RESUMEN
The human face contains the sense organs and is responsible for essential functions: swallowing, chewing, speech, breathing and communication. It is also and most importantly the seat of a person's identity. Multiple trauma adds a life-threatening dimension to the physical and psychological impact of a facial trauma.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Faciales/enfermería , Traumatismo Múltiple/enfermería , Lesiones Encefálicas/clasificación , Lesiones Encefálicas/enfermería , Lesiones Encefálicas/psicología , Conducta Cooperativa , Lesiones Oculares/clasificación , Lesiones Oculares/enfermería , Lesiones Oculares/parasitología , Huesos Faciales/lesiones , Traumatismos Faciales/clasificación , Traumatismos Faciales/psicología , Humanos , Comunicación Interdisciplinaria , Traumatismo Múltiple/clasificación , Traumatismo Múltiple/psicología , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Fracturas Craneales/clasificación , Fracturas Craneales/enfermería , Fracturas Craneales/psicologíaRESUMEN
Head injury is defined as any trauma to the head other than superficial injuries to the face (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence 2010) and is the most common type of traumatic injury seen in children (Johnstone et al 1996). A skull fracture, meanwhile, describes a break in the cranial bones and is highly predictive of intracranial injuries (Schutzman and Greenes 2001). Emergency practitioners should understand the signs and symptoms indicative of skull fracture, therefore, and know when to refer children to neurosurgical colleagues. This article examines the literature on skull fractures and the available guidelines on the management of head injuries, and presents a relevant case study.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/enfermería , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico , Fracturas Craneales/enfermería , Algoritmos , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Niño , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Examen Neurológico , Evaluación en Enfermería , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Fracturas Craneales/complicaciones , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , TriajeAsunto(s)
Enfermería de Urgencia/métodos , Epistaxis/enfermería , Huesos Faciales/lesiones , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Epistaxis/diagnóstico , Epistaxis/terapia , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monitoreo Fisiológico/métodos , Traumatismo Múltiple/diagnóstico , Traumatismo Múltiple/enfermería , Medición de Riesgo , Fracturas Craneales/enfermería , Fracturas Craneales/terapia , Resultado del Tratamiento , ViolenciaAsunto(s)
Conmoción Encefálica/enfermería , Traumatismos Cerrados de la Cabeza/enfermería , Fracturas Craneales/enfermería , Adolescente , Lechos , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Electroencefalografía/enfermería , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Lactante , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Monitoreo Fisiológico/enfermería , Evaluación en Enfermería/métodos , Registros de Enfermería , Enfermería en Rehabilitación/métodosRESUMEN
Trauma causes more than 50% of the deaths in children under the age of 16 years. The leading cause is road traffic accidents with children being involved as passengers, pedestrians or bicycle riders (Brown et al 1993). When a paediatric trauma patient arrives in the Accident and Emergency department it is usually met with trepidation and anxiety. The care of the paediatric trauma victim follows the same protocols and procedures as with an adult. The primary survey consists of airway with cervical spine control, breathing, circulation with haemorrhage control, disability and exposure. The secondary survey consists of a head-to-toe examination. There are certain differences between children and adults, and children should never be considered as little adults. This article covers the primary survey and highlights the essential differences between adult and paediatric trauma care.