Stain removal, abrasion and anticaries properties of a novel low abrasion dentifrice containing micro-fibrillated cellulose: in vitro assessments.

OBJECTIVES: This laboratory study assessed the performance of a novel fluoride dentifrice containing micro-fibrillated cellulose (MFC) and entrapped silica. METHODS: Removal of extrinsic stains was assessed using the pellicle cleaning ratio (PCR) method, and radioactive dentin abrasivity (RDA) was measured, to calculate a cleaning efficiency index (CEI). Fluoride efficacy was evaluated using widely used remineralization and fluoride uptake methods. The test product (Protegera™) was compared to common dentifrices (Crest - Cavity Protection™ and ProHealth™, Sensodyne Pronamel™, Arm & Hammer™ Advanced Whitening, Crest ProHealth™, and Colgate Optic White™). RESULTS: The PCR for the MFC dentifrice (141) was comparable to three known marketed stain-removing dentifrices (Arm & Hammer™ Advanced Whitening, Crest ProHealth™, and Colgate Optic White™) but it had a significantly lower RDA (88 ± 6) than 5 other products. This gave it the highest CEI of the tested products (2.0). In a 10-day pH cycling study, the fluoride efficacy of the MFC product was comparable to Sensodyne Pronamel and Crest Cavity Protection. The MFC dentifrice was superior for promoting fluoride uptake into incipient enamel lesions compared to the USP reference dentifrice. CONCLUSION: The MFC dentifrice has low abrasion, but despite this, it is highly effective in removing stained pellicle. It also is an efficacious fluoride source when compared to relevant commercially available fluoride dentifrices with high dentin abrasivity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of micro-fibrillated cellulose to a fluoride dentifrice gives a low abrasive product that can effectively remove external stains, and serve as an effective fluoride source. This combination of benefits seems well suited to enamel protection and caries prevention.

Renal Adverse Effects of Tenofovir Containing Regimens in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents in North India.

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of abnormal renal functions among children living with HIV (CLHIV) receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: A prospective, observational study was conducted among CLHIV aged 10 years to 21 years attending the pediatric HIV clinic. We included CLHIV weighing ≥ 30 kg who had been receiving TDF-containing regimens for at least 6 months, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60 ml/min/m2 at enrolment and for whom baseline laboratory parameters were available before starting ART. Clinical and laboratory parameters like serum creatinine, serum phosphate, urinary protein and glucose estimation, CD4 count and viral load were noted from records. The mean change in serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine clearance, serum phosphate, and presence of urinary glucose and protein by dipstick were assessed at 3- and 12-months follow-up. RESULTS: We enrolled 70 patients with mean (SD) age 14.99 (2.45) years who had been receiving TDF-based ART for a mean (SD) duration of 14.60 (12.80) months. At 3-months and 12-months follow-up, 32.85% and 41.42% patients, respectively, had eGFR below 90 mL/min/1.73m2, while 4.2% and 2.8% patients, respectively, had eGFR between 50-60 mL/min/1.73m2. One patient had creatinine clearance below 50 mL/min/1.73m2. Four patients had hypophosphatemia at the first and last follow-up respectively, and five patients had proteinuria. There was no statistically significant change in CD4 counts, serum potassium, or serum uric acid during study duration. CONCLUSION: TDF-containing ART regimen is associated with decreased eGFR, creatinine clearance and proteinuria.

Efficacy of a stannous fluoride dentifrice for relieving dentinal hypersensitivity in Chinese population: an 8-week randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily in relieving dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a single-centre, randomized, controlled, examiner-blind, three-treatment-arm, parallel-group study in participants with clinically diagnosed DH. Subjects who met inclusion criteria (n = 197) were randomly allocated into 3 groups: test group (n = 66)-using a 0.454% stannous fluoride-containing dentifrice twice daily; positive control group (n = 64)-using a 5.0% calcium sodium phosphosilicate-containing dentifrice twice daily; negative control group (n = 67)-using a 1150 ppm of NaF dentifrice twice daily. Status of DH was assessed at week 4 and week 8 by the same independent examiner. Changes from baseline in Schiff sensitivity score, tactile threshold and Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire (DHEQ) score were analysed using analysis of covariance models. The DHEQ evaluated subject-perceived oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements in mean Schiff scores (p < 0.0001 for all products at Weeks 4 and 8), tactile threshold (p < 0.0001 for test and negative control at Weeks 4 and 8: Week 4 p = 0.0040 and Week 8 p < 0.0001 for positive control) and all DHEQ scores (p < 0.01 for all groups) were observed. No statistically significant differences were observed in the adjusted mean between all dentifrices at both timepoints, potentially driven by a placebo effect. Forty-two treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported (n = 32 subjects), with 2 serious AEs (n = 1) in the test group. TEAEs were not considered treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS: All groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Schiff score, tactile threshold and OHRQoL. However, due to a possible placebo effect in the negative control, there were no statistically significant differences between the dentifrices. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study adds to the growing research exploring why the placebo effect is a common phenomenon in DH studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04950465.

Renal dysfunction during treatment of chronic hepatitis B with tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate and associated risk factors.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the evolution of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the presence of renal tubular dysfunction during the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and to determine the risk factors involved. METHODS: Retrospective cohort observational study of adults with chronic hepatitis B. Exclusion: hepatitis C virus-HBV coinfection, diabetes, baseline GFR less than 60 ml/min. Measurements of serum and urinary creatinine and phosphate; urinary albumin, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses tracked factors associated with worsening GFR. RESULTS: A total of 120 individuals were included: 35% NAÏVE (G1); 49.2% HBV using TDF (G2); 15.8% HBV-HIV using TDF (G3); 63.3% men; 60.8% white; 30% hypertensive. Average age was 50.5 years (SD ±â€…12.9 years). Reactive HBeAg predominated in G3 ( P  < 0.001) and cirrhosis in G2 ( P  < 0.036). NGAL was elevated in 5.3% of cases (G1 = 3.2%; G2 = 8.7%; G3 = 0%; P  = 0.582), RBP in 6.7% (G1, G3 = 0%; G2 = 13.6%; P  = 0.012), urinary phosphate/creatinine ratio in 16.2% (G1 = 15.2%; G2 = 14.5%; G3 = 23.5%; P  = 0.842) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio in 12.9% (G1 = 12.2%; G2 = 10.7%; G3 = 21.1%; P  = 0.494). Worsening of renal function occurred in 22.5% of the population (G1 = 11.9%; G2 = 28.8%; G3 = 26.3%; P  = 0.122), independently associated only with systemic arterial hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.14; P  = 0.008], but not to TDF (AOR = 2.66; P  = 0.110) or male sex (AOR = 2.39; P  = 0.135). However, the concomitance of these variables generated a high estimated risk for this outcome (51%). CONCLUSIONS: Renal tubular dysfunction was uncommon according to NGAL, RBP or urinary phosphate/creatinine ratio. TDF was not an independent factor for worsening renal function, significantly associated only with systemic arterial hypertension. However, in hypertensive men, the use of TDF should be monitored.

Newborn phosphocalcic metabolism after intravenous iron administration during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Iron deficiency anemia is a very common health problem during pregnancy and intravenous (IV) iron substitution has become part of routine management. However, recent studies have raised concerns about the association of IV iron infusion and the development of secondary transitory hypophosphatemia (HP) in adults, including pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate the impact of IV iron administration during pregnancy on the phosphocalcic metabolism of newborns. METHODS: A prospective, single-center, observational study was performed from December 2022 to May 2023 at the maternity facility of Geneva University Hospitals. We included women treated with either IV or oral iron during pregnancy. At delivery, a maternal blood sample was collected to assess hemoglobin, hematocrit, and levels of ferritin, phosphate and calcium, as well as an umbilical cord blood sample to assess levels of phosphate and calcium. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the contribution of IV iron substitution on cord blood phosphatemia and calcemia, considering potential confounding factors. Neonatal HP was defined as a phosphate level <1.3 mmol/L. RESULTS: Forty-three pregnant women were included in our study. Among these, 22 were treated with ferric carboxymaltose and 21 with oral iron. There were three cases of maternal HP in the IV iron group (13.6%) and one (4.8%) in the control group (p value for the difference= .607). We observed one case (4.5%) of neonatal HP in the IV iron group and no cases in the control group. Median cord blood phosphatemia and calcemia were 1.7 mmol/L vs. 1.71 mmol/L and 2.67 mmol/L vs. 2.64 mmol/L in the IV iron and oral groups, respectively. After adjustment, IV iron administration had no impact on cord blood phosphate (p= .919) and calcium (p= .891) levels. CONCLUSION: No impact of IV iron administration during pregnancy was observed on the newborn phosphocalcic metabolism.

Efficacy of a novel dentifrice containing bioactive glass-ceramic for dentinal hypersensitivity: A double-blind randomized controlled trial in Chinese adults.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a toothpaste containing 7.5 % HX-BGC in combating dentinal hypersensitivity. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, double-blind, three-group parallel-controlled design was employed, with Schiff Index and Yeaple Index as measurement indicators. The study evaluated the effectiveness of HX-BGC toothpaste, NovaMin toothpaste, and a negative control toothpaste without desensitizing agents. Eligible subjects underwent baseline examination after a 2-week washout period, and those meeting inclusion criteria and not meeting exclusion criteria entered the study. Participants were randomly assigned to use one of the three toothpastes. Follow-up examinations were conducted immediately after a single use and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Intra-group and inter-group comparisons were made for Schiff and Yeaple indices. Safety of the experimental toothpastes was assessed through participant feedbacks and oral soft tissue examinations. RESULTS: Subjects in the three groups were balanced in terms of age and gender distribution, with no baseline differences in indicators. Immediately after a single application of toothpaste, Yeaple indices increased, and Schiff indices decreased, with no significant differences among the groups. After 2 weeks of continuous use, Yeaple indices increased in all groups, with significant differences observed between the HX-BGC group and the other two groups. Schiff indices decreased in all groups, with the NovaMin group showing significant differences compared to the negative control group. At weeks 4 and 6, both indices in the HX-BGC group and the NovaMin group were significantly better than those in the negative control group, with the HX-BGC group outperforming the NovaMin group in the Yeaple index. No serious adverse reactions related to the study products were observed or reported by any participants. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This clinical trial confirmed the efficacy of HX-BGC in anti-dentinal hypersensitivity and supported the clinical application of the dentifrice containing HX-BGC. CONCLUSION: Compared to the negative control group, both HX-BGC and NovaMin toothpaste groups demonstrated more significant effects in combating dentinal hypersensitivity. No adverse reactions related to the experimental toothpastes were observed.

Real-world data of Brazilian adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) treated with burosumab and comparison with other worldwide cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Disease-related variants in PHEX cause XLH by an increase of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) circulating levels, resulting in hypophosphatemia and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D deficiency. XLH manifests in early life with rickets and persists in adulthood with osseous and extraosseous manifestations. Conventional therapy (oral phosphate and calcitriol) improves some symptoms, but evidence show that it is not completely effective, and it can lead to nephrocalcinosis (NC) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Burosumab (anti-FGF23 antibody) has shown to be effective and safety in the clinical trials. METHODS: The current real-world collaborative study evaluated genetic, clinical and laboratory data of XLH Brazilian adult patients treated with burosumab. RESULTS: Nineteen unrelated patients were studied. Patients reported pain, limb deformities and claudication, before burosumab initiation. 78% of them were previously treated with conventional therapy. The severity of the disease was moderate to severe (15 patients with score >5). At the baseline, 3 patients presented NC (16.7%) and 12 HPT (63%). After 16 ± 8.4 months under burosumab, we observed a significant: increase in stature (p = 0.02), in serum phosphate from 1.90 ± 0.43 to 2.67 ± 0.52 mg/dL (p = 0.02); in TmP/GFR from 1.30 ± 0.46 to 2.27 ± 0.64 mg/dL (p = 0.0001), in 1,25 (OH)2 D from 50.5 ± 23.3 to 71.1 ± 19.1 pg/mL (p = 0.03), and a decrease in iPTH from 86.8 ± 37.4 pg/mL to 66.5 ± 31.1 (p = 0.002). Nineteen variants were found (10 novel). HPT tended to develop in patients with truncated PHEX variants (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the efficacy and safety of burosumab on XLH adult patients observed in clinical trials. Additionally, we observed a decrease in iPTH levels in patients with moderate to severe HPT at the baseline.

LASSO regression shows histidine and sphingosine 1 phosphate are linked to both sepsis mortality and endothelial damage.

Sepsis is a major cause of death worldwide, with a mortality rate that has remained stubbornly high. The current gold standard of risk stratifying sepsis patients provides limited mechanistic insight for therapeutic targeting. An improved ability to predict sepsis mortality and to understand the risk factors would allow better treatment targeting. Sepsis causes metabolic dysregulation in patients; therefore, metabolomics offers a promising tool to study sepsis. It is also known that that in sepsis endothelial cells affecting their function regarding blood clotting and vascular permeability. We integrated metabolomics data from patients admitted to an intensive care unit for sepsis, with commonly collected clinical features of their cases and two measures of endothelial function relevant to blood vessel function, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule and soluble thrombomodulin concentrations in plasma. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized regression, and pathway enrichment analysis to identify features most able to predict 30-day survival. The features important to sepsis survival include carnitines, and amino acids. Endothelial proteins in plasma also predict 30-day mortality and the levels of these proteins also correlate with a somewhat overlapping set of metabolites. Overall metabolic dysregulation, particularly in endothelial cells, may be a contributory factor to sepsis response. By exploring sepsis metabolomics data in conjunction with clinical features and endothelial proteins we have gained a better understanding of sepsis risk factors.

Dental impact of anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 therapy in X-linked hypophosphatemia / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

Elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) results in rickets and phosphate wasting, manifesting by severe bone and dental abnormalities. Burosumab, a FGF23-neutralizing antibody, an alternative to conventional treatment (phosphorus and active vitamin D analogs), showed significant improvement in the long bone phenotype. Here, we examined whether FGF23 antibody (FGF23-mAb) also improved the dentoalveolar features associated with XLH. Four-week-old male Hyp mice were injected weekly with 4 or 16 mg·kg-1 of FGF23-mAb for 2 months and compared to wild-type (WT) and vehicle (PBS) treated Hyp mice (n = 3-7 mice). Micro-CT analyses showed that both doses of FGF23-mAb restored dentin/cementum volume and corrected the enlarged pulp volume in Hyp mice, the higher concentration resulting in a rescue similar to WT levels. FGF23-mAb treatment also improved alveolar bone volume fraction and mineral density compared to vehicle-treated ones. Histology revealed improved mineralization of the dentoalveolar tissues, with a decreased amount of osteoid, predentin and cementoid. Better periodontal ligament attachment was also observed, evidenced by restoration of the acellular cementum. These preclinical data were consistent with the retrospective analysis of two patients with XLH showing that burosumab treatment improved oral features. Taken together, our data show that the dentoalveolar tissues are greatly improved by FGF23-mAb treatment, heralding its benefit in clinics for dental abnormalities.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of Chaiyin Granules in treatment of influenza / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Chaiyin Granules compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the treatment of influenza(exogenous wind-heat syndrome). Based on a randomized, double-blind, positive drug parallel control clinical trial, this study evaluated the pharmacoeconomics of Chaiyin Granules with cost-effectiveness analysis method. A total of 116 patients with influenza from eight hospitals(grade Ⅱ level A above) in 6 cities were selected in this study, including 78 cases in the experimental group with Chaiyin Granules and Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules placebo, and 38 cases in the control group with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules and Chaiyin Granules placebo. The total cost of this study included direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost, and indirect cost. The remission time of clinical symptoms, cure time/cure rate, antipyretic onset time/complete antipyretic time, viral nucleic acid negative rate, and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome curative effect were selected as the effect indicators for cost-effectiveness analysis. Four-quadrant diagram was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The results showed that Chaiyin Granules were not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the remission time of clinical symptoms of influenza(3.1 d vs 2.9 d, P=0.360, non-inferiority margin was 0.5 d). Compared with Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules, Chaiyin Granules would delay the remission time of clinic symptoms of influenza for 1 d, but could save 213.9 yuan. 1 d delay in cure time could save 149.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the cure rate could save 8.2 yuan; 1 d delay in antipyretic onset time could save 295.4 yuan; 1 d delay in complete antipyretic time could save 114.3 yuan; 1% reduction in the 5-day cure rate of TCM syndrome could save 19.2 yuan. Different from other indicators, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in the effect of negative conversion rate of viral nucleic acid, but the cost was lower and the effect was superior, and the pharmacoeconomics was not different from that of Oseltamivir Phosphate Capsules in the field of influenza treatment.

Burosumabe para o tratamento de hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X em adultos e crianças / Burosumabe for or treatment of hypophosphatemia linked to or chromosome X in adults and infants

CONTEXTO: A hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X (HLX) é considerada uma doença ultrarrara, cronicamente debilitante e deformante. É uma doença causada por mutações no gene regulador do fosfato com homologia às endopeptidases do cromossomo X (PHEX), que leva a perda de função do mesmo, gerando erros na detecção de fosfato e aumento dos níveis de fator de crescimento de fibroblastos 23 (FGF23). Os maiores achados clínicos na XLH são hipofosfatemia, retardo no crescimento, raquitismo e/ou osteomalácia. Anormalidades esqueléticassão sinais precoces de HLX. Fraturas, perdas auditivas, problemas dentários e osteomalácia podem aparecer além da perda de qualidade de vida associada. O tratamento convencional é realizado com administração de fosfato e vitamina D. Esta não é uma terapia com alvo no mecanismo fisiopatológico da doença, resumindo-se à tentativa de minorar a hipofosfatemia e o excesso de hormônio da paratireoide. A reposição oral de fosfato e vitamina D são insuficientes para atender aos objetivos do tratamento, não logrando alterar a densidade mineral óssea da coluna e quadril em adultos e estão associados a efeitos adversos importantes. Considera-se a possibilidade de inibição da atividade do FGF23 como uma medida terapêutica única para doenças hipofosfatêmicas causadas pelo excesso de FGF23. O burosumabe é um anticorpo monoclonal, sendo o primeiro medicamento desenvolvido para inibir a FGF23 e com isso aumentar a reabsorção de fosfato do rim, para que pela produção de vitamina D, melhore a absorção intestinal de cálcio e fosfato reduzindo os danos causados pela HLX. Agências internacionais aprovaram seu uso inicialmente nas populações pediátricas, em que o benefício clínico na melhora da HLX está mais estabelecido. Alguns países ampliaram o uso para a população adulta. TECNOLOGIA: burosumabe (CRYSVITA®). PERGUNTA: O uso de burosumabe para o tratamento da hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X é eficaz e seguro quando comparado ao tratamento com fosfato e vitamina D ou placebo? EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS: Em revisão sistemática da literatura, o demandante selecionou seis estudos clínicos que avaliaram o uso do burosumabe no tratamento da HLX. Três destes foram realizados em pacientes pediátricos e três em pacientes adultos. Há algumas limitações inerentes aos estudos de fase 2 e 3 selecionados. Os resultados apresentados demostram benefícios clínicos especialmente na melhora do raquitismo em crianças, da mobilidade e crescimento com tratamento com burosumabe em relação ao tratamento com fosfato e vitamina D. O estudo de Imel, et al., 2019 mostrou melhora do Escore Radiographic Global Impression of Change (RGI-C) ­ global ­ diferença média dos mínimos quadrados em 40 semanas: 1,1 (IC95% 0,8 ­ 1,5; ; p <0,0001) favorecendo o tratamento com burosumabe. O estudo de Carpenter et al., 2018, avaliou o mesmo escore em 40 semanas e obteve os seguintes resultados de acordo com a posologia: burosumabe, duas vezes por mês (+1,66 ± 0,09); burosumabe, uma vez por mês (+1,47 ± 0,14); burosumabe, todos os pacientes (+1,56 ± 0,08). Ao avaliar a gravidade do raquitismo pelo escore Thatcher, a diferença média dos mínimos quadrados em 40 semanas de acordo com a posologia foi: burosumabe, duas vezes por mês: -1,06 ± 0,11; p< 0,0001; burosumabe, uma vez por mês: -0,73 ± 0,10; p<0,0001 1; burosumabe, todos os pacientes: -0,89 ± 0,0,07. Em adultos também houve benefícios com o uso do medicamento, porém menos consistentes que na população pediátrica. Insogna et al., 2018, avaliaram a cura completa de fraturas ativas ou pseudofraturas em 24 semanas. Os seguintes resultados foram observados: burosumabe (43,1%) versus placebo (7,7%); Odds ratio OR 16,8 (IC95% não reportado); p<0,0001. Os estudos em adultos foram comparados com placebo, logo os resultados favoráveis ao burosumabe foram esperados. Em relação à segurança, tanto na população pediátrica quanto adulta, o burosumabe não acarretou nenhum evento adverso grave nos estudos realizados. AVALIAÇÃO ECONÔMICA: O demandante realizou uma análise de custo-efetividade. O modelo foi construído em uma planilha MS Excel com base em uma estrutura de Markov com horizonte temporal de toda a vida. Dois modelos de custo-efetividade foram apresentados, um considerando a população pediátrica (idades de 1 a 17 anos) e outro a população adulta (idade ≥18 anos). A razão de custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI) do burosumabe em relação ao uso de fosfato e vitamina D em pediatria foi de R$ 2.401.312,64/QALY e para a população adulta de R$ 2.534.873,52 /QALY. Nas análises de sensibilidade univariada para ambas as populações o modelo se mostrou sensível ao custo do burosumabe e idade de início do tratamento. O modelo possui limitações, entre elas a ausência de dados de incidência da HLX na população brasileira e os dados disponíveis no DATASUS relacionados a procedimentos e tratamentos provavelmente estão subestimados em relação a doença. Por tratar-se de doença rara, a falta de registro de dados e suas implicações podem impactar no modelo e suas análises de sensibilidade. AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTO ORÇAMENTÁRIO: A análise de impacto orçamentário (AIO) realizada pelo demandante previu população de pacientes elegíveis para o tratamento com burosumabe baseada em referências internacionais pela ausência de dados registrados no Brasil. Foi adotado um horizonte de 5 anos. O demandante apresentou um cenário base com incorporação de burosumabe para 100% dos pacientes. No cenário ­base os impactos orçamentários em cinco anos foram: R$ 197.249.738,34 para a população pediátrica e R$ 224.968.284,47 para a população adulta. Um outro cenário considerando que 50% seriam diagnosticados e tratados com burosumabe ou fosfato e vitamina D em 5 anos foi apresentado: R$ 98.624.869,17 para a população pediátrica e R$ 67.490.485,34 para a população adulta. O cenário 3 considerou a introdução gradual do burosumabe em 20%, 40%, 50% e 75%, chegando a 100% no quinto ano, assim o impacto em 5 anos foi de: R$ 65.209.976,69 para a população pediátrica R$ 48.026.685,80 para a população adulta. Apesar desse cenário ser o mais próximo do real, a disseminação pode ser maior já que há ausência de tratamento eficaz para a doença. Além disso, a AIO têm provavelmente subestimativas da população por usar uma média internacional e não considerar a incidência da doença ao longo do horizonte temporal. MONITORAMENTO DO HORIZONTE TECNOLÓGICO: De acordo com os critérios adotados nessa análise, não foram localizados medicamentos em desenvolvimento clínico para a doença. DISCUSSÃO: A análise da evidência clínica apresentada sugere que a tecnologia proposta apresenta efetividade superior à única alternativa disponível atualmente para tratamento da HLX no SUS, com confiabilidade moderada, corroborando atuais recomendações para seu uso em diretrizes internacionais. Por ser uma doença rara, com limitações de dados brasileiros disponibilizados, as análises econômicas submetidas pelo demandante indicam limitações metodológicas, reduzindo a confiabilidade das conclusões a respeito de custo-efetividade e impacto orçamentário no cenário brasileiro podendo ter os valores subestimados. RECOMENDAÇÃO PRELIMINAR DA CONITEC: Os membros do plenário não consideraram como robustas as evidências científicas de eficácia e segurança do borusomabe. Além disso, foi considerado elevado o valor de custo-efetividade incremental, assim como o impacto orçamentário. Sendo assim, no dia 7 de outubro de 2020, em sua 91ª reunião de plenário, os membros da Conitec foram desfavoráveis à recomendação de incorporação no SUS do "Burosumabe para o tratamento de hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X em adultos e crianças". CONSULTA PÚBLICA: a Consulta Pública nº 56 foi realizada entre os dias 04/11/2020 e 30/11/2020. Foram recebidas 619 contribuições, sendo 103 pelo formulário para contribuições técnico-científicas e 516 pelo formulário para contribuições sobre experiência ou opinião. Após apreciação das contribuições recebidas, o Plenário da Conitec entendeu que houve argumentação suficiente para mudança de entendimento acerca de sua recomendação preliminar. A maioria das contribuições foram contra recomendação e se concentraram nos seguintes benefícios do medicamento: eficácia do tratamento; melhora dos sintomas; melhora dos níveis de fosfato e qualidade de vida. Desse modo, a Comissão mudou a recomendação inicial. RECOMENDAÇÃO FINAL DA CONITEC: Os membros da Conitec presentes na 94ª reunião ordinária, no dia 04 de fevereiro de 2021, consideraram que os benefícios clínicos do tratamento foram mais acentuados na população pediátrica apresentando desfechos consistentes. Diante do exposto, os membros presentes deliberaram, por unanimidade, a recomendação do burosumabe para o tratamento de hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X em crianças conforme protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT) e recomendar a não incorporação do burosumabe para o tratamento de hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X em adultos. Assim, foi assinado o Registro de Deliberação nº 589/2021. DECISÃO: incorporar o burosumabe para o tratamento da hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X em crianças conforme Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas (PCDT) e não incorporar o burosumabe para o tratamento da hipofosfatemia ligada ao cromossomo X em adultos, do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, conforme Portaria nº 01, publicada no Diário Oficial da União nº 34, seção 1, página 93, em 22 de fevereiro de 2021.

Evaluación de fugas extrarticulares del Fosfato crómico marcado con Fósforo-32 de producción nacional en pacientes hemofílicos / Evaluation of joint leakage of national Chromic Phosphate labeled with Phosphorus-32 in hemophilic patients

La radiosinoviortesis como tratamiento de la artropatía hemofílica, frecuentemente, ofrece excelentes resultados, al reducir grandemente el número de episodios de sangramiento y evitar daños ulteriores a las articulaciones. El Centro de Isótopos desarrolló el fosfato crómico coloidal marcado con Fósforo-32, producto listo para su empleo en pacientes hemofílicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la fuga extrarticular de este radiofármaco utilizado en la radiosinoviortesis en pacientes hemofílicos. Se determinó el porcentaje de fuga extrarticular del radiofármaco en 9 pacientes hemofílicos con sinovitis crónica, a los que se les realizó la radiosinoviortesis en la articulación de la rodilla. La radiactividad se midió, con un contador Geiger-Muller, sobre la rodilla tratada, en sus aspectos lateral, encima y medial; la rodilla contralateral; las cadenas linfáticas inguinales, de ambos lados, y el hígado. Los valores de fuga encontrados posteriormente a la inyección fueron 0,0046 por ciento a los 10 min; 0,0023 por ciento a las 24 horas; 0,1332 por ciento el día 7 y 4,0213 por ciento el día 30. Estos resultados coinciden con los valores comunicados por otros autores y con lo esperado de acuerdo a las características del producto, indican que se ejecutó el proceder adecuadamente y que los pacientes fueron seleccionados correctamente(AU)

Radiosynoviorthesis as a treatment for hemophilic arthropathy often offers excellent results, greatly reducing the number of bleeding episodes and avoiding further damage to the joints. The Isotope Center developed a product, Colloidal Chromic Phosphate labeled with Phosphorus-32, ready for use in hemophiliac patients. Our objective was to evaluate the joint leakage of this radiopharmaceutical use in radiosynoviorthesis in hemophilic patients. The percentage of radiopharmaceutical joint leakage was evaluated in 9 hemophilic patients with chronic synovitis, who underwent radiosynoviorthesis in the knee joint. The radioactivity was measured on the treated knee, in its lateral, above and medial aspects, the contralateral knee, the inguinal lymphatic chains of both sides and the liver, with a Geiger-Muller detector. The leakage values 8203;​found after the injection were 0.0046 percent at 10 minutes, 0.0023 percent at 24 hours, 0.1332 percent on day 7 and 4.0213 percent on day 30. These results are agreed with the values reported by other authors and with was expected according to the characteristics of the product, indicatate that the procedure was executed properly and that the patients were correctly selected(AU)

Síndrome hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia: descripción de un caso / The hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia syndrome: A case report

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Tetania severa por uso de enemas fosfatados, reporte de caso / Tetany secondary to phosphate enema toxicity, case report

Los enemas fosfatados son utilizados frecuentemente en el tratamiento de la constipación. Errores en la posología pueden producir complicaciones graves. Objetivo: Reportar un caso de toxicidad grave por enema fosfatado en un pre escolar sin factores de riesgo. Caso clínico: Paciente de 2 años con constipación funcional, evaluada en servicio de urgencia por dolor abdominal a quién se le diagnosticó un fecaloma impactado. Recibió 2 dosis de enema de fosfato, “medio frasco” de Fleet® adulto (Synthon, Chile) por vez, sin resolución de su fecaloma, decidiéndose hospitalización para proctoclisis. Posterior al ingreso presentó un cuadro clínico de tetania. Ingresó a la Unidad de Paciente Crítico donde se confirmó una hiperfosfemia e hipocalcemia secundaria. Se realizó corrección electrolítica progresiva, retiro de enema fosfatado residual del recto e hiperhidratación forzando diuresis. La tetania cedió 2 horas después del ingreso sin otras complicaciones. Se realizó proctoclisis y fue dada de alta a los 3 días. Conclusión: Los enemas fosfatados pueden presentar complicaciones graves en niños sin factores de riesgo. Errores en la posología son la causa más frecuente de toxicidad en este grupo, pero esta puede estar favorecida también por una administración y eliminación inadecuadas. Pediatras y personal de salud que atiende a niños deben conocer factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas de intoxicación por enemas fosfatados.

Phosphate enemas are frequently used in the treatment of constipation. Errors in dosage and administration can lead to severe complications. Objective: To report a case of severe toxicity of phosphate enemas in a child with no risk factors. Case: 2 years old female, with functional constipation, was brought to emergency department because abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with fecal impaction and received half a bottle of Fleet Adult® (Laboratorio Synthon, Chile) two times, with no clinical resolution, deciding to start proctoclisis in pediatric ward. Soon after admission, she presented painful tetany, but alert and oriented. Patient was transferred to PICU where severe hyperphosphatemia and secondary hypocalcemia were confirmed. Her treatment included electrolyte correction; removal of residual phosphate enema and hyperhydration. Tetany resolved over 2 hours after admission and no other complications. Proctoclisis was performed and patient was discharged three days after admission with pharmacological management of constipation. Conclusion: Phosphate enemas may cause serious complications in children with no risk factors. Errors in dosage, administration and removal of the enema are causes of toxicity in this group. Pediatricians and health personnel must be aware of risks and signs of toxicity of phosphate enema.

Impacto de um dentifrício contendo silicato de cálcio, fosfato e flúor no desgaste erosivo da dentina / Impact of a dentifrice containing calcium silicate, phosphate, and fluoride on erosive dentin wear

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar in situ a eficácia da aplicação do dentifrício com adição de silicato de cálcio, fosfato e flúor na prevenção do desgaste erosivo, considerando os episódios de erosão e/ou abrasão da dentina. Utilizando um protocolo in situ, após a confecção dos blocos de dentina de dentes bovinos, foi realizada a dureza de superfície para seleção dos espécimes e a análise do perfil inicial. Por conseguinte, os espécimes foram distribuídos em dispositivos intrabucais utilizados pelos voluntários previamente selecionados, após o cálculo da amostra. Os grupos em estudo foram GI e GII aplicação de dentifrício com adição de silicato de cálcio, fosfato e flúor (REGENERATE Enamel Science), pH 9,60; controles positivos GIII e GIV - aplicação de dentifrício AmF-NaF-SnCl2 (Elmex® EROSION PROTECTION), pH 4,54; e controles negativos GV e GVI - aplicação de água; sendo que os grupos pares foram submetidos a erosão (ERO) e os ímpares a erosão mais abrasão (ERO+ABR). O estudo foi randomizado, cruzado e cego para o pesquisador, contendo três fases, de acordo com cada tratamento experimental, controle positivo e controle negativo. Em cada uma das fases in situ de cinco dias, 16 voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos (quatro blocos: dois ERO e dois ERO+ABR), os quais 4x/dia eram imersos em ácido cítrico 0,5% por 2 minutos e 2x/dia o voluntário aplicava solução de dentifrício, concentração 1:3 (slurry) ou água, de acordo com cada tratamento, nos quatro espécimes após a primeira e terceira ciclagem. Em dois deles, a escovação era realizada com escova elétrica por 15 segundos por espécime, para simular episódios de abrasão, após a aplicação do slurry. A variável de resposta adotada foi a perfilometria. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA a dois critérios e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A perda de dentina foi semelhante para erosão e erosão associada à abrasão. O tratamento com dentifrício Elmex foi capaz de prevenir a perda em dentina de 23% para erosão e 26% para erosão associada à abrasão, sendo a perda de dentina estatisticamente menor, que o dentifrício Regenerate e o controle água, sendo que os dois últimos resultaram em desgaste estatisticamente semelhante. Conclui-se que o uso do dentifrício contendo silicato de cálcio, fosfato de sódio e flúor não foi capaz de diminuir a perda de dentina frente a desafios erosivos e abrasivos.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of in situ application of a dentifrice containing calcium silicate, phosphate, and fluoride on the prevention of erosive wear, considering the episodes of dentin erosion and/or abrasion. This was an in situ study. After the construction of the dentin blocks from bovine teeth, the surface hardness was performed to select the specimens followed by the initial profile analysis. Then, the specimens were placed in intraoral devices used by previously selected volunteers, after the sample size calculation. The study groups were: GI and GII application of dentifrice containing calcium silicate, phosphate, and fluoride (REGENERATE Enamel Science ) pH 9,60; positive controls GIII and GIV - application of AmF-NaF-SnCl2 dentifrice (Elmex® EROSION PROTECTION) pH 4,54; and negative controls GV and GVI - application of water. The even-numbered groups were subjected to erosion (ERO) and the odd-numbered groups to erosion and abrasion (ERO + ABR). This randomized, cross, and blinded study had three stages (one per type of treatment). In each of the 5-day in situ stages, 16 volunteers worn the palatal devices (4 blocks: 2 ERO and 2 ERO + APR), which were immersed into 0.5% citric acid, for 2 min, 4x/day. The volunteer applied either the dentifrice slurry (1:3 concentration) or water on the four specimens, 2x/day after the first and third cycling. On two specimens, toothbrushing was performed with electric toothbrush for 15 s per specimen, to simulate episodes of abrasion, after slurry application. The response variable adopted was the profilometry. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The dentin loss was similar both for erosion and erosion associated to abrasion. Treatment with Elmex dentifrice promoted a dentin loss of 23% for erosion and 26% for erosion associated with abrasion, with statistically smaller than that of the dentifrice Regenerate and the water control. The water control had a wear statistically similar to the dentifrice Regenerate. In conclusion, the use of a dentifrice containing calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, and fluoride was not able to decrease the dentin loss after erosive and abrasive challenges.(AU)

Osteomalacia hipofosfatémica sintomática secundaria a tratamiento con hierro carboximaltosa objetivada con gammagrafía ósea / Symptomatic hypophosphataemic osteomalacia secondary to the treatment with iron carboxymaltose detected in bone scintigraphy

El desarrollo de osteomalacia hipofosfatémica se ha relacionado con diversos tratamientos, fundamentalmente antirretrovirales y administración de hierro por vía intravenosa. La frecuencia de la hipofosfatemia hace necesario vigilar el fosfato tras la administración de hierro carboximaltosa. Presentamos el caso de una mujer sin antecedentes de alteración del metabolismo fosfo-cálcico a la que se pautó este tratamiento por anemia debida a hipermenorrea e intolerancia al hierro por vía oral. Comenzó con dolor oligoarticular que se generalizó más tarde, con importante impotencia funcional y cuya relación con la administración por vía intravenosa de hierro fue descubierta cuando los hallazgos gammagráficos junto con la analítica orientaron hacia una osteomalacia hipofosfatémica. Respondió de forma satisfactoria al tratamiento con fosfato como se objetivó clínicamente y en la gammagrafía ósea de control (AU)

The development of hypophosphataemic osteomalacia has been linked with several treatments, mainly antiretroviral and intravenous iron administration. The frequency of the hypophosphataemia requires monitoring the phosphate after the administration of iron carboxymaltose. We describe a case of a woman with no calcium-phosphorous metabolism disorder, to whom this treatment was prescribed for anaemia due to menorrhagia and intolerance to oral iron. She started with oligoarticular pain, which was spreading with a significant functional loss. The relationship with the administration of intravenous iron was discovered when scintigraphic findings together with laboratory results led to a diagnosis of hypophosphataemic osteomalacia. The patient responded satisfactorily to treatment with phosphate both clinically and in the follow-up bone scintigraphy (AU)

Raquitismo hipofosfatémico ligado a X por mutaciones en PHEX: variabilidad clínica y evolutiva / X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets due to mutations in PHEX: Clinical and evolutionary variability

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Randomized Controlled Trial of Sodium Phosphate Tablets versus 2 L Polyethylene Glycol Solution for Bowel Cleansing prior to Colonoscopy / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Performance of polyethylene glycol solution (PEG) is often unsatisfactory as bowel preparation agent for colonoscopy. In order to provide equivalent efficacy with better patient tolerance, sodium phosphate tablet (SPT) has been developed. This study was carried out to compare the efficacy and compliance of two bowel preparation methods: PEG with ascorbic acid (PEGA) vs. SPT preparation. METHODS: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial was performed. Primary efficacy variable was overall quality of colon cleansing assessed by Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS) during colonoscopy. Patient's satisfaction and adverse events were evaluated by means of symptom questionnaire completed by each patient immediately before colonoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 189 patients were randomly assigned to undergo pre-colonoscopic bowel preparation with either SPT (n=96) or PEGA (n=93). Overall BBPS score was 8.3+/-1.12 in the SPT group and 8.4+/-0.96 in the PEGA group (p=0.441). Among the 189 patients, 90 had polyps (47.6%) and 50 had adenomas (26.5%). The polyp/adenoma detection rate was 54.2% (n=52)/27.1% (n=26) for SPT group and 40.9% (n=38)/25.8% (n=24) for PEGA group (p=0.079 and 0.790, respectively). More number of patients were unable to take the prescribed dose of PEGA compared with the SPT regimen (8.6% vs. 2.0%, p=0.045). Overall satisfaction score was 7.9+/-1.63 in the SPT group and 7.4+/-1.53 in the PEGA group (p=0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Degree of colon preparation, polyp/adenoma detection rate and adverse effect were similar between SPT group and PEGA group. Patient compliance and satisfaction were greater in the SPT group.

The influence of desensitizing dentifrices on pain induced by in-office bleaching

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of desensitizing dentifrices used 15 days prior to and after in-office tooth bleaching could eliminate or reduce tooth sensitivity. After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 45 subjects were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the dentifrice selected: Colgate Total (CT), Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief (CS) or Sensodyne ProNamel (SP). The subjects used toothpaste and a toothbrush provided to them for 15 days prior to bleaching. They were then submitted to two in-office bleaching sessions (Whiteness HP Blue Calcium). Their tooth sensitivity was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for a week after each session. Their tooth shade alteration was measured with a Vitapan Classical shade guide to determine if the dentifrices could influence the effectiveness of the bleaching agent. The data were submitted to Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). The use of desensitizing dentifrices did not affect the bleaching efficacy. In regard to tooth sensitivity, there was a statistically significant difference between the results of the Control Group and Group T2 after the first session (p = 0.048). There was no statistically significant difference in the results for the other groups after the first session. In regard to the second session, there was no statistically significant difference in the results for all the groups. The use of a desensitizing dentifrice containing nitrate potassium reduced tooth sensitivity during the bleaching regimen. Dentifrices containing arginine and calcium carbonate did not reduce tooth sensitivity. Color change was not influenced by the dentifrices used.