Distribución espacial de egresos hospitalarios de casos por infección vírica por picadura de mosquito en México entre 2004 y 2014 / Spatial distribution of hospital discharges of cases of viral infection from mosquito bites in Mexico in the period 2004-2014 / Distribuição espacial de egressos hospitalares de casos de infecção viral por picada de mosquitos no México entre 2004 e 2014

RESUMEN Objetivo Conocer la distribución espacial de los egresos hospitalarios por fiebre vírica por picadura de mosquito (FVPM) en México y caracterizar su evolución histórica en el periodo 2004-2014. Métodos Se realizo un análisis exploratorio e inferencial de corte transversal. Los datos primarios se obtuvieron de los registros de egresos hospitalarios del Sistema Nacional de Información en Salud (SINAIS) del periodo 2004-2014. Para identificar clusters de los casos notificados, se estimaron indicadores de asociación geográfica y establecieron zonas de riesgo sobre la base de determinantes ambientales que se validaron con medidas estimadas de concentración relativa. Para conocer la evolución temporal y determinar la estructura de edad de los casos, se estimaron tasas de crecimiento y se construyeron curvas de densidad. Resultados La distribución geográfica de estos egresos hospitalarios en México sigue un patrón focalizado. En total se detectó alta concentración en clusters integrados por 20 municipios de los cuales 9 se localizaron en el estado de Sinaloa. En 37% de los estados del país las concentraciones de egresos hospitalarios por FVPM fueron mayores que las del país en conjunto y sus índices de localización oscilaron entre 5,79 en Sinaloa y 1,17 en Campeche. Conclusión La información geográfica obtenida, la referente al vínculo encontrado entre las zonas de alto riesgo de transmisión de la infección por la presencia del vector transmisor y la relativa a las condiciones sociales como la pobreza son útiles para diseñar estrategias de prevención y control de las infecciones víricas emergentes transmitidas por artrópodos en México, como la del virus del Zika.

ABSTRACT Objective Determine the spatial distribution of hospital discharges of viral fever caused by mosquito bites in Mexico and characterize its historical trend in the period 2004-2014. Methods An exploratory cross-sectional inferential analysis was performed. The primary data were obtained from the hospital discharge registries of the National Health Information System (SINAIS) for the period 2004-2014. In order to identify clusters of reported cases, indicators of geographical association were estimated and risk areas established on the basis of environmental determinants validated with estimated relative concentration measurements. In order to determine the temporal trend and age structure of the cases, growth rates were estimated and density curves constructed. Results The geographic distribution of these hospital discharges in Mexico follows a focalized pattern. In total, a high concentration was detected in clusters made up of 20 municipalities, 9 of which were located in the state of Sinaloa. In 37% of states in the country, the concentrations of hospital discharges of viral fever cases were higher than those for the country as a whole, and their localization indices ranged from 5.79 in Sinaloa to 1.17 in Campeche. Conclusion Geographic information, information on the link found between areas at high risk for transmission of infection due to the presence of the transmitting vector, and information on social conditions such as poverty are useful for designing strategies for the prevention and control of emerging arthropod-borne viral infections, such as the Zika virus, in Mexico.

RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer a distribuição espacial dos egressos hospitalares de febre viral por picada de mosquitos (FVPM) no México e caracterizar sua evolução histórica no período 2004-2014. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo exploratório e inferencial de corte transversal. Os dados primários foram obtidos dos registros de egressos hospitalares do Sistema Nacional de Informação em Saúde (SINAIS) para o período 2004-2014. Para identificar clusters dos casos notificados, foram estimados indicadores de associação geográfica e estabelecidas as áreas de risco com base em determinantes ambientais que foram validados com medidas estimadas de concentração relativa. Para se conhecer a evolução temporal e determinar a estrutura etária dos casos, foram estimadas taxas de crescimento e construídas curvas de densidade. Resultados A distribuição geográfica dos egressos hospitalares no México segue um padrão focalizado. No todo, verificou-se alta concentração em clusters formados por 20 municípios, dos quais 9 estavam situados no Estado de Sinaloa. Em 37% dos Estados do país, a concentração de egressos hospitalares por FVPM foi maior que a do país como um todo e os índices de localização variaram de 5,79 em Sinaloa a 1,17 em Campeche. Conclusão Os dados geográficos obtidos, relativos à associação verificada entre as áreas de alto risco de transmissão de infecção pela presença dos vetores transmissores e condições sociais como pobreza, são úteis para o planejamento de estratégias de prevenção e controle de infecções virais emergentes transmitidas por artrópodes no México, como a do vírus zika.

Geo-spatial Informatics in International Public Health Nursing Education.

This poster describes results of an undergraduate nursing informatics experience. Students applied geo-spatial methods to community assessments in two urban regions of New Zealand and the United States. Students used the Omaha System standardized language to code their observations during a brief community assessment activity and entered their data into a mapping program developed in Esri ArcGIS Online, a geographic information system. Results will be displayed in tables and maps to allow comparison among the communities. The next generation of nurses can employ geo-spatial informatics methods to contribute to innovative community assessment, planning and policy development.

Globalising health informatics: the role of GIScience.

Health systems globally are undergoing significant changes. New systems are emerging in developing countries where there were previously limited healthcare options, existing systems in emerging and developed economies are under significant resource pressures and population dynamics are creating significant pressures for change. As health systems expand and intensify, information quality and timeliness will be central to their sustainability and continuity. Information collection and transfer across diverse systems and international borders already presents a significant challenge for health system operations and logistics. Geographic information science (giscience) has the potential to support and enhance health informatics in the coming decades as health information transfers become increasingly important. In this article we propose a spatially enabled approach to support and increasingly globalised health informatics environment. In a world where populations are ageing and urbanising and health systems are linked to economic and social policy shifts, knowing where patients, diseases, health care workers and facilities are located becomes central to those systems operational capacities. In this globalising environment, health informatics needs to be spatially enabled informatics.