Mastopexy Autoaugmentation by Using Vertical and Triangular Flaps of Mammary Parenchyma Through a Vertical Ice Cream Cone-Shaped Approach.

BACKGROUND: Mastopexy autoaugmentation by using an extended vertical flap and two transverse triangular flaps of mammary parenchyma was performed through an adjustable vertical ice cream cone-shaped approach. METHOD: A vertical rectangular flap with the length of the inferior pole and thickness of the mammary parenchyma was supported at the inframammary fold. Dissection of the vertical flap was extended underneath the areola until the projection of its upper limit, adding 4-5 cm to the length of the vertical flap. A triangular flap supported on its lower half with 4-6 cm long and thickness of the vertical pillar was dissected on both vertical pillars. Patients were followed up for 2 years. RESULTS: The vertical rectangular flap filled the upper pole and central breast. The triangular flaps apart from filling the lower pole increased the mammary cone projection. The medial rotation advancement of the triangular flaps created a transverse support girdle at the lower pole, maintaining the vertical flap into position. In addition, fixation of the vertical flap along its entire length avoided long-term down-displacement of the breast. A keel resection of mammary parenchyma was performed in the larger breast in mild or moderate asymmetries. CONCLUSION: Mastopexy autoaugmentation through an adjustable vertical approach using vertical and triangular flaps of mammary parenchyma filled the upper pole and central breast and reshape the lower pole, recovering the breast contour. It provided long-term stabilization of the mammary cone without a breast implant or fat transfer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Mamoplastia de aumento com lipoenxertia autóloga: revisão da literatura e relato de caso / Breast augmentation with autologous fat grafting: literature review and case report

INTRODUÇÃO: O autotransplante do lipoaspirado na mama para fins estéticos e reconstrutivas tem avançado intensamente na técnica e na tecnologia, assim como na aceitação dos médicos e dos pacientes. O autor relata um caso de aumento mamário estético e discute a revisão da literatura, interessando a eficácia, o potencial carcinogênico e o exame de imagem. MÉTODO:Revisão da literatura no Pubmed na língua inglesa e na Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Plástica, e relato de caso da experiência inicial do autor. RESULTADO: O volume manteve-se estável a partir do segundo mês, e não houve complicações no pós-operatório. Os exames de imagem não apresentaram alterações patológicas. Foram selecionados 24 artigos relacionados. DISCUSSÃO: Dos 24 artigos, só há dois artigos prospectivos não controlados, mas, de maneira geral, não há problemas no diagnóstico nos exames por imagem, não há aumento de potencial cancerígeno, e os resultados são bons nas séries de casos. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento é reprodutível, seguro e eficaz, consolidando-se como uma indicação no tratamento reparadora da mama e uma opção no aumento estético. Entretanto, uma curva de aprendizado mais longa pode ser necessária, para evitar complicações e atingir bons resultados.

INTRODUCTION: The technique and technology lipoaspirate autotransplantation to the breast with the aim of aesthetic appearance and reconstruction has strongly advanced; further, its acceptance by doctors and patients has also improved. The author reports cosmetic breast augmentation and performed a literature review, focusing on the efficacy, carcinogenic potential, and imaging diagnosis. METHOD:A literature review was performed using English-language articles from the PubMed database and the Brazilian Journal of Plastic Surgery (RBCP); in addition, case series of the initial experience of the author has been described. RESULTS: The volume remained stable from the second month, and there were no postoperative complications. Imaging did not show any pathological alterations. In all, 24-related articles were selected. DISCUSSION: Among the 24 articles, only two prospective non-controlled studies were found, but overall, imaging diagnostic tests did not reveal problems, the carcinogenic potential was not increased, and case series had positive results. CONCLUSION: The procedure is reproducible, safe and effective, and reinforces the use of this technique in breast reconstruction and as an option in cosmetic breast augmentation. However, it may require a longer learning curve to avoid complications and achieve good results.

Mamoplastia pós-cirurgia bariátrica usando suporte protético complementar de contenção glandular / Breast augmentation after bariatric surgery by using complementary prosthetic support for glandular containment

INTRODUÇÃO: A pele de pacientes emagrecidas pós-cirurgia bariátrica apresenta alterações estruturais e proteômicas e não resiste ao peso das mamas, levando-as à flacidez residual precoce, exigindo suporte auxiliar. O objetivo é aplicar suporte auxiliar de lâmina de polipropileno não absorvível mais poliglecaprone absorvível ou lâmina de silicone de bustos, em forma de "soutien interno" como auxiliar de sustentação da pele, para manutenção da forma das mamas, e flacidez no mínimo comparável a outras pacientes sem emagrecimento pela cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Nove pacientes foram submetidas à mamoplastia em T invertido com modelagem dos tecidos mamários, com redução do volume e envolvidos com lâmina de sustentação auxiliar. RESULTADOS: Não houve flacidez precoce e em observação de até 4 anos ela era aceitável. Uma delas apresentou seroma, drenado com boa resolução. Serão operadas outras 24 pacientes dentro do protocolo, acompanhadas e observadas por 2 anos com controle mamográfico, ultrassônico e ressonância magnética. CONCLUSÃO: A mamoplastia redutora pós-cirurgia bariátrica requer suporte extra à glândula mamária. A pele estruturalmente alterada não suporta o seu peso e haverá flacidez precoce.

INTRODUCTION: The skin presents structural and proteomic changes after bariatric surgery and cannot withstand the weight of the breasts, which leads to early residual flaccidity, requiring auxiliary support. The goal is to apply a nonabsorbable polypropylene-poliglecaprone absorbable auxiliary mesh support or Bustos silicone sheet, in the form of an "internal brassiere," to support the skin in order to maintain the shape and flaccidity of the breasts comparable with those of normal breasts. METHODS: Nine patients underwent mammoplasty in inverted T with modeling of tissue implants, reduction of breast volume, and wrapping with an auxiliary support mesh. RESULTS: Flaccidity was not observed at an early stage and the condition was acceptable for up to 4 years of follow-up. One of the patients had a seroma, which was drained with good resolution. Another 24 patients will be operated according to the protocol and observed for 2 years by using mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSION: Reduction mammoplasty after bariatric surgery requires additional support for the mammary gland. The structurally altered skin could not support the weight of the breasts, resulting in early flaccidity.

Reconstruction of human mammary tissues in a mouse model.

Establishing a model system that more accurately recapitulates both normal and neoplastic breast epithelial development in rodents is central to studying human breast carcinogenesis. However, the inability of human breast epithelial cells to colonize mouse mammary fat pads is problematic. Considering that the human breast is a more fibrous tissue than is the adipose-rich stroma of the murine mammary gland, our group sought to bypass the effects of the rodent microenvironment through incorporation of human stromal fibroblasts. We have been successful in reproducibly recreating functionally normal breast tissues from reduction mammoplasty tissues, in what we term the human-in-mouse (HIM) model. Here we describe our relatively simple and inexpensive techniques for generating this orthotopic xenograft model. Whether the model is to be applied for understanding normal human breast development or tumorigenesis, investigators with minimal animal surgery skills, basic cell culture techniques and access to human breast tissue will be able to generate humanized mouse glands within 3 months. Clearing the mouse of its endogenous epithelium with subsequent stromal humanization takes 1 month. The subsequent implantation of co-mixed human epithelial cells and stromal cells occurs 2 weeks after humanization, so investigators should expect to observe the desired outgrowths 2 months afterward. As a whole, this model system has the potential to improve the understanding of crosstalk between tissue stroma and the epithelium as well as factors involved in breast stem cell biology tumor initiation and progression.