0.05) by a WST-1 assay at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. The HPLC-QTOF-MS analysis of the fraction showed the presence of coumaric and isoferulic acids, apigenin, kaempferol, chrysoeriol, naringenin, ursolic and betulinic acids, hexadecadienoic and octadecadienoic fatty acids, and the stilbene resveratrol. The exposure of PC3 cells to resveratrol (IC25 = 23 µg/mL) for 24 h induced significant changes in 847 genes (Z-score ≥ ±2). The functional classification tool of the DAVID v6.8 platform indicates that the underlying molecular mechanisms against the proliferation of PC3 cells were associated (p ≤ 0.05) with the process of differentiation and metabolism. These findings provide experimental evidence suggesting the potential of C. trifoliata as a promising natural source of anticancer compounds.